Journal ArticleDOI
Thermionic Emission, Field Emission, and the Transition Region
E. L. Murphy,R. H. Good +1 more
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TLDR
In this paper, a general expression for the emitted current as a function of field, temperature, and work function is set up in the form of a definite integral, and each type of emission is associated with a technique for approximating the integral and with a characteristic dependence on the three parameters.Abstract:
Although the theories of thermionic and field emission of electrons from metals are very well understood, the two types of emission have usually been studied separately by first specifying the range of temperature and field and then constructing the appropriate expression for the current. In this paper the emission is treated from a unified point of view in order to establish the ranges of temperature and field for the two types of emission and to investigate the current in the region intermediate between thermionic and field emission. A general expression for the emitted current as a function of field, temperature, and work function is set up in the form of a definite integral. Each type of emission is then associated with a technique for approximating the integral and with a characteristic dependence on the three parameters. An approximation for low fields and high temperatures leads to an extension of the Richardson-Schottky formula for thermionic emission. The values of temperature and field for which it applies are established by considering the validity of the approximation. An analogous treatment of the integral, for high fields and low temperatures, gives an extension of the Fowler-Nordheim formula for field emission, and establishes the region of temperature and field in which it applies. Also another approximate method for evaluating the integral is given which leads to a new type of dependence of the emitted current on temperature and field and which applies in a narrow region of temperature and field intermediate between the field and thermionic emission regions.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Polarization dependence of photoexcitation in photofield emission
David Venus,M.J.G. Lee +1 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms of one-photon photoexcitation in photofield emission have been studied experimentally by measuring the photocurrent from selected crystallographic planes of a tungsten field emitter as a function of the polarization of the incident light as discussed by the authors.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
New theory for the derivation of emission area from a Fowler-Nordheim plot
TL;DR: In this paper, the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) theory is used to estimate the effective emission area and the true current density of broad-area metal surfaces in field emission display technology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strong field electron emission and the Fowler–Nordheim–Schottky theory
TL;DR: In this article, the classical derivation of the electron tunneling probability through the triangular potential barrier is re-examined and specified, and a simple interpolation formula for all possible electric fields is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrothermally formed functional niobium oxide doped tungsten nanorods
J. Yu,Liu Yuan,Hao Wen,Mahnaz Shafiei,Matthew R. Field,Jia Liang,Jin Yang,Zhi Fu Liu,Wojtek Wlodarski,Nunzio Motta,Yongxiang Li,Gengmin Zhang,Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh,P.T. Lai +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors postulate a novel concept to explain how numerous localized surface states can be engineered into the bandgap of niobium oxide nanorods using tungsten and discuss their contributions as local state surface charges for the modulation of a Schottky barrier height, the relative dielectric constant and their respective conduction mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Field emission applications of graphene-analogous two-dimensional materials: recent developments and future perspectives
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an exclusive overview of various emerging 2D materials that are being recognized for efficient and high-performance field emission (FE)-based vacuum micro/nanoelectronic devices.