Thermodynamic of Liquid Iron Ore Reduction by Hydrogen Thermal Plasma
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In this paper, the thermodynamics of hydrogen thermal plasma and the reduction of iron oxide using hydrogen at plasma temperatures were studied, and the solubility of hydrogen in slag and molten metal were studied and the sequence of hematite reduction reactions was presented.Abstract:
The production of iron using hydrogen as a reducing agent is an alternative to conventional iron- and steel-making processes, with an associated decrease in CO2 emissions. Hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HPSR) of iron ore is the process of using hydrogen in a plasma state to reduce iron oxides. A hydrogen plasma arc is generated between a hollow graphite electrode and liquid iron oxide. In the present study, the thermodynamics of hydrogen thermal plasma and the reduction of iron oxide using hydrogen at plasma temperatures were studied. Thermodynamics calculations show that hydrogen at high temperatures is atomized, ionized, or excited. The Gibbs free energy changes of iron oxide reductions indicate that activated hydrogen particles are stronger reducing agents than molecular hydrogen. Temperature is the main influencing parameter on the atomization and ionization degree of hydrogen particles. Therefore, to increase the hydrogen ionization degree and, consequently, increase of the reduction rate of iron ore particles, the reduction reactions should take place in the plasma arc zone due to the high temperature of the plasma arc in HPSR. Moreover, the solubility of hydrogen in slag and molten metal are studied and the sequence of hematite reduction reactions is presented.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sustainable steel through hydrogen plasma reduction of iron ore: Process, kinetics, microstructure, chemistry
I.R. Souza Filho,Yan Ma,M. Kulse,Dirk Ponge,Baptiste Gault,Baptiste Gault,Hauke Springer,Hauke Springer,Dierk Raabe +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a study about the reduction of hematite using hydrogen plasma was presented, where the evolution of both, chemical composition and phase transformations was investigated in several intermediate states.
Journal ArticleDOI
Green steel at its crossroads: Hybrid hydrogen-based reduction of iron ores
I.R. Souza Filho,Hauke Springer,Yan Ma,Ankita Mahajan,Cauê Corrêa da Silva,M. Kulse,Dierk Raabe +6 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors demonstrate how the efficiency in hydrogen and energy consumption during iron ore reduction can be dramatically improved by the knowledge-based combination of two technologies: partially reducing the ore at low temperature via solid-state direct reduction (DR) to a kinetically defined degree, and subsequently melting and completely transforming it to iron under a reducing plasma (i.e. via hydrogen plasma reduction, HPR).
Book
Ironmaking and Steelmaking
Zushu Li,Claire Davis +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the importance of steel as a critical material in our society and will remain an important one for a long time into the future and discuss the benefits of using it.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduction of Haematite Using Hydrogen Thermal Plasma
TL;DR: The degree of reduction of haematite, regarding H2O, CO and CO2 as the gaseous reduction products, was determined and it was shown that the degree of hydrogen utilization and the reduction rate were high at the beginning of the experiments, then decreased during the reduction process owing to the diminishing of iron oxide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction: An Option for Steelmaking In The Future
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of reduction of oxide minerals by hydrogen plasma and the influences of various reaction conditions particularly with respect to reduction of oxides are discussed and some aspects of both thermal and nonthermal cold plasma linking oxidative as well as dissociative reduction are presented.
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