Thyroid Function and Human Reproductive Health
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TLDR
Through its interaction in several pathways, normal thyroid function is important to maintain normal reproduction and changes in SHBG and sex steroids are a consistent feature associated with hyper- and hypothyroidism and were already reported many years ago.Abstract:
Via its interaction in several pathways, normal thyroid function is important to maintain normal reproduction. In both genders, changes in SHBG and sex steroids are a consistent feature associated with hyper- and hypothyroidism and were already reported many years ago. Male reproduction is adversely affected by both thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism. Erectile abnormalities have been reported. Thyrotoxicosis induces abnormalities in sperm motility, whereas hypothyroidism is associated with abnormalities in sperm morphology; the latter normalize when euthyroidism is reached. In females, thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism can cause menstrual disturbances. Thyrotoxicosis is associated mainly with hypomenorrhea and polymenorrhea, whereas hypothyroidism is associated mainly with oligomenorrhea. Thyroid dysfunction has also been linked to reduced fertility. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation leads to important increases in estradiol, which in turn may have an adverse effect on thyroid hormones and TSH. When auto...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum
Erik K. Alexander,Elizabeth N. Pearce,Gregory A. Brent,Rosalind S. Brown,Herbert Chen,Chrysoula Dosiou,William A. Grobman,Peter Laurberg,John Lazarus,Susan J. Mandel,Robin P. Peeters,Scott Sullivan +11 more
TL;DR: The revised guidelines for the management of thyroid disease in pregnancy include recommendations regarding the interpretation of thyroid function tests in pregnancy, iodine nutrition, thyroid autoantibodies and pregnancy complications, thyroid considerations in infertile women, hypothyroidism in pregnancy and thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy.
Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum The American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Alex Stagnaro-Green,Marcos Abalovich,Erik K. Alexander,Fereidoun Azizi,Jorge H. Mestman,Roberto Negro,Angelita Nixon,Elizabeth N. Pearce,Offie P. Soldin,Wilmar M. Wiersinga +9 more
TL;DR: Pregnancy is a stress test for the thyroid, resulting in hypothyroidism in women with limited thyroidal reserve or iodine deficiency, and postpartum thyroiditis inWomen with underlying Hashimoto’s disease who were euthyroid prior to conception.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subclinical thyroid disease
TL;DR: The definition, epidemiology, differential diagnoses, risks of progression to overt thyroid disease, potential effects on various health outcomes, and management of subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
Peter N. Taylor,Diana Albrecht,Anna Scholz,Gala Gutierrez-Buey,John H. Lazarus,Colin M. Dayan,Onyebuchi E. Okosieme +6 more
TL;DR: In the developed world, the prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid disease is likely falling owing to widespread thyroid function testing and relatively low thresholds for treatment initiation, however, continued vigilance against iodine deficiency remains essential in developed countries, particularly in Europe.
Journal ArticleDOI
2014 European Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy and in Children
John H. Lazarus,Rosalind S. Brown,Chantal Daumerie,Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk,Roberto Negro,Bijay Vaidya +5 more
TL;DR: This guideline has been produced as the official statement of the European Thyroid Association guideline committee and indicates that targeted antenatal screening for thyroid function will miss a substantial percentage of women with thyroid dysfunction.
References
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Serum TSH, T4, and Thyroid Antibodies in the United States Population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
Joseph G. Hollowell,Norman W. Staehling,W. Dana Flanders,W. Harry Hannon,Elaine W. Gunter,Carole A. Spencer,Lewis E. Braverman +6 more
TL;DR: TSH and the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies are greater in females, increase with age, and are more in whites and Mexican Americans than in blacks, which needs more research to relate these findings to clinical status.
Book
Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility
Marc A. Fritz,Leon Speroff +1 more
TL;DR: Clinical gynecological endocrinology and infertility, Clinical gynecologic endocrinologists and infertility and fertility, کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی اهواز
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The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study
TL;DR: The results confirm that thyroid dysfunction is common, may often go undetected, and may be associated with adverse health outcomes that can be avoided by serum TSH measurement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer.
TL;DR: Following 131I therapy, whether given for thyroid remnant ablation or cancer therapy, recurrence and the likelihood of cancer death were reduced by at least half, despite the existence of more adverse prognostic factors in patients given 131I.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child.
James E. Haddow,Glenn E. Palomaki,Walter C. Allan,Josephine Williams,George J. Knight,June Gagnon,Cheryl E. O’heir,Marvin L. Mitchell,Rosalie J. Hermos,Susan E. Waisbren,James D. Faix,Robert Z. Klein +11 more
TL;DR: Undiagnosed hypothyroidism in pregnant women may adversely affect their fetuses; therefore, screening for thyroid deficiency during pregnancy may be warranted.