Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Chromium Compounds in Humans
Max Costa,Catherine B. Klein +1 more
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TLDR
This experimental system represents an important new animal model for chromate-induced cancers by ingestion of drinking water, and it suggests by extrapolation that chromate can likely be considered a human carcinogen by ingestion as well.Abstract:
Chromium is a human carcinogen primarily by inhalation exposure in occupational settings. Although lung cancer has been established as a consequence of hexavalent chromium exposure in smokers and nonsmokers, some cancers of other tissues of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems have also been noted. Except for a few reports from China, little is known about the health risks of environmental exposures to chromium. Likewise, there has been a lack of epidemiological studies of human exposure to hexavalent Cr by drinking water or ingestion, and it has been suggested that humans can perhaps tolerate hexavalent Cr at higher levels than the current drinking water standard of 50 ppb. This review highlights the most recent data on the induction of skin tumors in mice by chronic drinking-water exposure to hexavalent chromium in combination with solar ultraviolet light. This experimental system represents an important new animal model for chromate-induced cancers by ingestion of drinking water, and it suggests by extrapolation that chromate can likely be considered a human carcinogen by ingestion as well. The potential use of this animal model for future risk assessment is discussed.read more
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Metal–organic framework-based materials: superior adsorbents for the capture of toxic and radioactive metal ions
Jie Li,Jie Li,Xiangxue Wang,Guixia Zhao,Changlun Chen,Zhifang Chai,Ahmed Alsaedi,Tasawar Hayat,Xiangke Wang,Xiangke Wang,Xiangke Wang +10 more
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent progress in reported MOFs and MOF-based composites as superior adsorbents for the efficient removal of toxic and nuclear waste-related metal ions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in metal carcinogenesis and cocarcinogenesis: nickel, arsenic, and chromium.
TL;DR: Overall, metal carcinogenesis appears to require the formation of specific metal complexes, chromosomal damage, and activation of signal transduction pathways promoting survival and expansion of genetically/epigenetically altered cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
The biochemistry of environmental heavy metal uptake by plants: implications for the food chain.
Jose R. Peralta-Videa,Martha L. López,Mahesh Narayan,Geoffrey B. Saupe,Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey +4 more
TL;DR: This review focuses on plant uptake of the toxic elements arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead and their possible transfer to the food chain.
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In Situ Imaging of Metals in Cells and Tissues
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the most recent achievements in trace metal imaging while at the same time also offering a historical perspective of this rapidly evolving research field.
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A new look at biomedical Ti-based shape memory alloys
TL;DR: The metals Ti, Au, Sn, Ta, Nb, Ru and Zr are identified as candidates for the production of thoroughly biocompatible SMAs - alloys that exhibit the full range of shape memory abilities yet are also free of any undesirable side effects.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) in Animal Models and Humans
TL;DR: There is suggestive evidence that hexavalent Cr causes increased risk of bone, prostate, lymphomas, Hodgkins, leukemia, stomach, genital, renal, and bladder cancer, reflecting the ability of Hexavalent chromate to penetrate all tissues in the body.
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Potential hazards of hexavalent chromate in our drinking water.
TL;DR: This treatise has been inspired by recent reviews and speculations that suggest that the authors may safely drink hexavalent Cr in great excess of the current EPA and states drinking water standards of 50-100 ppb.
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Mechanisms of Chromium Carcinogenicity and Toxicity
TL;DR: The chemical nature of chromium compounds and how these properties impact upon the interactions ofchromium with cellular and genetic targets, including animal and human hosts, are discussed.
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Lung cancer among workers in chromium chemical production.
TL;DR: The best quantitative evidence to date of the relationship between hexavalent chromium exposure and lung cancer is offered and shows a strong dose-response relationship for lung cancer.