Journal ArticleDOI
Transformation of Silver Nanoparticles in Sewage Sludge during Incineration
Christoph Meier,Andreas Voegelin,Ana Elena Pradas del Real,Géraldine Sarret,Christoph R. Mueller,Ralf Kaegi +5 more
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TLDR
The rapid formation of Ag(0)-NP from Ag2S during sewage sludge incineration, as demonstrated in this study, needs to be considered in the life cycle assessment of engineered Ag-NP.Abstract:
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) discharged into the municipal sewer system largely accumulate in the sewage sludge. Incineration and agricultural use are currently the most important strategies for sewage sludge management. Thus, the behavior of Ag-NP during sewage sludge incineration is essential for a comprehensive life cycle analysis and a more complete understanding of the fate of Ag-NP in the (urban) environment. To address the transformation of Ag-NP during sewage sludge incineration, we spiked metallic Ag0-NP to a pilot wastewater treatment plant and digested the sludge anaerobically. The sludge was then incinerated on a bench-scale fluidized bed reactor in a series of experiments under variable conditions. Complementary results from X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (EM–EDX) analysis revealed that Ag0-NP transformed into Ag2S-NP during the wastewater treatment, in agreement with previous studies. On the basis of a principal component analysis and subs...read more
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Thermochemical processing of sewage sludge to energy and fuel: Fundamentals, challenges and considerations
TL;DR: In this article, the options of converting sewage sludge to energy and fuel via three main thermochemical conversion processes namely pyrolysis, gasification and combustion are reviewed, and various alternative approaches deserving further consideration, such as the incorporation of pre-processing and co-utilization, are discussed.
Environmental Transformations of Silver Nanoparticles: Impact on Stability and Toxicity
Clément Levard,Clément Levard,E. Matt Hotze,E. Matt Hotze,Gregory V. Lowry,Gregory V. Lowry,Gordon E. Brown,Gordon E. Brown,Gordon E. Brown +8 more
TL;DR: This review discusses the major transformation processes of Ag-NPs in various aqueous environments, particularly transformations of the metallic Ag cores caused by reactions with (in)organic ligands, and the effects of such transformations on physical and chemical stability and toxicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analytical methods for the determination of emerging contaminants in sewage sludge samples. A review.
Laura Martín-Pozo,Blanca de Alarcón-Gómez,R. Rodríguez-Gómez,María Teresa García-Corcoles,Morsina Çipa,Alberto Zafra-Gómez +5 more
TL;DR: Instrumental and sample preparation methods for the detection and quantification of the analytes of interest are reviewed, with an emphasis on the sample treatment techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recovery of phosphorus from incinerated sewage sludge ash by combined two-step extraction and selective precipitation
Le Fang,Jiang-Shan Li,Shane Donatello,Christopher R. Cheeseman,Qiming Wang,Chi Sun Poon,Daniel C.W. Tsang +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-step extraction method was developed to produce highly purified P-extract where ISSA is treated first with ethylenediaminetetraacetatic acid (EDTA) and then with sulphuric acid.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sewage sludge-based functional nanomaterials: development and applications
Shi-Jie Yuan,Xiaohu Dai +1 more
TL;DR: The potential applications of the as-prepared nanomaterials in the fields of pollutant degradation and electrochemical energy storage and conversion are reviewed in this paper, and the synergistically enhanced performances between the asynthesized nanometrics and the specific small inorganic molecular or metal oxides in sewage sludge are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment
TL;DR: A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials, including proposed antibacterial mechanisms and possible toxicity to higher organisms, is presented in this paper, where the authors suggest that further research is warranted given the already widespread and rapidly growing use of silver nanoparticles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Negligible Particle-Specific Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles
TL;DR: This work suggests that AgNP morphological properties known to affect antimicrobial activity are indirect effectors that primarily influence Ag(+) release, and antibacterial activity could be controlled by modulating Ag(+ release, possibly through manipulation of oxygen availability, particle size, shape, and/or type of coating.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory.
Marina E. Vance,Todd Kuiken,Eric P. Vejerano,Sean Mcginnis,Michael F. Hochella,David Rejeski,Matthew S. Hull +6 more
TL;DR: The modified CPI has enabled crowdsourcing capabilities, which allow users to suggest edits to any entry and permits researchers to upload new findings ranging from human and environmental exposure data to complete life cycle assessments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental transformations of silver nanoparticles: impact on stability and toxicity.
Clément Levard,Clément Levard,E. Matt Hotze,E. Matt Hotze,Gregory V. Lowry,Gregory V. Lowry,Gordon E. Brown,Gordon E. Brown,Gordon E. Brown +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the major transformation processes of Ag-NPs in various aqueous environments, particularly transformations of the metallic Ag cores caused by reactions with (in)organic ligands, and the effects of such transformations on physical and chemical stability and toxicity are discussed.