Triple negative tumours : a critical review
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TLDR
The characteristics of basal‐like and triple‐negative cancers, their similarities and differences, their response to chemotherapy as well as strategies for the development of novel therapeutic targets for these aggressive types of breast cancer are critically addressed.Abstract:
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that encompasses several distinct entities with remarkably different biological characteristics and clinical behaviour. Currently, breast cancer patients are managed according to algorithms based on a constellation of clinical and histopathological parameters in conjunction with assessment of hormone receptor (oestrogen and progesterone receptor) status and HER2 overexpression/gene amplification. Although effective tailored therapies have been developed for patients with hormone receptor-positive or HER2+ disease, chemotherapy is the only modality of systemic therapy for patients with breast cancers lacking the expression of these markers (triple-negative cancers). Recent microarray expression profiling analyses have demonstrated that breast cancers can be systematically characterized into biologically and clinically meaningful groups. These studies have led to the re-discovery of basal-like breast cancers, which preferentially show a triple-negative phenotype. Both triple-negative and basal-like cancers preferentially affect young and African-American women, are of high histological grade and have more aggressive clinical behaviour. Furthermore, a significant overlap between the biological and clinical characteristics of sporadic triple-negative and basal-like cancers and breast carcinomas arising in BRCA1 mutation carriers has been repeatedly demonstrated. In this review, we critically address the characteristics of basal-like and triple-negative cancers, their similarities and differences, their response to chemotherapy as well as strategies for the development of novel therapeutic targets for these aggressive types of breast cancer. In addition, the possible mechanisms are discussed leading to BRCA1 pathway dysfunction in sporadic triple-negative and basal-like cancers and animal models for these tumour types.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Triple-negative breast cancer.
TL;DR: Triple-negative breast cancer, so called because it lacks expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2, is often, but not always, a basal-like breast cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Triple-negative breast cancer: disease entity or title of convenience?
TL;DR: Increased understanding of the genetic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis of TNBC, BLBC and BRCA1-associated tumors is opening up new therapeutic possibilities for these hard-to-treat breast cancers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Basal-like and triple-negative breast cancers: a critical review with an emphasis on the implications for pathologists and oncologists
Sunil Badve,David J. Dabbs,Stuart J. Schnitt,Frederick L. Baehner,Thomas Decker,Vincenzo Eusebi,Stephen B. Fox,Shu Ichihara,Jocelyne Jacquemier,Sunil R. Lakhani,José Palacios,Emad A. Rakha,Andrea L. Richardson,Fernando Schmitt,Puay Hoon Tan,Gary Tse,Britta Weigelt,Ian O. Ellis,Jorge S. Reis-Filho +18 more
TL;DR: The purpose of this article was to discuss the relationship between basal-like and triple-negative breast cancers, and to clarify practical implications of these diagnoses for pathologists and oncologists.
Journal ArticleDOI
In vivo Antitumor Activity of MEK and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibitors in Basal-Like Breast Cancer Models
Klaus P. Hoeflich,Carol O'Brien,Zachary Boyd,Guy Cavet,Steve Guerrero,Kenneth Jung,Tom Januario,Heidi Savage,Elizabeth Punnoose,Tom Truong,Wei Zhou,Leanne Berry,Lesley J. Murray,Lukas C. Amler,Marcia Belvin,Lori Friedman,Mark R. Lackner +16 more
TL;DR: The studies suggest that single-agent MEK inhibition is a promising therapeutic modality for basal-like breast cancers with intact PTEN, and also provide a basis for rational combination of MEK and PI3K inhibitors in basal- like cancers with both intact and deleted PTEN.
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Pyroptosis: A new frontier in cancer.
Yuan Fang,Shengwang Tian,Yutian Pan,Wei Li,Qiming Wang,Yu Tang,Tao Yu,Xi Wu,Yongkang Shi,Pei Ma,Yongqian Shu +10 more
TL;DR: The mechanism of regulating pyroptosis in tumor cells as well as the potential roles of pyroPTosis in cancer are focused on to explore potential diagnostic markers in cancers contributing to the prevention and treatment in cancers.
References
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