Journal ArticleDOI
Unconscious race and class bias: its association with decision making by trauma and acute care surgeons.
Adil H. Haider,Eric B. Schneider,N. Sriram,Deborah S. Dossick,Valerie K. Scott,Sandra M. Swoboda,Lia I. Losonczy,Elliott R. Haut,David T. Efron,Peter J. Pronovost,Julie A. Freischlag,Pamela A. Lipsett,Edward E. Cornwell,Ellen J. MacKenzie,Lisa A. Cooper +14 more
TLDR
Unconscious preferences for white and upper-class persons are prevalent among trauma and acute care surgeons, but these biases were not statistically significantly associated with clinical decision making.Abstract:
BACKGROUNDRecent studies have found that unconscious biases may influence physicians’ clinical decision making. The objective of our study was to determine, using clinical vignettes, if unconscious race and class biases exist specifically among trauma/acute care surgeons and, if so, whether those biread more
Citations
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A decade of studying implicit racial/ethnic bias in healthcare providers using the implicit association test
TL;DR: There is a need for more research exploring implicit bias in real-world patient care, potential modifiers and confounders of the effect of implicit bias on care, and strategies aimed at reducing implicit bias and improving patient-provider communication.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Physician Implicit Racial Bias on Clinical Decision Making.
Erin Dehon,Nicole H. Weiss,Jonathan Jones,Whitney Faulconer,Elizabeth Hinton,Sarah A. Sterling +5 more
TL;DR: Although many physicians, regardless of specialty, demonstrate an implicit preference for white people, this bias does not appear to impact their clinical decision making, and further studies on the impact of implicit racial bias on racial disparities in ED treatment are needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effects of Oncologist Implicit Racial Bias in Racially Discordant Oncology Interactions
Louis A. Penner,John F. Dovidio,Richard Gonzalez,Terrance L. Albrecht,Robert Chapman,Tanina Foster,Felicity W.K. Harper,Nao Hagiwara,Lauren M. Hamel,Anthony F. Shields,Shirish M. Gadgeel,Michael S. Simon,Jennifer J. Griggs,Susan Eggly +13 more
TL;DR: Oncologist implicit racial bias is negatively associated with oncologist communication, patients' reactions to racially discordant oncology interactions, and patient perceptions of recommended treatments, which could subsequently directly affect patient-treatment decisions.
Journal ArticleDOI
How Socioeconomic Status Affects Patient Perceptions of Health Care: A Qualitative Study
TL;DR: This study highlights complex perceptions patients have around how SES affects their health care and offers opportunities to reduce health care disparities through better understanding of their impact on the individual patient-provider relationship.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Impact of Cognitive Stressors in the Emergency Department on Physician Implicit Racial Bias.
Tiffani J. Johnson,Robert W. Hickey,Galen E. Switzer,Galen E. Switzer,Elizabeth Miller,Daniel G. Winger,Margaret B. Nguyen,Richard A. Saladino,Leslie R. M. Hausmann,Leslie R. M. Hausmann +9 more
TL;DR: While resident implicit bias remained stable overall preshift to postshift, cognitive stressors (overcrowding and patient load) were associated with increased implicit bias and Physicians in the ED should be aware of how Cognitive stressors may exacerbate implicit racial bias.
References
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Book
Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Amos Tversky,Daniel Kahneman +1 more
TL;DR: The authors described three heuristics that are employed in making judgements under uncertainty: representativeness, availability of instances or scenarios, and adjustment from an anchor, which is usually employed in numerical prediction when a relevant value is available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test.
TL;DR: An implicit association test (IAT) measures differential association of 2 target concepts with an attribute when instructions oblige highly associated categories to share a response key, and performance is faster than when less associated categories share a key.
Book
Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
TL;DR: In this article, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment, examining how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looking at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components.
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical model based on the dissociation ofantomatic and controlled processes involved in prejudice was proposed, which suggests that the stereotype is automatically activated in the presence of a member (or some symbolic equivalent) of the stereotyped group and that Iow-prejudiee responses require controlled inhibition of the automatically activated stereotype.
Journal ArticleDOI
Patient-Centered Communication, Ratings of Care, and Concordance of Patient and Physician Race
Lisa A. Cooper,Debra L. Roter,Rachel L. Johnson,Daniel E. Ford,Donald M. Steinwachs,Neil R. Powe +5 more
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that race concordance is associated with higher levels of communication behaviors that are considered patient centered, higher patient ratings of physicians' participatory decision making, and higher ratings of patient satisfaction.