Upward Turbulent Flame Spread
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TLDR
In this article, a linear integral equation of the Volterra type is derived for the spread rate of turbulent flames along thermally thick vertical sheets for both noncharring and charring fuels.Abstract:
Mechanisms and rates of upward spread of turbulent flames along thermally thick vertical sheets are considered for both noncharring and charring fuels. By addressing the time dependence of the rate of mass loss of the burning face of a charring fuel, a linear integral equation of the Volterra type is derived for the spread rate. Measurements of spread rates, of flame heights and of surface temperature histories are reported for polymethylmethacrylate and for Douglas-fir particle board for flames initiated and supported by a line-source gas burner, with various -rates of heat release, located at the base of the fuel face. Sustained spread occurs for the synthetic polymer and not for the wood. Comparisons of measurements with theory aid in estimating characteristic parameters for the fuels.read more
Citations
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Wall Flames and Implications for Upward Flame Spread
TL;DR: In this article, heat transfer and flame height results are presented for wall samples burned at varying levels of external irradiance, and an approximate theoretical analysis is included to serve as a guide to identifying the important variables and their relationship for correlation purposes.
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Material flammability, combustion, toxicity and fire hazard in transportation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a technical overview of the combustion literature related to, but not exclusively concerned with or focused on, transportation fire safety, and address scientific and technical engineering issues in the fields of fire initiation; fire spread; products of combustion and their toxicity; and practical fire prevention in vehicles and other modes of transportation.
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Correlation study between flammability and the width of organic thermal insulation materials for building exterior walls
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore fire safety of organic thermal insulation, polyurethane foam (PUF) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) over a wide range of widths.
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Upward Flame Spread Over Corrugated Cardboard
TL;DR: In this article, a power-law progression of the pyrolysis front was determined by visually averaging the position across the fuel surface, which corresponded to a slower acceleration than was obtained in previous measurements and theories.
Journal ArticleDOI
Width effect on upward flame spread
TL;DR: In this paper, a lateral diffusion throughout the flame width was proposed to cause thicker flame along its centerline for wider flames and enhance combustion efficiency, and a power value of 0.35 existed between the flame spread rate and width.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A mathematical model of wood pyrolysis
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical study of the pyrolysis of a wood slab, one side of which is heated and the other side insulated and impervious, has been performed for three slab thicknesses-1 cm, 0.2 cm and 0.02 cm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wall Flames and Implications for Upward Flame Spread
TL;DR: In this article, heat transfer and flame height results are presented for wall samples burned at varying levels of external irradiance, and an approximate theoretical analysis is included to serve as a guide to identifying the important variables and their relationship for correlation purposes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Upward fire spread over textiles
G.H. Markstein,J. de Ris +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-dimensional upward flame spread over cotton fabrics was found experimentally to be an accelerating process that acquires a turbulent character after a brief laminar period.
Pressure modeling of vertically burning aircraft materials
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibility of evaluating relative rates of upward fire spread on aircraft cabin materials is investigated with small-scale models burned at elevated ambient air pressure, which preserves the fluid Grashof number of the full-scale fire spread process, is verified with vertical walls of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) fuel ignited at one atmosphere (full-scale) and at elevated absolute pressures (model) to 3.5 MPa (515 psia).