Journal ArticleDOI
Using Automated Comparisons to Quantify Handwriting Individuality
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TLDR
This paper provides a strategy for bounding the probability of observing two writers with indistinguishable writing profiles with a random match probability that can be estimated statistically and shows how this bound can be used when designing an empirical study of individuality.Abstract:
The proposition that writing profiles are unique is considered a key premise underlying forensic handwriting comparisons. An empirical study cannot validate this proposition because of the impossibility of observing sample documents written by every individual. The goal of this paper is to illustrate what can be stated about the individuality of writing profiles using a database of handwriting samples and an automated comparison procedure. In this paper, we provide a strategy for bounding the probability of observing two writers with indistinguishable writing profiles (regardless of the comparison methodology used) with a random match probability that can be estimated statistically. We illustrate computation of this bound using a convenience sample of documents and an automated comparison procedure based on Pearson's chi-squared statistic applied to frequency distributions of letter shapes extracted from handwriting samples. We also show how this bound can be used when designing an empirical study of individuality.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Role of automation in the examination of handwritten items
Sargur N. Srihari,Kirsten Singer +1 more
TL;DR: An algorithm for forensic examination of handwritten items is provided and a likelihood ratio based on probabilities of opposing hypotheses by following an example case is suggested, suggesting man-machine interaction as the preferred approach.
Book
Application of Machine Learning to Toolmarks: Statistically Based Methods for Impression Pattern Comparisons
Nicholas Petraco,Helen Chan +1 more
TL;DR: The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research, development and evaluation agency of the US Department of Justice dedicated to improving knowledge and understanding of crime and justice issues through science.
Journal ArticleDOI
Handwriting based writer recognition using implicit shape codebook.
TL;DR: This paper presents a study to evaluate the effectiveness of an implicit shape codebook technique to recognize writer from digitized images of handwriting.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of Glock 9 mm firing pin aperture shear mark individuality based on 1,632 different pistols by traditional pattern matching and IBIS pattern recognition
TL;DR: An established Bayesian probability model was used to estimate the chance that a 9‐mm cartridge case, fired from a GLOCK, could be mistaken as coming from the same firearm when in fact it did not (i.e., the random match probability).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Approximate is Better than “Exact” for Interval Estimation of Binomial Proportions
Alan Agresti,Brent A. Coull +1 more
TL;DR: For example, this paper showed that using the adjusted Wald test with null rather than estimated standard error yields coverage probabilities close to nominal confidence levels, even for very small sample sizes, and that the 95% score interval has similar behavior as the adjusted-Wald interval obtained after adding two "successes" and two "failures" to the sample.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biometrics: a tool for information security
TL;DR: An overview of biometrics is provided and some of the salient research issues that need to be addressed for making biometric technology an effective tool for providing information security are discussed.
Book
Guide to Biometrics
TL;DR: This complete, technical guide details the principles, methods, technologies, and core ideas used in biometric authentication systems and defines and explains how to measure the performance of both verification and identification systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the individuality of fingerprints
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the problem of fingerprint individuality by quantifying the amount of information available in minutiae features to establish a correspondence between two fingerprint images, and derive an expression which estimates the probability of a false correspondence between minutia-based representations from two arbitrary fingerprints belonging to different fingers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Text-Independent Writer Identification and Verification Using Textural and Allographic Features
M. Bulacu,Lambert Schomaker +1 more
TL;DR: New and very effective techniques for automatic writer identification and verification that use probability distribution functions (PDFs) extracted from the handwriting images to characterize writer individuality are developed.