Visceral Leishmaniasis in China: an Endemic Disease under Control
Zhao-Rong Lun,Ming-Shui Wu,Yun-Fu Chen,Jun-Yun Wang,Xiao-Nong Zhou,Li-fu Liao,Jian-Ping Chen,Larry M.C. Chow,Kwang-Poo Chang +8 more
TLDR
The current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease, with particular reference to the control programs, is described in some depth and breadth.Abstract:
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania spp. is an important vector-borne and largely zoonotic disease. In China, three epidemiological types of VL have been described: anthroponotic VL (AVL), mountain-type zoonotic VL (MT-ZVL), and desert-type ZVL (DT-ZVL). These are transmitted by four different sand fly species: Phlebotomus chinensis, P. longiductus, P. wui, and P. alexandri. In 1951, a detailed survey of VL showed that it was rampant in the vast rural areas west, northwest, and north of the Yangtze River. Control programs were designed and implemented stringently by the government at all administrative levels, resulting in elimination of the disease from most areas of endemicity, except the western and northwestern regions. The control programs consisted of (i) diagnosis and chemotherapy of patients, (ii) identification, isolation, and disposal of infected dogs, and (iii) residual insecticide indoor spraying for vector control. The success of the control programs is attributable to massive and effective mobilization of the general public and health workers to the cause. Nationally, the annual incidence is now very low, i.e., only 0.03/100,000 according to the available 2011 official record. The overwhelming majority of cases are reported from sites of endemicity in the western and northwestern regions. Here, we describe in some depth and breadth the current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease, with particular reference to the control programs. Pertinent information has been assembled from scattered literature of the past decades in different languages that are not readily accessible to the scientific community. The information provided constitutes an integral part of our knowledge on leishmaniasis in the global context and will be of special value to those interested in control programs.read more
Citations
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The importance of vector control for the control and elimination of vector-borne diseases
Anne L. Wilson,Orin Courtenay,Louise A. Kelly-Hope,Thomas W. Scott,Willem Takken,Steve J. Torr,Steve W. Lindsay +6 more
TL;DR: There is a need to return to vector control approaches based on a thorough knowledge of the determinants of pathogen transmission, which utilise a range of insecticide and non–insecticide-based approaches in a locally tailored manner for more effective and sustainable vector control.
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Global genome diversity of the Leishmania donovani complex.
Susanne U. Franssen,Caroline Durrant,Olivia Stark,Bettina A. Moser,Tim Downing,Tim Downing,Hideo Imamura,Jean-Claude Dujardin,Jean-Claude Dujardin,Mandy Sanders,Isabel Mauricio,Michael A. Miles,Lionel F. Schnur,Charles L. Jaffe,Abdelmajeed Nasereddin,Henk D. F. H. Schallig,Matthew Yeo,Tapan Bhattacharyya,Mohammad Zahangir Alam,Matthew Berriman,Thierry Wirth,Thierry Wirth,Gabriele Schönian,James Cotton +23 more
TL;DR: This study reveals greater genetic diversity than suggested by geographically-focused studies, provides a resource of genomic variation for future work and sets the scene for a new understanding of the evolution and genetics of the Leishmania donovani complex.
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Diversity of bacteriome associated with Phlebotomus chinensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) sand flies in two wild populations from China.
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Major parasitic diseases of poverty in mainland China: perspectives for better control.
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References
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