Journal ArticleDOI
Visualization of in vivo olfactory uptake and transfer using fluorescein dextran.
Björn Jansson,Erik Björk +1 more
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TLDR
Plastic embedding and sectioning followed by fluorescence microscopy, enabled simultaneous visualization of FD3 in the mucosa and olfactory bulb, as well as the opportunity to store the tissue blocks for a prolonged period of time.Abstract:
Nasal administration of a 3 kDa fluorescein dextran (FD3) solution to rats resulted in transcellular absorption across the olfactory epithelium and transfer to the olfactory bulb within 15 min. After entering the lamina propria, FD3 was transferred in the connective tissue surrounding the olfactory nerve bundles to the olfactory bulb of the brain. More FD3 was absorbed across the olfactory epithelium than across the respiratory epithelium and to the nasal associated lymphoid tissue. Further, the amount of FD3 crossing the olfactory epithelium was region-dependent, with higher amounts absorbed in the turbinates than in the nasal septum. Plastic embedding and sectioning followed by fluorescence microscopy, enabled simultaneous visualization of FD3 in the mucosa and olfactory bulb, as well as the opportunity to store the tissue blocks for a prolonged period of time.read more
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Intranasal delivery to the central nervous system: Mechanisms and experimental considerations
TL;DR: This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying intranasal delivery to the central nervous system involving the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, the vasculature, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the lymphatic system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intranasal delivery of biologics to the central nervous system
TL;DR: An overview of relevant nasal anatomy and physiology is given and the pathways and mechanisms likely involved in drug transport from the nasal epithelium to the CNS are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Progress in brain targeting drug delivery system by nasal route.
TL;DR: This review aims to describe the latest development of brain targeted DDSs via nasal administration that directly delivers the drugs to brain without systemic absorption, thus avoiding the side effects and enhancing the efficacy of neurotherapeutics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid Transport within Cerebral Perivascular Spaces Underlies Widespread Tracer Distribution in the Brain after Intranasal Administration
TL;DR: C cerebral perivascular convection likely has a key role in intranasal drug delivery to the brain, as shown by ex vivo fluorescence imaging results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intranasal administration of oxytocin: behavioral and clinical effects, a review.
Jan G. Veening,Berend Olivier +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that IN-OT administration may be a promising approach to influence human communication but that the existing lack of information about the neural and physiological mechanisms involved is a serious problem for the proper understanding and interpretation of the observed effects.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chitosans as Absorption Enhancers for Poorly Absorbable Drugs 2: Mechanism of Absorption Enhancement
Nicolaas G. M. Schipper,Susanne Olsson,Janet Hoogstraate,Albertus G. deBoer,Kjell M. Vårum,Per Artursson +5 more
TL;DR: The binding and absorption enhancing effects of chitosans on epithelial cells are mediated through their positive charges, which results in a structural reorganisation of tight junction-associated proteins which is followed by enhanced transport through the paracellular pathway.
Journal ArticleDOI
Histopathologic examination of the rat nasal cavity.
TL;DR: The method described is applicable to both short-term and chronic toxicity studies, and allows for a thorough examination of the nasal cavity without destructive invasion at the time of necropsy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Avenues for entry of peripherally administered protein to the central nervous system in mouse, rat, and squirrel monkey.
TL;DR: The extracellular pathways through which probe molecules enter the mammalian brain offer potential routes of passage for blood‐borne and airborne toxic, carcinogenic, infectious, and neurotoxic agents and addictive drugs, and for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to combat CNS infections and deficiency states.
Journal Article
Uptake of metals in the brain via olfactory pathways
H Tjälve,J Henriksson +1 more
TL;DR: The present review deals with the mechanism of uptake and transport of metals in the olfactory system, and it is considered that the occupational neurotoxicity of inhaled manganese may be related to an uptake of the metal into the brain via the Olfactory pathways.