Journal ArticleDOI
Volatile Abundances in Basaltic Magmas and Their Degassing Paths Tracked by Melt Inclusions
Nicole Métrich,Paul J. Wallace +1 more
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The abundances of CO2, H2O, S and halogens dissolved in basaltic magmas are strongly variable because their solubilities and ability to be fractionated in the vapor phase depend on several parameters such as pressure, temperature, melt composition and redox state as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
The abundances of CO2, H2O, S and halogens dissolved in basaltic magmas are strongly variable because their solubilities and ability to be fractionated in the vapor phase depend on several parameters such as pressure, temperature, melt composition and redox state. Experimental and analytical studies show that CO2 is much less soluble in silicate melts compared to H2O (e.g., Javoy and Pineau 1991; Dixon et al. 1995). As much as 90% of the initial CO2 dissolved in basaltic melts may be already degassed at crustal depths, whereas H2O remains dissolved because of its higher solubility such that H2O contents of basaltic magmas at crustal depths may reach a few percents. Most subduction-related basaltic magmas are rich in H2O (up to 6–8 wt%; Sisson and Grove 1993; Roggensack et al. 1997; Newman et al. 2000; Pichavant et al. 2002; Grove et al. 2005) compared to mid-ocean ridge basalts (<1 wt%; Sobolev and Chaussidon 1996; Fischer and Marty 2005; Wallace 2005).
During magma movement towards the surface, exsolution of major volatile constituents (CO2, H2O) causes gas bubble nucleation, growth, and possible coalescence that exert a strong control on the dynamics of magma ascent and eruption (Anderson 1975; Sparks 1978; Tait et al. 1989). Gas bubbles have the ability to move faster than magma (Sparks 1978), particularly in low viscosity basaltic magmas. Bubble accumulation, coalescence and foam collapse give rise to differential transfer of gas slugs and periodic gas bursting (Strombolian activity; Jaupart and Vergniolle 1988, 1989) or periodic lava fountains (Vergniolle and Jaupart 1990; Philips and Wood 2001) depending on magma physical properties and ascent rate. It is also thought that strombolian and lava …read more
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Petrologic Reconstruction of Magmatic System Variables and Processes
Jon D Blundy,Kathy Cashman +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present some of the current petrological techniques that can be used for studying eruptive products and for constraining key magmatic variables such as pressure, temperature, and volatile content.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid reequilibration of H2O and oxygen fugacity in olivine-hosted melt inclusions
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that, contrary to the widely held view, H 2 O loss or gain in melt inclusions is not limited by redox reactions and significant fluxes of H + through the host olivine are possible on very short time scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatic–hydrothermal origin of Nevada’s Carlin-type gold deposits
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors integrate microanalyses of ore minerals, experimental data that describe metal partitioning, and published age and isotopic data to suggest that the Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada are sourced from magma.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Sulfur Budget in Magmas: Evidence from Melt Inclusions, Submarine Glasses, and Volcanic Gas Emissions
Paul J. Wallace,Marie Edmonds +1 more
TL;DR: The major magmatic volatile components (H2O, CO2, S, Cl, and F) play an important role in the formation, evolution, and eruption of magma as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Melt Inclusions in Basaltic and Related Volcanic Rocks
TL;DR: Melt inclusions are small parcels of melt trapped in crystals within magmatic systems, and are analogous to fluid inclusions formed by trapping of hydrothermal and other fluids during mineral growth in fluid-mineral systems as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
H2O concentrations in primary melts from supra-subduction zones and mid-ocean ridges: Implications for H2O storage and recycling in the mantle
TL;DR: In this article, a total of 145 inclusions, trapped and isolated in Mg-rich olivine phenocrysts (Fo0.87-0.94) from basalts and ultramafic lavas, and representing the most primitive mantle melts known, have been analysed by ion microprobe for their H2O contents.
Journal ArticleDOI
An experimental investigation of olivine morphology
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that olivine crystals can adopt ten types of shape, from complete to progressively less complete crystals and from equant habit to elongate bladed habit (c>a≫b) to tabular habit.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of H2O on mantle wedge melting
TL;DR: In this paper, the melting behavior of a primitive undepleted peridotite composition has been determined over a pressure range of 1.2-3.2 -GPa at H2O saturated conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxygen Isotopes in Mantle and Crustal Magmas as Revealed by Single Crystal Analysis
TL;DR: MacPherson et al. as mentioned in this paper provided a review of several classic examples of silicic and basic magmatism, including Yellowstone and Iceland, that shows isotope zoning and heterogeneity reaching several permil.
Journal ArticleDOI
Re-equilibration of melt inclusions trapped by magnesian olivine phenocrysts from subduction-related magmas: petrological implications
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe and model a potential re-equilibration process that can affect compositions of melt inclusions in magnesian olivine phenocrysts and demonstrate that the possibility of Fe-loss must be considered when estimating compositions of parental subduction-related magmas from naturally quenched glassy melt inclusion inclusions.
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