Journal ArticleDOI
Volatile Abundances in Basaltic Magmas and Their Degassing Paths Tracked by Melt Inclusions
Nicole Métrich,Paul J. Wallace +1 more
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The abundances of CO2, H2O, S and halogens dissolved in basaltic magmas are strongly variable because their solubilities and ability to be fractionated in the vapor phase depend on several parameters such as pressure, temperature, melt composition and redox state as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
The abundances of CO2, H2O, S and halogens dissolved in basaltic magmas are strongly variable because their solubilities and ability to be fractionated in the vapor phase depend on several parameters such as pressure, temperature, melt composition and redox state. Experimental and analytical studies show that CO2 is much less soluble in silicate melts compared to H2O (e.g., Javoy and Pineau 1991; Dixon et al. 1995). As much as 90% of the initial CO2 dissolved in basaltic melts may be already degassed at crustal depths, whereas H2O remains dissolved because of its higher solubility such that H2O contents of basaltic magmas at crustal depths may reach a few percents. Most subduction-related basaltic magmas are rich in H2O (up to 6–8 wt%; Sisson and Grove 1993; Roggensack et al. 1997; Newman et al. 2000; Pichavant et al. 2002; Grove et al. 2005) compared to mid-ocean ridge basalts (<1 wt%; Sobolev and Chaussidon 1996; Fischer and Marty 2005; Wallace 2005).
During magma movement towards the surface, exsolution of major volatile constituents (CO2, H2O) causes gas bubble nucleation, growth, and possible coalescence that exert a strong control on the dynamics of magma ascent and eruption (Anderson 1975; Sparks 1978; Tait et al. 1989). Gas bubbles have the ability to move faster than magma (Sparks 1978), particularly in low viscosity basaltic magmas. Bubble accumulation, coalescence and foam collapse give rise to differential transfer of gas slugs and periodic gas bursting (Strombolian activity; Jaupart and Vergniolle 1988, 1989) or periodic lava fountains (Vergniolle and Jaupart 1990; Philips and Wood 2001) depending on magma physical properties and ascent rate. It is also thought that strombolian and lava …read more
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Petrologic Reconstruction of Magmatic System Variables and Processes
Jon D Blundy,Kathy Cashman +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present some of the current petrological techniques that can be used for studying eruptive products and for constraining key magmatic variables such as pressure, temperature, and volatile content.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid reequilibration of H2O and oxygen fugacity in olivine-hosted melt inclusions
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that, contrary to the widely held view, H 2 O loss or gain in melt inclusions is not limited by redox reactions and significant fluxes of H + through the host olivine are possible on very short time scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatic–hydrothermal origin of Nevada’s Carlin-type gold deposits
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors integrate microanalyses of ore minerals, experimental data that describe metal partitioning, and published age and isotopic data to suggest that the Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada are sourced from magma.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Sulfur Budget in Magmas: Evidence from Melt Inclusions, Submarine Glasses, and Volcanic Gas Emissions
Paul J. Wallace,Marie Edmonds +1 more
TL;DR: The major magmatic volatile components (H2O, CO2, S, Cl, and F) play an important role in the formation, evolution, and eruption of magma as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Melt Inclusions in Basaltic and Related Volcanic Rocks
TL;DR: Melt inclusions are small parcels of melt trapped in crystals within magmatic systems, and are analogous to fluid inclusions formed by trapping of hydrothermal and other fluids during mineral growth in fluid-mineral systems as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Melt inclusions from Volcan Popocatépetl and Volcán de Colima, Mexico : Melt evolution due to vapor-saturated crystallization during ascent
TL;DR: Melt inclusions in phenocrysts from Volcan Popocatepetl and Volcan de Colima within the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) are dacitic to rhyolitic as discussed by the authors.
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Using micro-FTIR spectroscopy to measure volatile contents in small and unexposed inclusions hosted in olivine crystals
TL;DR: In this paper, the proportion of inclusion in transmittance spectra taken through the inclusion and the olivine host is calculated, when combined with accurate overall thickness determinations from interference fringe patterns on reflectances spectra, allowing the inclusion thickness to be calculated.
Sulfur Diffusion in Basaltic Melts
TL;DR: In this paper, the diffusion coefficients of sulfur in two different basaltic melts at reduced conditions (i.e., in the sulfide stability field), temperatures from 1225°C to 1450°C, pressures of 0.5 and 1 GPa, and water concentrations of 0 and 3.5 wt%.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gas segregation in dykes and sills
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate gas segregation by means of analogue experiments and analytical modelling in a simple geometry consisting of a vertical conduit connected to a horizontal intrusion, and show that non-vertical elements of the plumbing systems act as strong gas segregators.
Journal ArticleDOI
H2O-rich island arc low-K tholeiite magma inferred from Ca-rich plagioclase-melt inclusion equilibria
Morihisa Hamada,Toshitsugu Fujii +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantify H2O content and chemical composition of island arc low-K tholeiite magma that crystallized Ca-rich plagioclase, melt inclusions of a typical island arc tholeisite from Izu-Oshima volcano (34°N 44', 139°E 24') were analyzed.
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