Journal ArticleDOI
Volatile Abundances in Basaltic Magmas and Their Degassing Paths Tracked by Melt Inclusions
Nicole Métrich,Paul J. Wallace +1 more
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The abundances of CO2, H2O, S and halogens dissolved in basaltic magmas are strongly variable because their solubilities and ability to be fractionated in the vapor phase depend on several parameters such as pressure, temperature, melt composition and redox state as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
The abundances of CO2, H2O, S and halogens dissolved in basaltic magmas are strongly variable because their solubilities and ability to be fractionated in the vapor phase depend on several parameters such as pressure, temperature, melt composition and redox state. Experimental and analytical studies show that CO2 is much less soluble in silicate melts compared to H2O (e.g., Javoy and Pineau 1991; Dixon et al. 1995). As much as 90% of the initial CO2 dissolved in basaltic melts may be already degassed at crustal depths, whereas H2O remains dissolved because of its higher solubility such that H2O contents of basaltic magmas at crustal depths may reach a few percents. Most subduction-related basaltic magmas are rich in H2O (up to 6–8 wt%; Sisson and Grove 1993; Roggensack et al. 1997; Newman et al. 2000; Pichavant et al. 2002; Grove et al. 2005) compared to mid-ocean ridge basalts (<1 wt%; Sobolev and Chaussidon 1996; Fischer and Marty 2005; Wallace 2005).
During magma movement towards the surface, exsolution of major volatile constituents (CO2, H2O) causes gas bubble nucleation, growth, and possible coalescence that exert a strong control on the dynamics of magma ascent and eruption (Anderson 1975; Sparks 1978; Tait et al. 1989). Gas bubbles have the ability to move faster than magma (Sparks 1978), particularly in low viscosity basaltic magmas. Bubble accumulation, coalescence and foam collapse give rise to differential transfer of gas slugs and periodic gas bursting (Strombolian activity; Jaupart and Vergniolle 1988, 1989) or periodic lava fountains (Vergniolle and Jaupart 1990; Philips and Wood 2001) depending on magma physical properties and ascent rate. It is also thought that strombolian and lava …read more
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Dissertation
Magmatic sources to volcanic gas emissions: Insight from the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt, western Canada
TL;DR: Venugopal et al. as mentioned in this paper used Raman spectroscopy and 3D imaging to investigate the changes in fluid (CO2) and solid phases filling the bubbles before and after reheating.
Gas Segregation in Dykes and Sills
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate gas segregation by means of analogue experiments and analytical modelling in a simple geometry consisting of a vertical conduit connected to a horizontal intrusion, and show that non-vertical elements of the plumbing systems act as strong gas segregators.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for an Active, Transcrustal Magma System in the Last 60 ka and Eruptive Degassing Budget (H 2 O, CO 2 , S, F, Cl, Br): The Case of Dominica
Journal ArticleDOI
Arc magmatism and porphyry-type ore deposition are primarily controlled by chlorine from seawater
TL;DR: A detailed evaluation of available data reveals that seawater is key to the connection between these processes as it is the source of the ubiquitous, hot aqueous fluid from the subducting slab that is central to the generation of primary arc magmas and transfer or recycling of crustal materials at convergent margins as mentioned in this paper .
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Paleohydrology on Mars constrained by mass balance and mineralogy of pre-Amazonian sodium chloride lakes
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combine reaction-transport modeling, orbital spectroscopy, and new volume estimates from high-resolution digital terrain models, in order to constrain the hydrologic boundary conditions for forming the chlorides.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tectonic Implications of the Composition of Volcanic Arc Magmas
Julian A. Pearce,David W. Peate +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize knowledge of the behavior of elements in the subduction system and highlight the physical and chemical processes that have been invoked as being important in controlling the composition of volcanic arc magmas.
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Major and trace element composition of the depleted MORB mantle (DMM)
R. Workman,Stanley R. Hart +1 more
TL;DR: Asimow et al. as mentioned in this paper derived an estimate for the chemical composition of the depleted MORB mantle (DMM), the source reservoir to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs), which represents at least 30% the mass of the whole silicate Earth.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Trace element signature of subduction-zone fluids, melts and supercritical liquids at 120–180 km depth
TL;DR: Measurements of the composition of fluids and melts equilibrated with a basaltic eclogite at pressures equivalent to depths in the Earth and temperatures of 700–1,200 °C constrain the recycling rates of key elements in subduction-zone arc volcanism.
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