Journal ArticleDOI
Water deficits accelerate ripening and induce changes in gene expression regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in grape berries
TLDR
Results demonstrate that manipulation of abiotic stress through applied water deficits not only modulates compositional changes during berry ripening, but also alters the timing of particular aspects of the ripening process.Abstract:
Water deficits consistently promote higher concentrations of anthocyanins in red winegrapes and their wines. However, controversy remains as to whether there is any direct effect on berry metabolism other than inhibition of growth. Early (ED) and late (LD) season water deficits, applied before or after the onset of ripening (veraison), were imposed on field grown Vitis vinifera “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and the responses of gene expression in the flavonoid pathway and their corresponding metabolites were determined. ED accelerated sugar accumulation and the onset of anthocyanin synthesis. Both ED and LD increased anthocyanin accumulation after veraison. Expression profiling revealed that the increased anthocyanin accumulation resulted from earlier and greater expression of the genes controlling flux through the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, including F3H, DFR, UFGT and GST. Increases in total anthocyanins resulted predominantly from an increase of 3′4′5′-hydroxylated forms through the differential regulation of F3′H and F3′5′H. There were limited effects on proanthocyanidin, other flavonols, and on expression of genes committed to their synthesis. These results demonstrate that manipulation of abiotic stress through applied water deficits not only modulates compositional changes during berry ripening, but also alters the timing of particular aspects of the ripening process.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Response of Plant Secondary Metabolites to Environmental Factors.
TL;DR: This documentary review will outline a general picture of environmental factors responsible for fluctuation in plant SMs, provide a practical way to obtain consistent quality and high quantity of bioactive compounds in vegetation, and present some suggestions for future research and development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Grapevine under deficit irrigation: hints from physiological and molecular data.
Maria Manuela Chaves,Maria Manuela Chaves,Olfa Zarrouk,Rita Francisco,J. M. Costa,J. M. Costa,Thiago de Santana Santos,Thiago de Santana Santos,A. P. Regalado,M. L. Rodrigues,Carlos M. Lopes +10 more
TL;DR: Rules under water deficit of genes and proteins of the various metabolic pathways responsible for berry composition and therefore wine quality are reviewed, and differences in this respect between grapevines varieties and experimental conditions are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant Flavonoids—Biosynthesis, Transport and Involvement in Stress Responses
Elisa Petrussa,Enrico Braidot,Marco Zancani,Carlo Peresson,Alberto Bertolini,Sonia Patui,Angelo Vianello +6 more
TL;DR: The synthesis of flavonoids, their import and export in plant cell compartments, as well as their involvement in the response to stress, with particular reference to grapevine are analyzed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biosynthesis of Anthocyanins and Their Regulation in Colored Grapes
Fei He,Lin Mu,Guo-Liang Yan,Na-Na Liang,Qiu-Hong Pan,Jun Wang,Malcolm J. Reeves,Chang-Qing Duan +7 more
TL;DR: The present paper summarizes both the basic information and the most recent advances in the study of the anthocyanin biosynthesis in red grapes, emphasizing their gene structure, the transcriptional factors and the diverse exterior regulation factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
In Posidonia oceanica cadmium induces changes in DNA methylation and chromatin patterning
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase, linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sucrose-Specific Induction of the Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway in Arabidopsis
TL;DR: Investigation of the effects of sugars on genes coding for flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes in Arabidopsis indicates that the sugar-dependent up-regulation of the anthOCyanin synthesis pathway is Suc specific.
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A glutathione S-transferase involved in vacuolar transfer encoded by the maize gene Bronze-2.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that anthocyanins extracted from maize protoplasts expressing BZ2 are conjugated with glutathione, and that vanadate, a known inhibitor of the glutATHione pump3 in plant vacuolar membranes, inhibits the accumulation of anthocianins in the vacuole.
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Effects of plant hormones and shading on the accumulation of anthocyanins and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in grape berry skins
TL;DR: The accumulation of anthocyanins was enhanced by ABA treatment and suppressed by NAA and shading, and there were significant differences in the mRNA copy number among three Chss, between two Chis, and two F3hs during the coloration of grape berry skins.
Journal Article
Research on Development and Ripening of the Grape Berry
TL;DR: This honorary research lecture was presented by Dr. Coombe at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Enology and Viticulture in Seattle, Washington (June 1991) as discussed by the authors.