scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

How stable are circular RNA molecules? 


Best insight from top research papers

Circular RNA molecules are highly stable . Their closed ends contribute to their stability, although they can still be degraded by circulating endonucleases or microRNA-mediated cleavage . Circular RNAs have been shown to be more stable than their linear mRNA counterparts in vivo . They can accumulate to higher levels than linear mRNAs and are expressed in a tissue- and stage-specific manner . Circular RNAs have the ability to sponge microRNAs and regulate cellular processes . They can also act as competing endogenous RNAs and control gene expression events . Circular RNAs have been found to be abundant, stable, conserved, and nonrandom products of RNA splicing . Their stability, conservation, and regulatory functions suggest that they likely impact many biological processes .

Answers from top 5 papers

More filters
Papers (5)Insight
The paper mentions that circular RNA molecules are more stable than their linear isoforms and can accumulate in cells with different division rates.
The provided paper does not mention anything about the stability of circular RNA molecules.
Circular RNAs are highly stable transcripts that often accumulate in the cytoplasm.
Circular RNA molecules are more stable than associated linear mRNAs in vivo.
Circular RNA molecules are more stable than linear RNA molecules, with a half-life of more than 48 hours compared to 10 hours for linear RNA. However, in serum, the stability of circRNAs is reduced to around 15 seconds due to the presence of circulating endonucleases.

Related Questions

Is RNA stable?5 answersRNA stability is a critical aspect influenced by factors like RNA decay rates, storage conditions, and interactions with ribonucleoprotein complexes. Various methods and reagents have been developed to stabilize RNA, such as using high temperatures and specific pH conditions with ammonium sulfate, or employing RNAstable® to store RNA in a dehydrated state at room temperature, protecting it from degradation. Additionally, RNA stability is linked to cellular processes like cell death, aging, and disease, emphasizing its importance in maintaining cellular RNA concentrations. Understanding RNA stability is crucial for preserving RNA integrity, which is essential for its functions in coding for proteins, structural roles, and regulatory functions within the cell.
What is the function of circular RNA?4 answersCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to have various important functions. They can act as miRNA sponges, regulate cell proliferation, and participate in virus replication. CircRNAs are involved in gene regulation and can control various biological and molecular processes, including transcription, translation, and splicing events. They exhibit cell-type specific expression patterns and can function as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in diseases. CircRNAs are stable in cells due to their circular structure and can influence the course of diseases, including autophagy and drug resistance. They are highly expressed in mammalian cells and show cell/tissue-specific expression patterns. Dysregulation of circRNAs has been observed in various cancers, where they can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors and modulate different cell signaling pathways. Overall, circRNAs play important roles in gene regulation, disease pathogenesis, and cellular processes, making them a subject of growing research interest.
Why circular RNAs are important to study for cancer?5 answersCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are important to study for cancer because they have been found to play significant roles in various aspects of cancer development and progression. Firstly, circRNAs have been shown to encode peptides or proteins through cap-independent translation mechanisms, which can contribute to the occurrence and development of cancer. Secondly, circRNAs have been found to have specific functions in different types of cancer. For example, in B-cell lymphoma, circPVT1 and circZDHHC11 have been shown to support cell growth. In prostate cancer, circRNAs have been implicated in regulating tumor progression, treatment resistance, and therapeutic response. In colorectal cancer, circRNAs have been associated with gene regulation and cellular processes such as proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. Lastly, circRNAs have been identified as potential regulators of cancer immunotherapy, highlighting their importance in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, studying circRNAs can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of cancer development and potentially lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
How do circular RNAs regulate gene expression?5 answersCircular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate gene expression through various mechanisms. They can act as miRNA sponges, binding and sequestering miRNAs, thereby preventing them from targeting and degrading their mRNA targets. Additionally, circRNAs can interact with RNA binding proteins (RBPs), acting as scaffolds or recruiters for RBPs, which can modulate gene expression. Some circRNAs have been found to have transcriptional regulatory functions, influencing the expression of specific genes. Furthermore, circRNAs can produce short peptides with active biological functions, adding another layer of complexity to their regulatory role. The tissue- and cell type-specific expression of circRNAs suggests that they may have specific biological functions in different contexts. Understanding the mechanisms by which circRNAs regulate gene expression can provide insights into their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various diseases.
How stable are DNA methylation changes after exposure?5 answersDNA methylation changes after exposure can be stable and persist over time. Prenatal exposure to air pollution, such as NO2, can lead to persistent DNA methylation changes that are still present in childhood. Similarly, chronic exposure to nanoparticles (NP) in occupationally exposed workers can result in long-term DNA methylation pattern shifts. Prenatal and early life exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) can induce stable DNA methylation changes in offspring that are associated with impaired lung development and increased risk of asthma and wheeze. Additionally, DNA methylation profiles can be altered following radiation treatment, with some changes persisting for up to 14 days after exposure. Psychotherapy, such as Narrative Exposure Therapy, can also lead to DNA methylation changes in individuals with war-related childhood trauma.
Stability of egcg?5 answersEGCG stability can be affected by various factors such as temperature, storage duration, pH, NaCl concentration, and encapsulation methods. The stability of EGCG during storage at low temperature (8 °C) was found to decrease by 20.11% after 32 hours, while storage at 25 °C resulted in a decrease of 26.73%. Encapsulation of EGCG in emulsified oil droplets using protein-stabilized emulsions improved its stability, with retention of EGCG increasing about 2 and 33 times after thermal treatment and 10 weeks of storage at 4 °C. EGCG bilosomes, a new delivery system, showed greater stability and bioavailability compared to liposomes and niosomes, with a retention rate of 71.64% after incubation in simulated intestinal fluid for 2 hours. Encapsulation of EGCG using hordein nanoparticles also improved its stability, with a remaining amount of encapsulated EGCG 1.31-fold and 1.52-fold higher than free EGCG at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. Additionally, the stability of EGCG can be enhanced by synthesizing EGCG palmitate, which showed significantly superior stability compared to EGCG.

See what other people are reading

How have people studied significant events in broadly neutralizing antibody maturation?
5 answers
Researchers have investigated the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV through various studies. By analyzing the maturation pathways of bNAbs, such as the VRC26 lineage, the CAP256-VRC26 family, and the CH103 lineage, key events in bNAb maturation have been elucidated. Studies have shown that early viral escape at critical antibody-virus contact sites can drive the selection of antibody sublineages capable of developing neutralization breadth. Additionally, the process of affinity maturation, involving somatic hypermutation and positive selection, has been explored in human B-cell lineages to understand how antibodies gain increased affinity for antigens. These investigations underscore the importance of studying antibody maturation pathways to inform the design of effective immunogens for eliciting protective antibody responses against HIV.
What is Factor IX?
4 answers
Factor IX, also known as FIX, is a crucial protein involved in the blood coagulation cascade. It is a zymogen enzyme that plays a significant role in hemostasis. Mutations or deficiencies in Factor IX can lead to hemophilia B, a bleeding disorder that necessitates constant protein replacement therapy. Various inventions and research have focused on Factor IX variants with improved biological properties compared to wild-type Factor IX, aiming to enhance hemostasis modulation for hemophilia B treatment. Additionally, there are innovative approaches such as Factor IX fusion proteins containing heterologous moieties like XTEN, which offer new possibilities for therapy and treatment strategies in hemophilia B. Gene therapy advancements have also introduced more potent Factor IX expression cassettes, providing promising avenues for the management of hemophilia B.
Is kdm5c important in hematopoiesis?
5 answers
KDM5C plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis based on the data from the provided contexts. Studies demonstrate that KDM5C is involved in regulating the functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of dendritic cells (DCs), and loss of KDM5C affects bone mass regulation through its impact on osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, KDM5C has been identified as a tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where reduced expression accelerates AML cell growth and impacts disease progression. These findings collectively highlight the significance of KDM5C in hematopoietic processes, including DC function, bone homeostasis, and AML pathogenesis. Therefore, KDM5C emerges as an important epigenetic regulator with implications for hematopoiesis and related diseases.
What is the role of proteasome inhibitors in case of solid tumors?
4 answers
Proteasome inhibitors play a crucial role in the treatment of solid tumors by targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system. While traditional covalent proteasome inhibitors like bortezomib and ixazomib have limited efficacy against solid tumors due to side effects and poor distribution, novel non-covalent proteasome inhibitors, such as the QL compounds, show promise in inhibiting tumor growth in solid cancers and multiple myeloma with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Additionally, strategies focusing on reducing the 26S/20S proteasome ratio by depleting specific subunits have shown effectiveness in killing aggressive cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Proteasome inhibitors impair the proteasome's function, which is vital for cancer cell survival, making them a potential therapeutic target for solid tumors like osteosarcoma. Combining proteasome inhibitors with other agents like obatoclax has shown synergistic growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in small cell lung cancer.
What is a transcript variant?
5 answers
A transcript variant refers to different mRNA sequences produced from the same gene due to processes like alternative splicing or mutations. These variants can have distinct functions, cellular localization, and stability. Genes with multiple transcript variants are often associated with essential cellular functions, conservation across species, and regulatory interactions. Transcript variants play a crucial role in understanding genetic diseases, as they can impact protein structure and function. Techniques like single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) enable the visualization and study of individual RNA variants, aiding in unraveling disease mechanisms. Identifying and characterizing transcript variants, such as the novel GPER-v5, is essential for comprehensively understanding gene expression and its implications in both normal physiology and disease states.
How RNA folds during synthesis (co-transcriptional folding)?
5 answers
RNA folds during synthesis through a process known as co-transcriptional folding, where the RNA molecule starts folding while it is still being transcribed. This cotranscriptional folding process is crucial for the biological assembly of complex molecular structures like the ribosome. Computational models have been developed to simulate the changing structure ensembles during transcription, providing insights into the formation of specific metastable structures and the timing of their formation. Studies on eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis have shown that ribosomal RNA (rRNA) folding begins co-transcriptionally and involves interactions with small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), proteins, and RNA helicases to facilitate proper folding. Additionally, computational models incorporating cotranscriptional effects have been developed to predict RNA secondary structure formation, including pseudoknots, offering quantitative insights into the kinetics of RNA folding.
What is the Nanoparticle-based delivery systems in HCC?
4 answers
Nanoparticle-based delivery systems play a crucial role in targeted therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Various nanocarriers have been developed to enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs while minimizing side effects. These nanocarriers can be functionalized with ligands like transferrin, folic acid, polypeptides, and hyaluronic acid to specifically target cancer cells. Nanotechnology has enabled the development of arsenic trioxide (ATO)-loaded nanocarriers, addressing challenges like optimal concentration and bioavailability of ATO for effective HCC treatment. Additionally, controlled-release biodegradable hydrogels have been explored as effective drug delivery systems for HCC, offering localized chemotherapy to reduce side effects and improve treatment outcomes. Novel dual-targeting nanocarrier systems, such as AR-NADR, have been designed to combat drug resistance in HCC by delivering cisplatin and NOR1 shRNA effectively. Gold-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles have been utilized for liver-targeted delivery of cytotoxic molecules, showcasing promising anti-cancer activity against HCC cells.
Amylose content in rice
5 answers
Amylose content in rice plays a crucial role in determining various characteristics of rice grains. Studies have shown that amylose content influences the gel-forming properties of rice flours, with higher amylose content leading to stronger and more elastic gels. The Waxy (Wx) gene is a key regulator of amylose content in rice grains, with different alleles of this gene affecting palatability, viscosity, and digestibility. Methods utilizing image processing techniques and Artificial Neural Networks have been developed to measure amylose content in rice quickly and accurately based on color intensity. Additionally, the development of rice reference materials and spectrophotometric methods has facilitated the measurement of amylose content in rice samples, enhancing testing efficiency and providing technical support for the rice industry's high-quality development. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been utilized to manipulate the Wx gene, resulting in altered amylose content in rice grains, highlighting the gene's role in controlling amylose synthesis.
What does function of 7SL RNA in SNP?
5 answers
The 7SL RNA plays diverse roles in cellular and viral processes. It is involved in regulating gene expression by interacting with TP53 mRNA to modulate p53 translation, impacting p53 levels and growth-suppressive functions. Additionally, 7SL RNA is selectively packaged into retroviral particles, such as HIV-1, where it forms complexes with viral proteins like Gag and tRNA, contributing to viral ribonucleoprotein assembly. Furthermore, 7SL RNA interacts with potent anti-HIV-1 cytidine deaminases, aiding in their targeting to HIV-1 ribonucleoprotein complexes for viral inhibition. These findings highlight the multifaceted functions of 7SL RNA in both cellular gene regulation and viral replication processes.
What splice variants cause beta thalassemia?
4 answers
Various splice variants have been identified to cause beta-thalassemia. For instance, the HBBIVSI-110(G > A) mutation creates an abnormal splice acceptor site in the HBB gene, leading to reduced HBB protein expression and beta-thalassemia development. Additionally, intronic variants like HBB: c316-70C>G and HBB: c316-125A>G have been linked to beta-thalassemia, although their significance has been debated due to inconsistent interpretations. Moreover, mutations in the introns, splice junctions, and 3'-UTR of the HBB gene can also result in beta-thalassemia, affecting mRNA processing and beta-globin production. Furthermore, mutations like the A deletion at codon 30 (HBB: c.91delA) altering splice receptor sites can lead to beta-thalassemia by disrupting normal splicing mechanisms. These findings highlight the diverse genetic alterations that can underlie beta-thalassemia through aberrant splicing processes.
What is the RRL foreign banana?
5 answers
The term "RRL" in the context refers to a company involved in a conflict with a community over land ownership in the Bantan District of Bengkalis. The conflict arose due to the community's longstanding control over the land compared to RRL's licensing in 1998. The community made efforts to reject RRL's operations by forming an alliance and seeking support from legislative members and the District Government of Bengkalis. This conflict highlights the significance of land ownership and community resistance against external entities like RRL, showcasing the complexities of land disputes and local empowerment in such situations.