Showing papers on "Accommodation published in 2016"

Family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders: a five-year update.

Abstract: Family accommodation describes changes that individuals make to their behavior, to help their relative who is dealing with a psychiatric and/or psychological disorder(s), avoid or alleviate distress related to the disorder. Research on family accommodation has advanced rapidly. In this update we aim to provide a synthesis of findings from the past five years. A search of available, peer-reviewed, English language papers was conducted through PubMed and PsycINFO, cross referencing psychiatric disorders with accommodation and other family-related terms. The resulting 121 papers were individually reviewed and evaluated and the main findings were discussed. Family accommodation is common in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and in anxiety disorders, and manifests similarly across these disorders. Family accommodation is associated with more severe psychopathology and poorer clinical outcomes. Treatments have begun to focus on the reduction of family accommodation as a primary therapeutic goal and finally, neurobiological underpinnings of family accommodation are beginning to be investigated.

Dynamic lens and monovision 3D displays to improve viewer comfort.

Abstract: Stereoscopic 3D (S3D) displays provide an additional sense of depth compared to non-stereoscopic displays by sending slightly different images to the two eyes. But conventional S3D displays do not reproduce all natural depth cues. In particular, focus cues are incorrect causing mismatches between accommodation and vergence: The eyes must accommodate to the display screen to create sharp retinal images even when binocular disparity drives the eyes to converge to other distances. This mismatch causes visual discomfort and reduces visual performance. We propose and assess two new techniques that are designed to reduce the vergence-accommodation conflict and thereby decrease discomfort and increase visual performance. These techniques are much simpler to implement than previous conflict-reducing techniques. The first proposed technique uses variable-focus lenses between the display and the viewer’s eyes. The power of the lenses is yoked to the expected vergence distance thereby reducing the mismatch between vergence and accommodation. The second proposed technique uses a fixed lens in front of one eye and relies on the binocularly fused percept being determined by one eye and then the other, depending on simulated distance. We conducted performance tests and discomfort assessments with both techniques and compared the results to those of a conventional S3D display. The first proposed technique, but not the second, yielded clear improvements in performance and reductions in discomfort. This dynamic-lens technique therefore offers an easily implemented technique for reducing the vergence-accommodation conflict and thereby improving viewer experience.

Accommodation and treatment of anxious youth.

Abstract: Background Parental accommodation refers to the ways in which a parent modifies their behavior to avoid or reduce the distress their child experiences. Parents of youth with anxiety disorders have been found to accommodate their child's anxiety in a variety of ways that contribute to the maintenance of the disorder. The current study evaluated the relationship between parental accommodation and the outcome of treatment for youth with anxiety. Methods Sixty-two youth (age 6–17) and their parents were evaluated for youth anxiety and parental accommodation before and after treatment. All youth received individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Results Parental accommodation was significantly reduced from before to after treatment. Reduction in parent-rated accommodation was significantly associated with the severity of youth's posttreatment anxiety, even when controlling for pretreatment youth anxiety. Level of pretreatment accommodation was significantly associated with treatment response. Conclusions Findings indicate that parental accommodation is significantly reduced after individual youth CBT, and suggest that accommodation may be an important treatment focus. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.

The Effect of Accommodation on Academic Performance of College Students With Disabilities

Abstract: Accommodating students with disabilities may influence their academic performance. This study investigates the effects of accommodations on grade point average (GPA) by examining a sample of 1,248 students from the Office of Disability Services at the Pennsylvania State University. The results showed the significant influence that both test accommodation, specifically extension of time and modification of materials, and course accommodation, specifically assignment accommodation, had on overall GPA while controlling demographic variables and types of disability. The authors also discuss the significance, limitations, and implications of such results.

Stereoscopic 3D Visual Discomfort Prediction: A Dynamic Accommodation and Vergence Interaction Model

Abstract: The human visual system perceives 3D depth following sensing via its binocular optical system, a series of massively parallel processing units, and a feedback system that controls the mechanical dynamics of eye movements and the crystalline lens. The process of accommodation (focusing of the crystalline lens) and binocular vergence is controlled simultaneously and symbiotically via cross-coupled communication between the two critical depth computation modalities. The output responses of these two subsystems, which are induced by oculomotor control, are used in the computation of a clear and stable cyclopean 3D image from the input stimuli. These subsystems operate in smooth synchronicity when one is viewing the natural world; however, conflicting responses can occur when viewing stereoscopic 3D (S3D) content on fixed displays, causing physiological discomfort. If such occurrences could be predicted, then they might also be avoided (by modifying the acquisition process) or ameliorated (by changing the relative scene depth). Toward this end, we have developed a dynamic accommodation and vergence interaction (DAVI) model that successfully predicts visual discomfort on S3D images. The DAVI model is based on the phasic and reflex responses of the fast fusional vergence mechanism. Quantitative models of accommodation and vergence mismatches are used to conduct visual discomfort prediction. Other 3D perceptual elements are included in the proposed method, including sharpness limits imposed by the depth of focus and fusion limits implied by Panum’s fusional area. The DAVI predictor is created by training a support vector machine on features derived from the proposed model and on recorded subjective assessment results. The experimental results are shown to produce accurate predictions of experienced visual discomfort.

Characterizing the Linguistic Chameleon: Personal and Social Correlates of Linguistic Style Accommodation

Abstract: Linguistic style accommodation between conversationalists is associated with positive social outcomes. We examine social power and personality as factors driving the occurrence of linguistic style accommodation, and the social outcomes of accommodation. Social power was manipulated to create 144 face-to-face dyadic interactions between individuals of high versus low power and 64 neutral power interactions. Particular configurations of personality traits (high self-monitoring, Machiavellianism and leadership, and low self-consciousness, impression management and agreeableness), combined with a low power role, led to an increased likelihood of linguistic style accommodation. Further, greater accommodation by low power individuals positively influenced perceptions of subjective rapport and attractiveness. We propose individual differences interact with social context to influence the conditions under which non-conscious communication accommodation occurs.

Successful Aging Through Successful Accommodation With Assistive Devices

Abstract: Objectives To provide a profile of older adults who successfully accommodate declines in capacity by using assistive devices. Method Using the National Health and Aging Trends Study, we provide national estimates of prevalent, incident, and persistent successful accommodation of mobility and self-care activity limitations. For incident and persistent accommodation groups, we describe their subjective wellbeing and participation restrictions, health and functioning, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and acquisition of assistive devices and environmental features. We estimate regression models predicting incident and persistent successful accommodation and the extent of wellbeing and participation restrictions for incident and persistent groups (vs. those who are fully able). Results Nearly one-quarter of older adults have put in place accommodations that allow them to carry out daily activities with no assistance or difficulty. In adjusted models, incident and persistent successful accommodation is more common for those ages 80-89, those with more children, and those living in homes with environmental features already installed; wellbeing levels for these groups are similar and participation restrictions only slightly below those who are fully able. Discussion A focus on facilitating successful accommodation among those who experience declines in capacity may be an effective means of promoting participation and wellbeing in later life.

Accommodation preferences of the girlfriend getaway market in Malaysia: Self-image, satisfaction and loyalty

Abstract: Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between self-image of women travelers, accommodation preferences and the post-consumption behaviors of satisfaction and loyalty. Design/methodology/approach Accommodation preferences were measured using multi-items adapted from the literature and multi-phases of qualitative research. Female guests recruited from a resort’s membership database in Malaysia resulted in 540 useable surveys. Data were analyzed using both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modeling was used to identify relationships between the various dimensions of accommodation preferences, self-image, satisfaction and loyalty. Findings A significant negative relationship was found between women actual self-image and the dimension of hotel activities. Several significant positive relationships were found between women ideal self-image and various room amenities factors. A significant relationship was also found between overall satisfaction and loyalty of guests. Practical implications The results provide hoteliers with significant insights into women’s accommodation preferences and identify opportunities for the packaging of accommodation attributes as well as promotion of hotel amenities that would appeal to the girlfriend getaway market. Originality/value This study is the first to evaluate significant relationships between self-image and accommodation preferences of women travelers from the girlfriend getaway market in Malaysia.

The accommodative ciliary muscle function is preserved in older humans

Abstract: Presbyopia, the loss of the eye’s accommodation capability, affects all humans aged above 45–50 years old. The two main reasons for this to happen are a hardening of the crystalline lens and a reduction of the ciliary muscle functionality with age. While there seems to be at least some partial accommodating functionality of the ciliary muscle at early presbyopic ages, it is not yet clear whether the muscle is still active at more advanced ages. Previous techniques used to visualize the accommodation mechanism of the ciliary muscle are complicated to apply in the older subjects, as they typically require fixation stability during long measurement times and/or to have an ultrasound probe directly in contact with the eye. Instead, we used our own developed method based on high-speed recording of lens wobbling to study the ciliary muscle activity in a small group of pseudophakic subjects (around 80 years old). There was a significant activity of the muscle, clearly able to contract under binocular stimulation of accommodation. This supports a purely lenticular-based theory of presbyopia and it might stimulate the search for new solutions to presbyopia by making use of the remaining contraction force still presented in the aging eye.

Gradient moduli lens models: how material properties and application of forces can affect deformation and distributions of stress

Abstract: The human lens provides one-third of the ocular focussing power and is responsible for altering focus over a range of distances. This ability, termed accommodation, defines the process by which the lens alters shape to increase or decrease ocular refractive power; this is mediated by the ciliary muscle through the zonule. This ability decreases with age such that around the sixth decade of life it is lost rendering the eye unable to focus on near objects. There are two opponent theories that provide an explanation for the mechanism of accommodation; definitive support for either of these requires investigation. This work aims to elucidate how material properties can affect accommodation using Finite Element models based on interferometric measurements of refractive index. Gradients of moduli are created in three models from representative lenses, aged 16, 35 and 48 years. Different forms of zonular attachments are studied to determine which may most closely mimic the physiological form by comparing stress and displacement fields with simulated shape changes to accommodation in living lenses. The results indicate that for models to mimic accommodation in living eyes, the anterior and posterior parts of the zonule need independent force directions. Choice of material properties affects which theory of accommodation is supported.

Regional Sign Language Varieties in Contact: Investigating Patterns of Accommodation.

Abstract: Short-term linguistic accommodation has been observed in a number of spoken language studies. The first of its kind in sign language research, this study aims to investigate the effects of regional varieties in contact and lexical accommodation in British Sign Language (BSL). Twenty-five participants were recruited from Belfast, Glasgow, Manchester, and Newcastle and paired with the same conversational partner. Participants completed a "spot-the-difference" task which elicited a considerable amount of contrasting regionally specific sign data in the participant-confederate dyads. Accommodation was observed during the task with younger signers accommodating more than older signers. The results are interpreted with reference to the relationship between language contact and lexical accommodation in BSL, and address how further studies could help us better understand how contact and accommodation contribute to language change more generally.

Dynamics Of Power In Dutch Integration Politics From Accommodation To Confrontation

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A Model of Supervisor Decision-Making in the Accommodation of Workers with Low Back Pain.

Abstract: Purpose To explore supervisors’ perspectives and decision-making processes in the accommodation of back injured workers. Methods Twenty-three semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with supervisors from eleven Canadian organizations about their role in providing job accommodations. Supervisors were identified through an on-line survey and interviews were recorded, transcribed and entered into NVivo software. The initial analyses identified common units of meaning, which were used to develop a coding guide. Interviews were coded, and a model of supervisor decision-making was developed based on the themes, categories and connecting ideas identified in the data. Results The decision-making model includes a process element that is described as iterative “trial and error” decision-making. Medical restrictions are compared to job demands, employee abilities and available alternatives. A feasible modification is identified through brainstorming and then implemented by the supervisor. Resources used for brainstorming include information, supervisor experience and autonomy, and organizational supports. The model also incorporates the experience of accommodation as a job demand that causes strain for the supervisor. Accommodation demands affect the supervisor’s attitude, brainstorming and monitoring effort, and communication with returning employees. Resources and demands have a combined effect on accommodation decision complexity, which in turn affects the quality of the accommodation option selected. If the employee is unable to complete the tasks or is reinjured during the accommodation, the decision cycle repeats. More frequent iteration through the trial and error process reduces the likelihood of return to work success. Conclusion A series of propositions is developed to illustrate the relationships among categories in the model. The model and propositions show: (a) the iterative, problem solving nature of the RTW process; (b) decision resources necessary for accommodation planning, and (c) the impact accommodation demands may have on supervisors and RTW quality.

Effect of Phenylephrine on the Accommodative System.

Abstract: Accommodation is controlled by the action of the ciliary muscle and mediated primarily by parasympathetic input through postganglionic fibers that originate from neurons in the ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia. During accommodation the pupil constricts to increase the depth of focus of the eye and improve retinal image quality. Researchers have traditionally faced the challenge of measuring the accommodative properties of the eye through a small pupil and thus have relied on pharmacological agents to dilate the pupil. Achieving pupil dilation (mydriasis) without affecting the accommodative ability of the eye (cycloplegia) could be useful in many clinical and research contexts. Phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHCl) is a sympathomimetic agent that is used clinically to dilate the pupil. Nevertheless, first investigations suggested some loss of functional accommodation in the human eye after PHCl instillation. Subsequent studies, based on different measurement procedures, obtained contradictory conclusions, causing therefore an unexpected controversy that has been spread almost to the present days. This manuscript reviews and summarizes the main research studies that have been performed to analyze the effect of PHCl on the accommodative system and provides clear conclusions that could help clinicians know the real effects of PHCl on the accommodative system of the human eye.

Overview of Objective Methods for Assessing Dynamic Changes in Optical Quality.

Abstract: Quality of vision has been emphasized in ophthalmologic clinical practice in recent years. The optical or visual performance of the human eye is not static and fluctuates over time. Considering the major origins of temporal fluctuations in optical or visual performance, quantitative assessment of the dynamic changes in the optical quality of the entire eye is important. This review provides an overview of the clinical application of the objective methods for assessing dynamic changes in optical quality, particularly those associated with accommodation, the precorneal tear film, the prelens tear film, and contact lens movement and fitting.

Effect of Vision Therapy on Accommodation in Myopic Chinese Children

Abstract: Introduction. We evaluated the effectiveness of office-based accommodative/vergence therapy (OBAVT) with home reinforcement to improve accommodative function in myopic children with poor accommodative response. Methods. This was a prospective unmasked pilot study. 14 Chinese myopic children aged 8 to 12 years with at least 1 D of lag of accommodation were enrolled. All subjects received 12 weeks of 60-minute office-based accommodative/vergence therapy (OBAVT) with home reinforcement. Primary outcome measure was the change in monocular lag of accommodation from baseline visit to 12-week visit measured by Shinnipon open-field autorefractor. Secondary outcome measures were the changes in accommodative amplitude and monocular accommodative facility. Results. All participants completed the study. The lag of accommodation at baseline visit was 1.29 ± 0.21 D and it was reduced to 0.84 ± 0.19 D at 12-week visit. This difference (−0.46 ± 0.22 D; 95% confidence interval: −0.33 to −0.58 D) is statistically significant ( ). OBAVT also increased the amplitude and facility by 3.66 ± 3.36 D ( ; 95% confidence interval: 1.72 to 5.60 D) and 10.9 ± 4.8 cpm ( ; 95% confidence interval: 8.1 to 13.6 cpm), respectively. Conclusion. Standardized 12 weeks of OBAVT with home reinforcement is able to significantly reduce monocular lag of accommodation and increase monocular accommodative amplitude and facility. A randomized clinical trial designed to investigate the effect of vision therapy on myopia progression is warranted.

Uniformity of accommodation across the visual field.

Abstract: We asked the question: Does accommodation change the eye's focusing power equally over the central visual field in emmetropic and myopic adult eyes? To answer this question we modified our laboratory scanning wavefront aberrometer to rapidly measure ocular refractive state over the central 30° diameter of visual field as a function of foveal accommodative demand. On average, ocular refractive state changed uniformly over the central visual field as the eye accommodated up to 6 D. Visual field maps of accommodative error (relative to a spherical target surface of constant vergence) reveal subtle patterns of deviation on the order of ± 0.5 D that are unique to the individual and relatively invariant to changes in accommodative state. Population mean maps for accommodative error are remarkably uniform across the central visual field, indicating the retina of the hypothetical "average eye" is conjugate to a sphere of constant target vergence for all states of accommodation, even though individual eyes might deviate from the mean due to random variations. No systematic difference between emmetropic and myopic eyes was evident. Since accuracy of accommodation across the central visual field is similar to that measured in the fovea, loss of image quality due to accommodative errors, which potentially drives myopia and may affect many aspects of visual function, will be similar across the central retina.

The Use of Accommodation in Buyer–Seller Relationships: Encouraging or Controlling Opportunism in Business Markets Middle-grounds

Abstract: Purpose: In the past decades, marketing researchers have explored different strategies to control opportunism in buyer–seller relationships. Accommodation, the cooperative response to partners’ exploitive behavior in exchange relationships, has received increasing attention from research on interfirm relationships. However, less is known about whether accommodation is an effective response strategy for controlling opportunism. Drawing on the self-enforcing agreement literature, this article focuses on exploring (1) what drives a firm’s accommodation response to its partner’s exploitive behavior, (2) how a firm’s accommodation helps govern its exchange partner’s opportunistic behavior, and (3) whether monitoring magnifies or buffers the effect of accommodation on the exchange partners’ opportunism.Methodology: The survey data were collected from 173 seller-firms in Guangdong, Shanghai, Beijing, Wuhan, and Zhengzhou, representing the south, east, north, and middle regions of China. The initial quest...

Reading, contrast adaptation and accommodation in young adult myopes and emmetropes

Abstract: Numerous reports associate prolonged periods of near-work and specifically reading with myopia development. The exact mechanisms that underpin this relationship are however, unclear. Reading may induce perceptual adaptations, specifically changes in contrast sensitivity and to the accuracy of the accommodation response. Reduced contrast sensitivity and accommodation may degrade retinal image quality which could result in a stimulus to ocular elongation and therefore myopia. The experimental work undertaken in this thesis investigated whether reading text on a screen influenced changes in contrast sensitivity (contrast adaptation) and accommodation differently in young adult emmetropic and myopic participants. Contrast adaptation was examined for spatial frequencies, including those created by text rows and character strokes, and accommodative accuracy was determined before and after reading. Furthermore, the influence of cognitive effort on such changes was explored by comparing adaptation to an incomprehensible phase randomised stimulus that otherwise shared the statistical properties of the text stimulus. Reading text on a screen induced contrast adaptation at the spatial frequency created by text rows and myopic participants incurred more than twice the adaptation of emmetropes. Contrast adaptation was not significant at the spatial frequency created by character strokes in either participant group. Myopic participants had significantly greater accommodative lag (reduced accuracy) than emmetropes after reading text. Myopes also showed a significant increase in accommodative lag after reading. There was no significant change in contrast sensitivity or accommodative accuracy after participants viewed the phased randomised stimulus. Text stimuli are inherently dominated by low, narrowband and orientation constrained spatial frequencies generated by row of letters and inter-row space. The results presented show myopes to be more susceptible to adaptation to these specific text characteristics as a consequence of active reading. However, there is extensive scope for further work to determine precisely why this is the case and how such changes may engender myopia development.

Real-Time Measurement of Dynamic Changes of Anterior Segment Biometry and Wavefront Aberrations During Accommodation.

Abstract: Objectives To analyze the dynamic relationship between ocular geometrical structure and high-order aberrations (HOAs) in teal-time during accommodation of human eye. Methods A custom-built spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with high-speed and ultra-long scan depth was used to image the anterior segment, whereas a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor was used to detect the whole-eye aberration. A Badal optometer with switched visual targets was integrated with this system to induce 0 and 3.00 D accommodative stimuli. Three young adult subjects were measured and the structural parameters of anterior segment were measured from OCT images and accommodative response and HOAs were calculated and exponentially fitted in real time during the accommodation. Results The dynamic process from nonaccommodation to 3.00 D accommodation results in reduced pupil diameter, shallower anterior chamber depth, and increased crystalline lens thickness. After an accommodative active time, the RMS of the HOAs changes sharply when an accommodative stimulus is introduced and then tends to be stable. The accommodative response time and velocity are characterized by fitted parameters. The individual differences of changing in HOAs between subjects can be explained by the different sign and changing tendency of certain terms of aberration coefficients in form of Zernike polynomials during the accommodation. Conclusions Based on the integrated ocular measurement platform including OCT system and wavefront sensor, our research demonstrated how the morphology of the human anterior segment affect the aberration in real time during accommodation. The dynamic relationship between them helps us to deeply understand the mechanism of accommodation.

Development and psychometric properties of the client's assessment of treatment scale for supported accommodation (CAT-SA)

Abstract: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are important for evaluating mental health services. Yet, no specific PROM exists for the large and diverse mental health supported accommodation sector. We aimed to produce and validate a PROM specifically for supported accommodation services, by adapting the Client’s Assessment of Treatment Scale (CAT) and assessing its psychometric properties in a large sample. Focus groups with service users in the three main types of mental health supported accommodation services in the United Kingdom (residential care, supported housing and floating outreach) were conducted to adapt the contents of the original CAT items and assess the acceptability of the modified scale (CAT-SA). The CAT-SA was then administered in a survey to service users across England. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Convergent validity was tested through correlations with subjective quality of life and satisfaction with accommodation, as measured by the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA). All seven original items of the CAT were regarded as relevant to appraisals of mental health supported accommodation services, with only slight modifications to the wording required. In the survey, data were obtained from 618 clients. The internal consistency of the CAT-SA items was 0.89. Mean CAT-SA scores were correlated with the specific accommodation item on the MANSA (r s = 0.37, p˂.001). The content of the CAT-SA has relevance to service users living in mental health supported accommodation. The findings from our large survey show that the CAT-SA is acceptable across different types of supported accommodation and suggest good psychometric properties. The CAT-SA appears a valid and easy to use PROM for service users in mental health supported accommodation services.

A pre-tensioned finite element model of ocular accommodation and presbyopia

Abstract: Accommodation is the ability of the eye to dynamically alter its optical power. Presbyopia is the progressive loss of this ability with age. We have developed the first pre-tensioned finite element model of accommodation and used it to address the question of whether increasing lens stiffness alone is sufficient to cause presbyopia. Intrinsic resting forces and accommodative displacement were calibrated for a 20 year-old lens’ stiffness over a 7 D optical power change. Accommodation was simulated by displacing the distal zonule attachments towards the optical axis, mimicking the movement of the ciliary body when the ciliary muscle contracts. The optical power, capsule strain, and radial zonule forces were extracted for one full cycle of accommodation. These responses were compared for lenses having elastic moduli corresponding to 14, 20, 39.5, and 62.7-year-old human lenses. Accommodative power decreased from 20 to 62.5 years of age from 7 to 2 D. This change was less than in experiments where changes in lens power go to zero around age 50. Thus, lens elasticity contributes significantly to presbyopia but is not the sole cause. Lens diameter and thickness changes were within 20 % of reported values, indicating that the present model yields a good approximation of the changes in lens shape during accommodation.

Centre‐Periphery Conflict and Ideological Distance in Turkey

Abstract: This article integrates ideology into a game-theoretical model of centre-periphery bargains. Ideological differences between national and sub-national elites constitute a major obstacle for the accommodation of autonomy claims. While reforms bringing about decentralization are often analysed systematically as well as through case studies, cases where, despite claims to autonomy, decentralization does not occur have been largely neglected by scholars of territorial politics. Turkey is such a ‘negative case’. We argue that ideological distance prevents national parties from accommodating peripheral authority claims. We test our expectation with a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative analysis of party positions with in-depth qualitative analysis of party documents showing how the different ideological positions of national and Kurdish parties affect decentralization demand and national response in Turkey between 1987 and 2015. Our findings support the theoretical expectations, but also point to additional inferences. Whereas asymmetric authority demands have been widely ignored, symmetric local autonomy has become an important issue in territorial politics.

The Impact of Tourist Accommodation Development Toward The Socio-Cultural Aspects in The Seminyak Village, District of Kuta, Regency of Badung, Bali (in Perspective of the Local Community)

Abstract: The growth of tourism accommodation (villa) in the district of Kuta Utara, which is so rapid and uncontrolled, tends to have raised some concerns on the impact that may arise (socio-cultural, environmental and economic). The gap between benefit and cost of the phenomenon raises the question of how perception, response, changes the behavior of the culture and mindset of the local community towards the development of their area travel accommodation. To examine the case, this study combines the two forms of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies (multi-method). The qualitative methods done by observing a research site to see the behavior of local people in the village of Seminyak and informal talks (interview) that is guided by an interview guidelines related to the perception of the local community, the village headman, and the managers of accommodation (villa). While quantitative methods conducted by distributing questionnaires to local communities (90 respondents) were selected randomly. The result of this study is the public response to the development of the accommodation is in the phase of “Euphoria”. It is seen from some of the symptoms, which generally public responses tend to more focus on the advantage of the economic aspects and as if the exclusion of other effects that arise as the socio-cultural and environmental.

The invisible employee: reasonable accommodation of psychosocial disability in the South African workplace

Abstract: While many disabilities are observable, and thus are generally accepted by employers as requiring accommodation on the job (eg in the form of assistive technology, duty modifications and medical de...

Night myopia is reduced in binocular vision.

Abstract: Night myopia, which is a shift in refraction with light level, has been widely studied but still lacks a complete understanding. We used a new infrared open-view binocular Hartmann-Shack wave front sensor to quantify night myopia under monocular and natural binocular viewing conditions. Both eyes' accommodative response, aberrations, pupil diameter, and convergence were simultaneously measured at light levels ranging from photopic to scotopic conditions to total darkness. For monocular vision, reducing the stimulus luminance resulted in a progression of the accommodative state that tends toward the subject's dark focus or tonic accommodation and a change in convergence following the induced accommodative error. Most subjects presented a myopic shift of accommodation that was mitigated in binocular vision. The impact of spherical aberration on the focus shift was relatively small. Our results in monocular conditions support the hypothesis that night myopia has an accommodative origin as the eye progressively changes its accommodation state with decreasing luminance toward its resting state in total darkness. On the other hand, binocularity restrains night myopia, possibly by using fusional convergence as an additional accommodative cue, thus reducing the potential impact of night myopia on vision at low light levels.