Showing papers on "Amaranthus hypochondriacus published in 2017"

Single-molecule sequencing and Hi-C-based proximity-guided assembly of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) chromosomes provide insights into genome evolution.

Abstract: Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) was a food staple among the ancient civilizations of Central and South America that has recently received increased attention due to the high nutritional value of the seeds, with the potential to help alleviate malnutrition and food security concerns, particularly in arid and semiarid regions of the developing world. Here, we present a reference-quality assembly of the amaranth genome which will assist the agronomic development of the species. Utilizing single-molecule, real-time sequencing (Pacific Biosciences) and chromatin interaction mapping (Hi-C) to close assembly gaps and scaffold contigs, respectively, we improved our previously reported Illumina-based assembly to produce a chromosome-scale assembly with a scaffold N50 of 24.4 Mb. The 16 largest scaffolds contain 98% of the assembly and likely represent the haploid chromosomes (n = 16). To demonstrate the accuracy and utility of this approach, we produced physical and genetic maps and identified candidate genes for the betalain pigmentation pathway. The chromosome-scale assembly facilitated a genome-wide syntenic comparison of amaranth with other Amaranthaceae species, revealing chromosome loss and fusion events in amaranth that explain the reduction from the ancestral haploid chromosome number (n = 18) for a tetraploid member of the Amaranthaceae. The assembly method reported here minimizes cost by relying primarily on short-read technology and is one of the first reported uses of in vivo Hi-C for assembly of a plant genome. Our analyses implicate chromosome loss and fusion as major evolutionary events in the 2n = 32 amaranths and clearly establish the homoeologous relationship among most of the subgenome chromosomes, which will facilitate future investigations of intragenomic changes that occurred post polyploidization.

Influences of calcium silicate on chemical forms and subcellular distribution of cadmium in Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.

Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of calcium silicate (CS) on the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in grain amaranths (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. Cv. ‘K112’) grown in a Cd contaminated soil. Results showed that the dry weight and the photosynthetic pigments contents in grain amaranths increased significantly with the increasing doses of CS treatments, with the highest value found for the treatment of CS3 (1.65 g/kg). Compared with the control, application of CS4 (3.31 g/kg) significantly reduced Cd concentrations in the roots, stems and leaves of grain amaranths by 68%, 87% and 89%, respectively. At subcellular level, CS treatment resulted in redistribution of Cd, higher percentages of Cd in the chloroplast and soluble fractions in leaves of grain amaranths were found, while lower proportions of Cd were located at the cell wall of the leaves. The application of CS enhanced the proportions of pectate and protein integrated forms of Cd and decreased the percentages of water soluble Cd potentially associated with toxicity in grain amaranths. Changes of free Cd ions into inactive forms sequestered in subcellular compartments may indicate an important mechanism of CS for alleviating Cd toxicity and accumulation in plants.

Yield and qualitative characterisation of seeds of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. and Amaranthus cruentus L. grown in central Italy

Abstract: Amaranth can be considered a very interesting crop for the Mediterranean region, thanks to its inherent tolerance to disadvantageous growing conditions, along with the high nutritional and nutraceutical value of its seeds. The study aims to evaluate the seed yield, and the oil content and quality of two amaranth genotypes (species Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. and Amaranthus cruentu s L., respectively) grown in central Italy, testing two types of soil (loamy and sandy soil). The two species showed a good performance in the tested environment, with satisfactory seed yield and relative short growth cycle. Significant differences between the two genotypes were observed in terms of seed yield. The crude oil content ranged from 7.5% to 6.0%, with linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids as the major fatty acids of the oil in both genotypes. The unsaponifiable fraction was rich in sterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β- sitosterol), and interesting levels of squalene were found. This study demonstrated the unique nutraceutical properties of the seeds of two genotypes of A. hypochondriacus and A. cruentus , grown in central Italy environment, as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acid and squalene. These characteristics make amaranth a valuable alternative crop for specialty oil production in the Mediterranean region.

Genomic and functional characterization of coleopteran insect-specific α-amylase inhibitor gene from Amaranthus species

Abstract: The smallest 32 amino acid α-amylase inhibitor from Amaranthus hypochondriacus (AAI) is reported. The complete gene of pre-protein (AhAI) encoding a 26 amino acid (aa) signal peptide followed by the 43 aa region and the previously identified 32 aa peptide was cloned successfully. Three cysteine residues and one disulfide bond conserved within known α-amylase inhibitors were present in AhAI. Identical genomic and open reading frame was found to be present in close relatives of A. hypochondriacus namely Amaranthus paniculatus, Achyranthes aspera and Celosia argentea. Interestingly, the 3'UTR of AhAI varied in these species. The highest expression of AhAI was observed in A. hypochondriacus inflorescence; however, it was not detected in the seed. We hypothesized that the inhibitor expressed in leaves and inflorescence might be transported to the seeds. Sub-cellular localization studies clearly indicated the involvement of AhAI signal peptide in extracellular secretion. Full length rAhAI showed differential inhibition against α-amylases from human, insects, fungi and bacteria. Particularly, α-amylases from Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera) were not inhibited by AhAI while Tribolium castaneum and Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera) α-amylases were completely inhibited. Molecular docking of AhAI revealed tighter interactions with active site residues of T. castaneum α-amylase compared to C. chinensis α-amylase, which could be the rationale behind the disparity in their IC50. Normal growth, development and adult emergence of C. chinensis were hampered after feeding on rAhAI. Altogether, the ability of AhAI to affect the growth of C. chinensis demonstrated its potential as an efficient bio-control agent, especially against stored grain pests.

Squalene Extraction by Supercritical Fluids from Traditionally Puffed Amaranthus hypochondriacus Seeds

Abstract: Extraction of squalene, a potent natural antioxidant, from puffed A. hypochondriacus seeds was performed by supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE); besides, to have a blank for comparison, extraction was performed also by Soxhlet method using organic solvents (hexane). Chemical proximal composition and seed morphology were determined in raw, puffed, and SCFE-extracted seeds. Extracts were obtained with a 500 mL capacity commercial supercritical extractor and performed between 10 and 30 MPa at 313, 323, and 333 K under constant CO2 flow of 0.18 kg CO2/h during 8 h. The squalene content was determined and the fatty acids present in the extracts were identified by GC-MS. The extract obtained by SCFE from puffed amaranth seeds reached 460 ± 28.1 g/kg squalene in oily extract at 313 K/20 MPa.

Abundance of Insect Fauna Associated with Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. Crop, in Relation to Natural Living Fences

Abstract: . Abundance of insect fauna associated with Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. in small-holder farm conditions, in terms of field complexity was studied. Agroecology theory suggests that natural fence rows reinforce good microclimatic conditions in a crop field, and provide food and cover for wildlife that could benefit the crop. However, organisms respond differently to the presence of an edge which could be positive or negative, and the response is driven by the form of the edge. In total, 1,621 specimens were collected in the insect orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera, the suborders Heteroptera, Homoptera, superfamily Mantodea, family Aleyrodidae, and class Arachnida. Results revealed that even when abundance of Heteroptera and Homoptera differ between sample areas of living fences, no fences, and natural vegetation, overall abundance was not related with field complexity. Response of arthropods to the presence of a natural living fence was neutral. However, ...

Differential genomic arrangements in Caryophyllales through deep transcriptome sequencing of A. hypochondriacus.

Abstract: Genome duplication event in edible dicots under the orders Rosid and Asterid, common during the oligocene period, is missing for species under the order Caryophyllales. Despite this, grain amaranths not only survived this period but display many desirable traits missing in species under rosids and asterids. For example, grain amaranths display traits like C4 photosynthesis, high-lysine seeds, high-yield, drought resistance, tolerance to infection and resilience to stress. It is, therefore, of interest to look for minor genome rearrangements with potential functional implications that are unique to grain amaranths. Here, by deep sequencing and assembly of 16 transcriptomes (86.8 billion bases) we have interrogated differential genome rearrangement unique to Amaranthus hypochondriacus with potential links to these phenotypes. We have predicted 125,581 non-redundant transcripts including 44,529 protein coding transcripts identified based on homology to known proteins and 13,529 predicted as novel/amaranth specific coding transcripts. Of the protein coding de novo assembled transcripts, we have identified 1810 chimeric transcripts. More than 30% and 19% of the gene pairs within the chimeric transcripts are found within the same loci in the genomes of A. hypochondriacus and Beta vulgaris respectively and are considered real positives. Interestingly, one of the chimeric transcripts comprises two important genes, namely DHDPS1, a key enzyme implicated in the biosynthesis of lysine, and alpha-glucosidase, an enzyme involved in sucrose catabolism, in close proximity to each other separated by a distance of 612 bases in the genome of A. hypochondriacus in a convergent configuration. We have experimentally validated that transcripts of these two genes are also overlapping in the 3' UTR with their expression negatively correlated from bud to mature seed, suggesting a potential link between the high seed lysine trait and unique genome organization.

Effect of Integrated Nitrogen Management on Yield, Quality and Economic of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted on heavy black soil of College Farm of N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) during the rabi season 2016-17. The experiment comprising twelve (12) treatment combinations were laid out in factorial randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated three times. The treatment consisted combinations of three levels of nitrogen viz.,20 kg N/ha (N1), 40 kg N/ha (N2), 60 kg N/ha (N3), two levels of organic manures i.e. FYM @ 5 t/ha (M1) and bio-compost @ 5.0 t/ha (M2) and two levels of bio-fertilizer viz., No seed inoculation (B1) and seed inoculation with azotobactor (10 ml/kg of seed) (B2). Experimental results indicated that significantly highest grain yield (1225 kg/ha) and stover yield (2766 kg/ha) recorded by nitrogen application @ 60 kg N/ha (N3). Fertilization with 60 kg N/ha recorded significantly highest protein content (15.37 %) and protein yield (188.36 kg/ha). In case of economic same level of nitrogen recorded significantly highest net returns of ₹ 43916/ha and B: C ratio of 2.54. In case of organic manure maximum grain and stover yields of 1040 and 2440 kg/ha, respectively were also recorded with the application of bio-compost @ 5.0 t/ha (M2). Application of organic manures fails to exert its significant effect on protein content and protein yield. The highest net returns of ₹ 38482/ha with B:C ratio of 2.57 were obtained with an application of bio-compost @ 5.0 t/ha (M2). In case of bio-fertilizer, grain yield (1059 kg/ha) and stover yield (2487 kg/ha) were recorded significantly highest with azotobacter seed inoculation. Significantly highest protein content (14.37 %), protein yield (154.26 kg/ha) were recorded under seed inoculation with azotobacter (B2). Significantly highest net income of ₹ 34144/ha with BCR value of 2.22 was obtained with the application of azotobacter (B2).

Physicochemical Characteristics and Nutrient Composition of Three Grain Amaranth Species Grown in Hirna, Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract: There is a growing interest in the cultivation of pseudo-cereals like amaranth and quinoa because of their nutritional merits for healthy food markets. In Ethiopia, domesticated cultivation of amaranth is limited (virtually non- existent). The aim of this research was to investigate the grain physicochemical characteristics of three different grain amaranth species ( Amaranthus caudatus- red seed, Amaranthus hypochondriacus- white seed, and Amaranthus cruentus- black seed) collected from different parts of Ethiopia and cultivated in eastern part of Ethiopia. The percentage moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash and carbohydrate contents were ranged from 10.4 to 11.3, 13.0 to 15.1, 7.0 to 7.5, 4.8 to 5.8, 2.1 to 3.4 and 57.3 to 58.5, respectively. The energy (k cal/100g), TKW (g), HLW (kg/hL) and grain size (diameter in mm) were ranged from 348.8-357.3, 0.4-0.5 g, 90.8-91.3 and 0.9-1.1, respectively. The amaranth grain species were rich in crude protein, fat and fiber as compared to common cereal grains (sorghum, tef, and rice) and are small in their grains size. The amaranths grain starch amylose studied were ranged from 13.5-35.4%. The grains Na, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg and Zn contents (mg/100g) were ranged from 17.7-24.8, 73.4-175.6, 0.8-1.1, 17.5-32.5, 159.6-201.2, 74.2-123.5 and 2.8-3.5, respectively. There were significant difference (p < 0.05) on the mineral nutrient contents (Ca, Mg and K) among the three amaranth grain species. The amaranth grains can contribute significant Na, Cu, Fe, K, Mg and Zn to human nutrition. The high contents of protein, fat, fiber and mineral nutrients, balanced amino acids, the possibility of squalene a functional compound known to be associated with the amaranth fat contents justifies cultivation of amaranths in Ethiopia to contribute for food security. Studies to incorporate amaranths grains in different traditional Ethiopian foods for the production of nutritious and health supporting foods should be envisaged.

Analysis of phylogenetic relationships and genome size evolution of the Amaranthus genus using GBS indicates the ancestors of an ancient crop

Abstract: The genus Amaranthus consists of 50 to 70 species and harbors several cultivated and weedy species of great economic importance. A small number of suitable traits, phenotypic plasticity, gene flow and hybridization made it difficult to establish the taxonomy and phylogeny of the whole genus despite various studies using molecular markers. We inferred the phylogeny of the Amaranthus genus using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of 94 genebank accessions representing 35 Amaranthus species and measured their genome sizes. SNPs were called by de novo and reference-based methods, for which we used the distant sugarbeet Beta vulgaris and the closely related Amaranthus hypochondriacus as references. SNP counts and proportions of missing data differed between methods, but the resulting phylogenetic trees were highly similar. A distance-based neighbor joing tree of individual accessions and a species tree calculated with the multispecies coalescent supported a previous taxonomic classification into three subgenera although the subgenus A. Acnida consists of two highly differentiated clades. The analysis of the Hybridus complex within the A. Amaranthus subgenus revealed insights on the history of cultivated grain amaranths. The complex includes the three cultivated grain amaranths and their wild relatives and was well separated from other species in the subgenus. Wild and cultivated amaranth accessions did not differentiate according to the species assignment but clustered by their geographic origin from South and Central America. Different geographically separated populations of Amaranthus hybridus appear to be the common ancestors of the three cultivated grain species and A. quitensis might be additionally be involved in the evolution of South American grain amaranth ( A. caudatus ). We also measured genome sizes of the species and observed little variation with the exception of two lineages that showed evidence for a recent polyploidization. With the exception of two lineages, genome sizes are quite similar and indicate that polyploidization did not play a major role in the history of the genus.

Comparison of Chemical Composition and Growth of Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) between Greenhouse and Open Field Systems

Abstract: Amaranth can be cultivated in greenhouses or open fields. The aim of this study was to compare the basic chemical composition and growth parameters of Amaranthus hypochondriacus grown in a greenhouse in comparison to the open field. Each cropping system was assigned an experimental area of 100 m. Cultivation was performed directly in irrigated furrows without fertilizers. The same soil type was used for both cropping systems. Number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, length of seeds, panicle length, biomass and grain yield, grain area, percentage of popped and sprouted grain, and chemical composition were compared. The variables under greenhouse cultivation yielded superior results were grain yield (26.5%), biomass (61.2%), plant height (87.4%), stem diameter (24.3%), number of leaves (2.4%), panicle length (18.4%), percentage of popped grain (2%) and sprouted grain (7%) than field cultivation. Open field cultivation improved protein, fat and ash (9.0%, 17.6% and 43.1%, respectively), and grain size (22.5%) than greenhouse production. Thus, it may be concluded that greenhouse cultivation of A. hypochondriacus crop provides for higher yields, but inferior chemical composition values compared to the open field cultivation system. © 2017 Friends Science Publishers

GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND EVALUATION OF GRAIN AMARANTH (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) GERMPLASM

Abstract: GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND EVALUATION OF GRAIN AMARANTH (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) GERMPLASM

Amaranthus hypochondriacus l pig briquetting biological feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses an amaranthus hypochondriacus l pig briquetting biological feed and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feed processing, wherein the raw materials comprise 800-900 parts of amaranthus hypochondriacus l, 50-200 parts of corn powder, 3-6 parts of edible salt, 10-50 parts of molasses, 0.30-0.40 part of a microbial preparation, and 5-25 parts of water. According to the present invention, by controlling the ratio and the adding order of the raw material components and the mixing fermentation time, the palatability is good, and the obtained feed can be well digested by pigs; and through the pig-biogas-amaranthus hypochondriacus l ecological farming model, the grain saving type pig breeding is developed by completely using the local land resources and the natural conditions to plant the amaranthus hypochondriacus l, such that the glass is converted into the gain, the grain is saved, and the development of the grain-saving ecological pig breeding can be promoted.

Influence of introduction on seed-oil and pulp compositions of cereal varieties of Amaranthus hypochondriacus.

Abstract: Seed oil, pressed oil, and pulp oil from three varieties of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Lera, Gelios, and Khar′kovskii-1, introduced into Uzbekistan were characterized for the first time. The contents of oil in seeds and squalene in pressed oils did not differ significantly. These parameters in the introduced variety Khar′kovskii-1 were slightly less than those in the analogous varieties growing in the Russian Federation (RF). It was found that pressed oils and pulp oils contained different sets of fatty acids (FAs). Pressed oil of the introduced variety Lera differed from that of the analogous European variety by higher contents of monoenoic and lower contents of polyenoic FAs.

Nano feed additive for adjusting metabolism of body fat of duck

Abstract: The invention discloses a nano feed additive for adjusting metabolism of body fat of a duck. The nano feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 40 parts of blood powder, 60 to 70 parts of kelp, 8 to 10 parts of green tea, 6 to 7 parts of liquorice root, 40 to 50 parts of amaranthus hypochondriacus, 4 to 5 parts of table salt, 8 to 9 parts of white sugar, 12 to 18 parts of tartary buckwheat, 30 to 35 parts of stevia rebaudiana, 4 to 5 parts of scallop skirts powder, chitosan, aspergillus oryzae and an appropriate amount of water. After the fermentation, a great amount of macromolecular proteins in the blood powder can be degraded into small molecular proteins, polypeptide and free amino acid. By fermenting the kelp and the salt, not only can bacterial pollution unfavorable for the flavor of a product be inhibited, but also the activity of lactobacillus can be improved. After the amaranthus hypochondriacus is sprouted, the content of the amino acid and the solubility of the protein can be increased, the content of soluble sugar and water-soluble dietary fibers is increased, and the activity of the biological enzyme is activated. The chitosan has an effect for absorbing fat, cholesterol and gall, and after the absorption, the fat, the cholesterol, the gall and the chitosan gel are discharged along with the excrement, so that the digestion of the fat and cholesterol by an organism can be reduced.

Evaluación de tres abonos orgánicos en dos variedades de amaranto (amaranthus spp) originarios de vniissok-rusia para la producción de semilla en el barrio Patutan, provincia Cotopaxi, 2015-2016

Abstract: In the present research the evaluation of three types of organic fertilizers of two varieties of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) originating from VNIISSOK (Russia) for the production of seed. The experimental part of field was realized in a land located in the district Patutan province of Cotopaxi. The specific objectives of the research were to determine the best organic fertilizer for seed production, the variety that is best suited the area and economically evaluate the best treatment. It was a Randomized Full Block Desing with a 2x3 + 2 factorial arrangement; Where the factor A are the varieties of amaranth: Krepish - Don Pedro (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) and factor B were considered organic fertilizers ( Humus liquid, Ecoabonaza, Sugar express 4-10-40) and two control (without fertilizer) , with a total of 8 treatments that were arranged in 3 replicates, and during the whole vegetative period, the morphological parameters were evaluated each month obtaining as final results: emergency days, root length, stem length, Number of leaves, length of panicle, weight of 1000 seeds. In the seed yield the best treatment was evidenced in T1(Krepish – Sugar express) with of 0.21 kg / m2 and T4 (Don Pedro - Ecoabonaza) and with 0.13 kg / m2. According to economic analysis the best treatment was T1 (Krepish - Sugar express 4-10-40) with an economic benefit of field of 4425.65 USD per hectare, while treatment T5 (Don Pedro - Ecoabonaza) the profit of 2136.55 USD. From the results it is concluded that the action of the organic fertilizer Sugar express and its influence on the biometric parameters evaluated is the most effective.

Varying water deficit stress (WDS) tolerance in grain amaranths involves multifactorial shifts in WDS-related responses

Abstract: In this study, water deficit stress (WDS)-tolerance in several cultivars of grain amaranth species (Amaranthus hypochondriacus [Ahypo], A. cruentus [Acru] and A. caudatus [Acau]), in addition to A. hybridus (Ahyb), an ancestral amaranth, was examined. Ahypo was the most WDS-tolerant species, whereas Acau and Ahyb were WDS-sensitive. Data revealed that the differential WDS tolerance observed was multifactorial. It involved increased proline and raffinose (Raf) in leaves and/or roots. Higher foliar Raf coincided with induced Galactinol synthase 1 (AhGolS1) and Raffinose synthase (AhRafS) expression. Unknown compounds, possibly larger RFOs, also accumulated in leaves of WDS-tolerant amaranths, which had high Raf/Verbascose ratios. Distinct nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation patterns were observed in tolerant species under WDS and recovery, such as: i) high Hex/Suc ratios in roots coupled to increased cell wall and vacuolar invertase and sucrose synthase activities; ii) a severer depletion of starch reserves; iii) lower NSC content in leaves, and iv) higher basal hexose levels in roots which further increased under WDS. WDS-marker gene expression patterns proposed a link between amaranth's WDS tolerance and abscisic acid-dependent signaling. Results obtained also suggest that AhTRE, AhTPS9, AhTPS11, AhGolS1 and AhRafS are reliable gene markers of WDS tolerance in amaranth.

Amaranthus hypochondriacus and horseradish tree leaf high-nutrition purple sweet potato jelly and preparation method thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses Amaranthus hypochondriacus and horseradish tree leaf high-nutrition purple sweet potato jelly, which is composed of the following raw materials (by weight): 70-80 parts of purple sweet potato, 10-12 parts of carrot, 6-8 parts of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, 10-14 parts of horseradish tree leaf, 8-10 parts of desiccated coconut, 3-5 parts of ganoderma spore, 4-7 parts of black garlic, 6-9 parts of germinated brown rice, 5-7 parts of wolfberry, 4-6 parts of enzymatic beef powder, 3-4 parts of pine pollen, 15-20 parts of white granulated powder, 0.2-0.4 part of citric acid, 1.5-2.5 parts of sodium alginate, 0.3-0.5 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, a proper amount of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, a proper amount of Streptococcus thermophilus and a proper amount of sodium carbonate. Lactic acid fermentation is carried out by adding calcium hydrogen phosphate into mixed liquor of raw materials such as sodium alginate, purple sweet potato and the like, and lactic acid produced during the fermentation process reacts with calcium hydrogen phosphate. Then, the gel-state jelly with strong elasticity and toughness is formed. The added Amaranthus hypochondriacus and the like contain rich nutrient elements such as protein, mineral matter and the like, thus increasing nutritive value of the jelly.

Quality of Amaranthus (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) and soil properties influenced by irrigation scheduling based on critical growth stages and levels of iron

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of Irrigation Scheduling based on critical growth stages and Fe levels on the quality of Amaranthus (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) during rabi season of the year 2012-13 at Tribal Research Cum Training Centre Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Devgadhbaria, Dist.-Dahod. Sixteen treatment combinations comprising of four irrigations (I1:- irrigation at branching stage, I2:-branching + Flowering stage, I3:-branching + Flowering + Grain formation stage and I4:- 0.8 IW: CPE) and four levels of iron (F0:- 0 kg ha-1, F1:-10 kg ha-1, F2:- 0.5 % FeSO4 and F3:- 5 kg ha-1 + 0.5 % FeSO4) were tried under split plot design with four replications. Irrigation scheduling did not significant influence on soil pH, EC, Organic Carbon, available P2O5, available K2O, available Fe and protein content, Fe content in grain. 0.8 IW: CPE recorded significantly higher Fe uptake which was remained at par with irrigation at branching + Flowering + Grain formation stage. Water use efficiency higher by irrigation at branching stage which was remained at par with irrigation at branching + Flowering stage and branching + Flowering + Grain formation stage. Iron levels had not significant differences in soil pH, EC, Organic Carbon, available P2O5, available K2O, available Fe, Fe content in grain, Fe uptake by grain, protein content.

Duck nano feed additive for increasing production performance

Abstract: The invention discloses a duck nano feed additive for increasing the production performance The duck nano feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 40 parts of blood powder, 60 to 70 parts of sea weed, 8 to 10 parts of green tea, 6 to 7 parts of liquorice root, 40 to 50 parts of amaranthus hypochondriacus, 4 to 5 parts of salt, 8 to 9 parts of white sugar, 8 to 12 parts of fish, 5 to 8 parts of egg white, 10 to 12 parts of coconut meal, 20 to 25 parts of peanut sprouts and a proper amount of aspergillus oryzae and water After fermentation, a large amount of macromolecular protein in the blood powder can be degraded into micromolecular protein, polypeptides and free amino acids; through fermentation of the sea weed with the salt, not only can pollution of all infectious microbes which are not beneficial to the flavor of a product be inhibited, but also the vitality of lactic acid bacteria can be increased; through sprouting of the amaranthus hypochondriacus, the content of amino acid and the dissolvability of protein are increased, the contents of soluble sugar and water-soluble dietary fiber are increased, and the activity of biological enzyme is activated The duck nano feed additive for increasing the production performance, disclosed by the invention, is beneficial for maintaining the stability of an intestinal microflora and can be used for improving the palatability of feed, stimulating the feed intake, increasing the digestibility and the utilization rate of nutrient substances in the feed and increasing the production performance

Brown rice crisp chips and production method thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses brown rice crisp chips and a production method thereof The method comprises the following steps: crushing brown rice and amaranthus hypochondriacus to obtain brown rice powder and amaranthus hypochondriacus powder; weighing the brown rice powder and amaranthus hypochondriacus powder in proportion, adding the salt, sugar and an additive with corresponding proportions, uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain raw material powder; performing extrusion moulding on the raw material powder and cutting for granulation to obtain the brown rice grains; tabletting the brown rice grains for molding to obtain the brown rice chips; baking the brown rice chips to obtain the brown rice crisp chips; seasoning the brown rice crisp chips by spraying; and cooling the brown rice crisp chips and packaging the brown rice crisp chips The brown rice crisp chips take brown rice as a main raw material, amaranthus hypochondriacus enriching lysine is assisted, then the instant brown rice crisp chips are produced, a brown rice eating mode is changed, the eating mouthfeel of the brown rice is improved, and the effect for convenient eating and balanced nutrition can be achieved

Nanometer feed additive for ducks prepared from microwave-extracted black fungus polysaccharides

Abstract: The invention discloses a nanometer feed additive for ducks prepared from microwave-extracted black fungus polysaccharides. The nanometer feed additive for the ducks prepared from the microwave-extracted black fungus polysaccharides is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of blood meal, 60-70 parts of kelp, 8-10 part of green tea, 6-7 parts of liquorice roots, 40-50 parts of amaranthus hypochondriacus, 4-5 parts of edible salt, 8-9 parts of white sugar, 25-30 parts of black fungi, 4-5 parts of walnut kernels, 10-12 parts of winter gourd flesh, 15-20 parts of mulberry leaves, an appropriate amount of aspergillus oryzae, and an appropriate amount of water. A large amount of macromolecular proteins in the blood meal can be degraded into small-molecular proteins, polypeptides and free amino acids by carrying out fermentation. Various miscellaneous-bacterium contaminations, which are adverse to product flavor, are inhibited by carrying out fermentation on the kelp with the edible salt; moreover, the activities of lactic acid bacteria are also improved thereby. The amaranthus hypochondriacus is germinated, so that the amino acid content and the protein solubility thereof are improved; moreover, the contents of soluble sugar and water-soluble dietary fiber are increased, and the biological enzyme activities are activated. The nanometer feed additive for ducks is capable of promoting intestinal microbial balance and intestinal health, improving digestive and absorptive functions, promoting healthy growth of the body, and raising digestibility and utilization rates of the nutrients in the feeds.

Bacteriostatic and anti-virus nanometer feed additive for duck

Abstract: The invention discloses a bacteriostatic and anti-virus nanometer feed additive for a duck. The feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of dried blood, 50-70 parts of kelp, 8-10 parts of green tea, 6-7 parts of liquorice root, 40-50 parts of amaranthus hypochondriacus, 4-5 parts of table salt, 8-9 parts of white sugar, 15-20 parts of pumpkin seed, 30-35 parts of gulfweed powder, 7-9 parts of lemon leaf, 3-4 parts of medical stone powder, aspergillus oryzae and an appropriate amount of water. High molecular proteins in the dried blood are degraded into small molecular proteins, polypeptide and free amino acid after fermentation, the kelp and the table salt not only can inhibit the living contaminants bad for product flavor after the fermentation, but also can improve the activity of lactic acid bacteria; the amino acid content and the protein solubility of the amaranthus hypochondriacus are improved after the germination, the soluble sugar and the water-soluble dietary fiber content are improved, and the activity of the bioenzyme is activated. The feed additive disclosed by the invention has a good antibacterial property, is capable of oxidizing with multiple organic substances, thereby killing the bacteria; the feed additive is capable of adsorbing harmful substances in the feed and killing the same, thereby reducing the residue of the harmful substance in the livestock product.

Method of producing extract of amaranth with antioxidant activity

Abstract: FIELD: pharmaceutics.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pharmaceutical industry and concerns method of producing extract with antioxidant activity of Amaranth. Method involves settling of ground plant material with extractant, wherein used plant raw material is air-dry green mass of Amaranthus albus L (Amaranth white) or mixture of Amaranthus albus L. (Amaranth white), Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. (Amaranth red), Amaranthus paniculatus (Amaranth crimson), taken in equal portions, which is ground to 0.2–0.7 mm, mixed with extractant under certain conditions.EFFECT: agent prepared as described above is effective antioxidant.1 cl, 4 dwg, 2 tbl

Amaranthus hypochondriacus tribute cake and preparation method thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses amaranthus hypochondriacus tribute cake, which is prepared from the following ingredients in parts by weight: 82 to 83 parts of high-quality sticky rice, 46 to 47 parts of amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds, 11 to 12 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 0.6 to 0.7 part of pigments from chestnut shells, 11 to 12 parts of red jujube dietary fiber, 3 to 4 parts of konjac glucosans, 3 to 4 parts of hydrogen peroxide alkaline, 17 to 18 parts of sesame oil, 2 to 3 parts of mannitol ester and a proper amount of water. The amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds and the high-quality sticky rice are combined for preparing the tribute cake; on one hand, the characteristic of small starch particles of the amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds is fully utilized, and the mouthfeel of the tribute cake is improved; on the other hand, the nutrition of a product is enhanced by sufficiently using the nutrition ingredients of the amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds; in addition, through the use of the red jujube dietary fiber and nutrition silks prepared by the red jujube dietary fiber, the product achieves a good coloring effect, good anti-oxidization capability and good health care efficacies. Compared with conventional tribute cake, the tribute cake provided by the invention has the advantages that the mouthfeel is finer; the nutrition is richer.

Duck nano feed additive for improving body metabolism

Abstract: The invention discloses a duck nano feed additive for improving body metabolism. The duck nano feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of blood powder, 60-70 parts of kelp, 8-10 parts of green tea, 6-7 parts of liquorice, 40-50 parts of amaranthus hypochondriacus, 4-5 parts of salt, 8-9 parts of white sugar, 7-8 parts of vigna angularis, 5-7 parts of eucommia ulmoides leaves, 30-35 parts of rice sprout, 9-13 parts of cocoa powder and appropriate aspergillus oryzae and water. After fermentation, a large quantity of macromolecular proteins in the blood powder can be degraded into micromolecular protein, polypeptide and free amino acid. By fermenting the kelp and salt, various mixed fungi pollutions causing an adverse effect on the product flavor can be inhibited, and the vigor of lactic acid bacteria can be enhanced. After germination of the amaranthus hypochondriacus, the amino acid content and protein solubility are increased, the content of soluble sugar and water-soluble dietary fiber is raised, and the biological enzyme is activated. In the invention, the disease resistance of livestock and poultry is enhanced, the cholesterol metabolism and the animal lipid metabolism and protein synthesis are promoted, and the yield and quality of livestock and poultry are improved; and the feed with the additive has richer taste and better fragrance, and the additive is well received by farmers.

Blood-fat reducing cake containing Amaranthus hypochondriacus

Abstract: The invention discloses a blood-fat reducing cake containing Amaranthus hypochondriacus. The cake is prepared from raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 40-50 parts of sorghum flour, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 5-7 parts of mung beans, 3-5 parts of onions, 1-2 parts of ginger, 1-2 parts of table salt, 2-4 parts of vegetable oil, 1-2 parts of butter, 0.1-0.2 parts of xylitol, 0.1-0.2 parts of monosodium glutamate, 4-6 parts of fresh milk, 1-2 parts of butter, 1-2 parts of red yeast rice flour, 1-1.5 parts of flower buds of prunus mume, 0.3-0.5 parts of the Amaranthus hypochondriacus, 1-2 parts of asparagus, 1-2 parts of tatarian aster roots, 0.1-0.2 parts of eclipta, 70-90 parts of low-gluten flour, 2-4 parts of edible salt, 1-2 parts of yeast powder, 0.1-0.2 parts of carrageenan and 0.1-0.2 parts of pullulan.