Showing papers on "Angular aperture published in 2009"

Imaging lens unit

Abstract: The present invention provides an imaging lens unit configured to be processed by the solder reflow process, can be miniaturized, and has sufficient thermal resistance for the reflow temperatures. The imaging lens unit also provides excellent optical characteristics such as transmissivity, a refractive index, and the like without deteriorating the optical characteristics in alignment of the centers of the lens and the diaphragm even after the reflow process, so as to contribute to reduction in the size and an increase in the capabilities. The imaging lens unit is configured to be processed by a solder reflow process, and includes a lens group consisting of one or more lenses; and a lens tube that supports the lens group, wherein the imaging lens unit comprises one or more cationically-cured epoxy resin lenses formed from an cationically-curable epoxy resin material, the lens tube is formed from a thermoplastic resin material having a deflection temperature under load of not lower than 200° C., and the imaging lens unit has a clearance between the lens tube and at least one of the cationically-cured epoxy resin lenses and has lens supporting portions that are provided at at least three locations inside the lens tube and that support the at least one cationically-cured epoxy resin lens.

Subsurface microscopy of integrated circuits with angular spectrum and polarization control

Abstract: We investigate the effect of an annular pupil-plane aperture in confocal imaging while using an NA increasing lens. We show that focal spot shape is highly sensitive to both polarization and angular spectrum of the incoming light. We demonstrate a lateral spatial resolution of 145 nm (λ0/9) in the direction perpendicular to the polarization direction.

Resonant Transmission of an Electrically Small Aperture with a Ridge

Abstract: A resonant transmission of an electrically small aperture with a ridge in a conducting plane is analyzed. It is an example of resonant transmission and the ridge inserted at the center line of the electrically small aperture resonates it by increasing an equivalent capacitance of the aperture. At resonance condition, the transmitted power through the aperture can be significantly enhanced compared to that at off-resonance. It is found that the transmitted power at the resonance condition converges to the transmission cross section of the aperture regardless of its size or shape. In addition, the electric and the magnetic fields distributions on the aperture with and without the ridge are compared to facilitate the understanding of the resonant behavior.

Imaging lens and image pickup device

Abstract: An imaging lens includes in order from an object side, a stop and a first lens to a fourth lens. Both the surfaces of a third lens have surfaces including at least one inflection point, and an inclination of each surface at the terminal end part of a periphery within an effective diameter collapses toward the image side. And 0.1 25, 0.4

Image pickup lens and image pickup apparatus

Abstract: An image pickup lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, an aperture stop, a first lens element having a positive refractive power, a second lens element having a negative refractive power and a biconcave shape, a third lens element having a positive refractive power and a meniscus shape whose concave surface faces the object side, and a fourth lens element having a negative refractive power. In the image pickup lens, the following conditional expressions are satisfied, 0.20< f/|f 2 |<0.9 ν d 1−ν d 2 >25 where f denotes the focal length of the entire lens system, f 2 denotes the focal length of the second lens element, νd 1 denotes the Abbe number of the first lens element, and νd 2 denotes the Abbe number of the second lens element.

Multi-beam lens-reflector for satellite communications: Construction issues and ground plane effects

Abstract: A two-layer hemispherical lens is reported which, combined with a ground plane, comprises the focusing aperture in a multi-beam scanning antenna. The 61 cm diameter lens was fabricated from polyethylene and polystyrene dielectrics. The finite ground plane introduces a scanning loss since its truncation effectively reduces the aperture area: the effect becomes significant at low elevation angles. This scanning loss was investigated from a theory for the aperture plane distribution; measurements with the lens; and numerical modeling using the commercial solver FEKO. The lens gain is 35.5 dBi at 11.5 GHz, equivalent to a dish of similar area.

Imaging lens and imaging apparatus

Abstract: An imaging lens includes in order from an object side: a first lens including a positive lens having a convex surface directed to the object side; a stop; a second lens including a positive lens having a convex surface directed to an image side; a third lens including a negative meniscus lens with a concave surface directed to the object side; and a fourth lens including, near an optical axis, a positive meniscus shape with a convex surface directed to the object side. An air space between the second lens and the third lens is smaller in a periphery than near the optical axis. And f 1 >f 2 >|f 3 | and 1.0

Antenna aperture and imaging resolution of synthetic aperture imaging ladar

Abstract: In this paper, the azimuth imaging resolutions of synthetic aperture imaging ladar (SAIL) using the antenna telescopes with a circular aperture for reception and a circular plan or a Gaussian beam for transmitting and with a rectangular aperture for reception and a rectangular plane or an elliptic Gaussian beam for transmitting are investigated. The analytic expressions of impulse response for imaging are achieved. The ideal azimuth spot of resolution and its degradation due to the target deviation from the footprint center, the mismatch from the quadratic phase matched filtering, the finite sampling rate and width are discussed. And the range resolution is also studied. Mathematical criteria are all given. As a conclusion, the telescope of rectangular aperture can provide a rectangular footprint more suitable for the SAIL scanning format, and an optimal design of aperture is thus possible for both a high resolution and a wide scan strip. Moreover, an explanation to the resulted azimuth resolution from our laboratory-scaled SAIL is given to verify the developed theory.

Imaging device with focus offset compensation

Abstract: An imaging device comprises a lens barrel having a lens opening, and a lens positioned in the lens opening of the lens barrel, the lens having an optical center, a focal length F, an aperture diameter D, and an aperture number F N =F/D. An image sensor comprises an array of light sensing pixels that each have a dimension P, the sensor spaced apart a distance S from the optical center of the lens such that a focus offset gap X=F−S. The pixel dimension P and aperture number F N are selected such that 2·P·F N ≧X.

Photo-detector and method of measuring light

Abstract: Proposed is a light sensor (1), comprising at least one wavelength selective photo-detector (10), a lens (20) and an aperture (30)The wavelength selective photo-detector allows detecting light within a predefined wavelength rangefalling on the sensor The lens project light on the photo-detector and the aperture defines a field of view of the light sensor The photo-detector (10), the lens (20), and the aperture (30) are arranged in a telecentric configuration Advantageously, this allows light to impinge on the wavelength selective photo-detector within a predefined range of angles irrespective of the direction of the light incident on the aperture, thus removing the angle dependent response of the wavelength selective photo-detector

Phase retrieval from a high-numerical-aperture intensity distribution by use of an aperture-array filter

Abstract: Almost all noninterferometric phase-retrieval methods used in coherent diffractive imaging have been based on the measurement system with low numerical aperture, in which Fresnel or Fraunhofer approximation is valid to express the wave propagation between an object and a detector. In microscopy, which is a typical application of coherent diffractive imaging, the measurement of the diffraction intensity with high numerical aperture is required for object reconstruction at high spatial resolution. We here propose an extension procedure to apply the previous phase-retrieval method using an aperture-array filter [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A25, 742 (2008)] to the system with high numerical aperture, in which the first Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral for spherical waves is utilized instead of the Fresnel integral for parabolic waves. Computer-simulated examples in the high-numerical-aperture system demonstrate object reconstruction at high lateral resolution and retrieval of information in the depth direction of an object.

Formation of speckle images formed for diffusers illuminated by modulated apertures (circular obstruction)

Abstract: An amplitude modulation of circular aperture is used for the illumination of a numerical object having a randomly distributed function. In this study, a central obstruction for the aperture is assumed. The modulated speckle image is obtained using the MATLAB program and compared with that obtained in the case of an uniform circular aperture for the illumination. We have considered coherent illumination obtained from a laser beam in order to facilitate the computation of the Fourier transform of the defined computed speckle intensity corresponding to this novel aperture. Finally, the autocorrelation function of the randomly distributed object is calculated in all cases.

Small projection lens and projection display using the same

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small projection lens adapted to a projection display excellent in portability, set to have a wide angle so that image size is large even in short-distance projection, and having excellent projection performance, and also to provide a projection display using the same. SOLUTION: The small projection lens icnludes: a first lens L 1 comprising a biconvex lens; an aperture 3a and a diaphragm (or an aperture) 3b; a second lens L 2 comprising a negative meniscus lens having a concave surface facing a magnification side; a third lens L 3 comprising a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing a reduction side; and a fourth lens L4 comprising a biconvex lens having aspheric surfaces ont both sides on an optical axis Z, arranged in this order from the magnification side. The minimum portion of the length of all lens elements of the small projection lens in a diametric direction vertical to the optical axis is set to be equal to or less than 15 mm, and the small projection lens satisfies the following conditional expression: 2.5 COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Lighting Device with Variable Angle of Emission

Abstract: A lighting device with variable angle of emission includes a light source, and a lens system comprising two lenses, a primary lens and a secondary lens. The two lenses and the light source are arranged along an optical axis and the distance between the primary lens and the secondary lens is variable, in order to vary the angle of emission of the cone of light rays generated by the lighting device. In one example, the primary lens has a numerical aperture of at least 0.7, the primary lens is an aplanat, and the secondary lens is designed so as to image to infinity, at a certain distance of the secondary lens from the primary lens, a virtual image of the light source generated by the primary lens. According to a second aspect, the illumination factors are distinguished by the fact that the primary lens has a numerical aperture of at least 0.7, and that the secondary lens may be moved by a distance extending in a range in which the secondary lens does not capture the whole of the cone of light rays generated by the primary lens.

Small projection lens and projection display device using the same

Abstract: A small projection lens includes a first lens, which is a biconvex lens, an aperture, an aperture diaphragm (or an aperture), a second lens, which is a negative meniscus lens having a concave surface facing a magnification side, a third lens, which is a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing a reduction side, and a fourth lens, which is a biconvex lens having aspheric surfaces at both sides on an optical axis, arranged in this order from the magnification side A minimum portion of the length of all lens elements of the small projection lens in a diametric direction vertical to the optical axis is equal to or less than 15 mm, and the small projection lens satisfies the following conditional expression: 25<β/S<100 (where S indicates the maximum length of a magnification-side image (inch) and β indicates a magnifying power)

Imaging lens and imaging device using the lens

Abstract: The present invention provides an imaging lens composed of three lenses that can be made compact (downsized, thinned), allows a reduction in cost and can be made compatible with a high pixel imaging element having a megapixel or more incorporated in a small mobile product such as a mobile phone. The imaging lens 6 includes, in order from the object side to the image surface side: an aperture stop 4; a first lens 1 having positive refractive power whose lens surface facing the image surface side is provided with a diffractive optical element; a second lens 2 composed of a meniscus lens having positive refractive power whose lens surface facing the image surface side is convex; a third lens 3 having negative refractive power. When f denotes the focal length of the entire optical system, f1 denotes the focal length of the first lens 1, f2 denotes the focal length of the second lens 2, f3 denotes the focal length of the third lens 3 and φDOE denotes refractive power of the diffractive optical element, conditional expressions (1) to (4) are satisfied: 0.9

Micro Ring Grating Spectrometer with Adjustable Aperture

Abstract: A spectrometer includes a micro-ring grating device having coaxially-aligned ring gratings for diffracting incident light onto a target focal point, a detection device for detecting light intensity, one or more actuators, and an adjustable aperture device defining a circular aperture. The aperture circumscribes a target focal point, and directs a light to the detection device. The aperture device is selectively adjustable using the actuators to select a portion of a frequency band for transmission to the detection device. A method of detecting intensity of a selected band of incident light includes directing incident light onto coaxially-aligned ring gratings of a micro-ring grating device, and diffracting the selected band onto a target focal point using the ring gratings. The method includes using an actuator to adjust an aperture device and pass a selected portion of the frequency band to a detection device for measuring the intensity of the selected portion.

Continuous Numerical Aperture Properties of a Cylindrically Polarized Light Illuminated Sub-wavelength Annular Aperture

Abstract: We investigated the process of focusing a radially polarized (RP) light beam through a sub-wavelength annular aperture (SAA). We found that the result was a non-diffraction doughnut-shaped light beam which propagates in free space. After analyzing the electric field component of the focus generated by the SAA structure, we identified the relationship between the focal field generated by the SAA. We then compared it to a case with a traditional objective lens. From our findings, we propose that a SAA structure can be viewed as a continuous numerical aperture optical element.

Light projecting device and sensor

Abstract: An aperture angle beam (11) is emitted from a light emitting point (P), is refracted by a hemisphere surface (212a) of a lens (212), and reaches an incident end surface (180a) at an angle (θ3) equal to the aperture angle of a light-projecting side optical fiber (180) with respect to an axis (X2) parallel to an optical axis (X). An outer edge beam (12) is emitted from the light emitting point (P) and reaches an outer edge portion (184) of a core region (180b) via the lens (212). The arrangement of a light emitting surface (162a), the lens (212), and the light projecting side optical fiber (180), and the refractive power of the lens (212) are selected so that the aperture angle beam (11) reaches within the core region (180b), or so that an angle (θ3') of when the outer edge beam (12) has reached the outer edge portion (184) of the core region (180b) becomes not more than the aperture angle.

Optical apparatus and method for measuring the attitude of an object in outer space

Abstract: An optical apparatus and method for measuring the attitude of an object in outer space includes an optical system having an aperture to receive optical radiation and a focal plane to image the optical radiation and an aperture-sharing element attached to the optical element and at least partially surrounding an optical path into the aperture. The aperture-sharing element directs optical radiation from a field of view of the aperture-sharing element to a corresponding first portion of the focal plane to provide multi-axis stellar attitude measurements, and the aperture receives optical radiation along the optical path into the aperture and directs the optical radiation to a second portion of the focal plane.

Printing unit of a printing press, comprising at least two frame parts, the position of which relative to one another can be changed

Abstract: A printing unit of a printing press is comprised of at least two frame parts, the position of at least one of which, relative to the other, can be changed. Cooperating ones of these frame parts are placed against each other along a common joining surface, in a first operational position. These frame parts are separated from each other in a second operational position. An interstice, that is partly defined by these frame parts, is formed between the separated frame parts in the printing unit. At least one of the cooperating frame parts is supported so that it is movable along an adjustment path. At least one sensor is provided and is usable to monitor the interstice. The sensor has orientation characteristics or a sensory range along the joining surface. An aperture width of a first angular aperture of the orientation characteristics or of the sensory range is smaller than a respective aperture width of a second or third angular aperture of the orientation characteristic or sensory range. The aperture width of the first angular aperture of the orientation characteristic or the sensory range is oriented parallel to the adjustment path of the movable frame path. The aperture width of the second angular aperture of the orientation characteristic or the sensory range is oriented in an axial direction of at least one printing group cylinder which is mounted on the movable frame panel. An aperture width of the third angular aperture of the orientation characteristic or the sensory range is oriented in the direction of a height of the movable frame panel.

Small-diameter objective optical system

Abstract: Reducing the outer diameter and effectively correcting various aberrations realizes a small-diameter objective optical system suitable for in vivo observation with a high numerical aperture. The invention provides a small-diameter objective optical system comprising, in order from an object plane a first lens group with positive refractive power, including at least one plano-convex lens whose convex surface faces an image plane; a second lens group with positive refractive power, including at least one concave lens; and a third lens group including a cemented lens of which a cemented surface has negative refractive power. The focal length of the third lens group is larger than the focal length of the first lens group.

Zoom lens and image pickup apparatus equipped with same

Abstract: A zoom lens has a negative object side lens unit (or first lens unit G 1 ), a positive image side lens unit (or third lens unit G 3 ), a positive intermediate lens unit (or second lens unit G 2 ), and an aperture stop. The distance between the object side lens unit and the intermediate lens unit is smaller at the telephoto end than at the wide angle end, the distance between the intermediate lens unit and the image side lens unit is larger at the telephoto end than at the wide angle end, the intermediate lens unit moves in such a way that it is located closer to the object side at the telephoto end than at the wide angle end, the image side lens unit moves in such a way that it is located closer to the image side at the telephoto end than at the wide angle end, the aperture stop moves integrally with the intermediate lens unit. The image side lens unit is composed of two lens component including a front lens component and a positive rear lens component arranged in the mentioned order from the object side. The absolute value of the paraxial radius of curvature of the image side lens surface of the front lens component is smaller than the absolute value of the paraxial radius of curvature of the object side surface of the rear lens component.

Optical pickup device and objective lens unit

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an optical pickup device which can properly record/reproduce information to/from an optical disk having a plurality of information recording layers, and to provide an objective lens unit. SOLUTION: An opening limiting element AP is arranged more on an optical disk side than the surface vertex P of an objective lens OL. Then, NA1≈NA0≈NA2 is attained, so that a change in a numerical aperture can be suppressed, when the numerical aperture is defined as NA0 when a parallel luminous flux indicated by a solid line is made incident on the object lens OL, the numerical aperture as NA1 when diverging light indicated by a dotted line is made incident, and the numerical aperture as NA2 when converging light indicated by a chain line is made incident. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Illumination lens for illumination of object field of projection lens of illumination system for extreme UV-projection microlithography during manufacturing e.g. nano structured component, has aperture shading distribution of facets

Abstract: The lens (4) has a pupil facet mirror (17) arranged in a level of the lens, which coincides with a pupil level of a projection lens (7). An aperture device (23) is provided with a correction aperture (24), which is arranged in a radiation path of an illumination light (10) adjacent to pupil facets for reflection. The aperture is formed such that the aperture shades a predetermined distribution of multiple pupil facets for remote field distribution of a light source (3) of a projection illumination system (1) on the facet mirror, where the source provides the illumination light. The light source is designed as a laser produced plasma-source and a discharge produced plasma-source. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method for manufacturing micro-or nano structured components (2) a method for correction of an illumination parameter of illumination of the object field of a projection illumination system.