Showing papers on "Aphasia published in 1987"
Book•
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: The role of the Phoneme-to-grapheme conversion system and of the Graphemic Output Buffer in writing was discussed by Miller and Ellis in this article.
Abstract: Preface. 1 Max Coltheart Functional Architecture of the Language-Processing System 2 David Howard Reading Without Letters? 3 Giuseppe Sartori, Jacqueline Masterson and Remo Job Direct-Route Reading and the Locus of Lexical Decision 4 Daniel Bub, Sandra Black, Janice Howell and Andrew Kertesz Speech Output Processes and Reading 5 Tim Shallice Impairments of Semantic Processing: Multiple Dissociations 6 David Caplan Contrasting Patterns of Sentence Comprehension Deficits in Aphasia 7 Lorraine K. Tyler Spoken Language Comprehension in Aphasia: A Real-Time Processing Perspective 8 Myrna F. Schwartz Patterns of Speech Production Deficit Within and Across Aphasia Syndromes: Application of a Psycholinguistic Model 9 Domenico Parisi Grammatical Disturbances of Speech Production 10 Rita Sloan Berndt Symptom Co-occurrence and Dissociation in the Interpretation of Agrammatism 11 Gabriele Miceli, Maria Caterina Silveri and Alfonso Caramazza The Role of the Phoneme-to-Grapheme Conversion System and of the Graphemic Output Buffer in Writing 12 Diane Miller and Andrew W. Ellis Speech and Writing Errors in 'Neologistic Jargonaphasia': A Lexical Activation Hypothesis 13 Karalyn Patterson and Christina Shewell Speak and Spell: Dissociations and Word-Class Effects 14 Helgard Kremin Is There More Than Ah-oh-oh? Alternative Strategies for Writing and Repeating Lexically 15 Gianfranco Denes, Sandra Balliello, Virginia Volterra and Andrea Pellegrini Phonemic Deafness in Infancy and Acquisition of Written Language 16 Philip H.K. Seymour Developmental Dyslexia: A Cognitive Experimental Analysis 17 Andrew W. Ellis Intimations of Modularity, or, the Modelarity of Mind: Doing Cognitive Neuropsychology Without Syndromes. Index
346 citations
TL;DR: In a longitudinal prospective study of dementia, 158 patients were investigated post mortem and the typical clinical picture was that of a slowly progressive dementia, at an early stage dominated by personality change, lack of insight, disinhibition, and later on stereotypy and increased apathy.
337 citations
TL;DR: The aphasia profiles of 19 cases with subcortical infarction or haemorrhage showed several components of the aphasic syndromes, especially sentence length and grammatical form, ease of speech initiation, articulation, voice volume, and auditory comprehension were individually isolated for correlation with CT lesion site.
Abstract: We have analysed the aphasia profiles of 19 cases with subcortical infarction or haemorrhage. Several components of the aphasic syndromes, especially sentence length and grammatical form (together compromising fluency), ease of speech initiation, articulation, voice volume, and auditory comprehension, were individually isolated for correlation with CT lesion site. Each component had a specific lesion site correlation, and lesions in various deep periventricular white matter regions were the critical ones for all components of aphasia. Simple tabulation of lesions as cortical or subcortical, and restricting analysis to lesions of basal ganglia would both have proved inadequate to account for clinical findings. A review of 61 subcortical cases in the neurological literature for which CT and aphasia data were available supports these conclusions.
319 citations
01 Jan 1987
286 citations
TL;DR: A detailed cognitive neuropsychological investigation of the patient's ability to name objects to confrontation was carried out in an attempt to determine where his cognitive deficits might lie, suggesting that his problems in word-finding were not semantically based.
Abstract: The case of a neurological patient with severe anomic word-finding difficulties is reported. A detailed cognitive neuropsychological investigation of the patient's ability to name objects to confrontation was carried out in an attempt to determine where his cognitive deficits might lie. In contrast to the findings of recent case studies of word-finding difficulty (e.g., Howard and Orchard-Lisle, 1984), it was observed that the patient seemed to have a clear understanding of the items that he was trying to name, suggesting that his problems in word-finding were not semantically based. Indeed, the patient would often generate partial phonological information about the sought-after word, indicating that he had a specific target in mind, and this was reminiscent of 'tip-of-the-tongue' states in normal word-finding. A difficulty in retrieving complete phonological forms of words is considered as the probable locus of his anomia. A distinction is made between semantically-based and phonologically-based anomias.
268 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that major cortical derangement is the crucial factor for the appearance of aphasia or neglect after a subcortical stroke.
Abstract: Sixteen patients with unilateral subcortical haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke, confirmed by CT, were evaluated for the presence of aphasia and neglect. Compared with patients without neuropsychological deficits, left brain-damaged aphasic and right brain-damaged neglect patients showed a significantly greater reduction of cortical perfusion on N,N,N1-trimethyl-N1-(2)-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(I-123) iodobenzyl-1,3-propanediamine 2 HCl I-123 (HIPDM) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). These results suggest that major cortical derangement is the crucial factor for the appearance of aphasia or neglect after a subcortical stroke. These remote effects, which are related to the size of the subcortical lesion, are interpreted in terms of interruption of neural connections (diaschisis).
208 citations
TL;DR: Stuck-in-set perseveration was associated with dopamine system dysfunction, and continuous perseveration with right hemisphere damage, and a theory of perseveration dependent on anatomic, neuropsychological, and pharmacologic factors related to cerebral dominance was proposed.
Abstract: We tested a new taxonomy of perseverative behavior consisting of three categories: (1) repetition of a previous response to a subsequent stimulus (recurrent), (2) inappropriate maintenance of a category of activity (stuck-in-set), and (3) abnormal prolongation of a current activity (continuous). Three groups of neurologically impaired subjects (with aphasia, right hemisphere damage, and Parkinson's disease) were administered tests to elicit each category of perseveration. Patients with aphasia produced significantly more recurrent perseveration than did patients with right hemisphere damage or healthy controls. Stuck-in-set perseveration was associated with dopamine system dysfunction, and continuous perseveration with right hemisphere damage. We propose a theory of perseveration dependent on anatomic, neuropsychological, and pharmacologic factors related to cerebral dominance. According to this theory, disruption of specific anatomic and pharmacologic systems produces different forms of perseveration which, in turn, underlie particular neurobehavioral disorders.
191 citations
TL;DR: Wernicke's and Broca's aphasics performed a lexical decision task wherein they had to decide whether the third word of an auditorily presented triplet series of words was "real" or not, and showed selective access to different meanings of the ambiguous words.
177 citations
TL;DR: The results support the inclusion of a language deficit as a diagnostic criterion of Alzheimer's disease and the language disorder exhibited resembled a transcortical sensory aphasia.
176 citations
TL;DR: Testing with Wernicke's aphasics, anomics, and some additional age-matched controls suggested that the selective vulnerability of morphology is not specific to agrammatic patients, at least in this paradigm.
172 citations
TL;DR: Two patients with the syndrome of progressive aphasia without evidence of generalized dementia showed a focal spongiform change involving primarily layer 2 of the left inferior frontal gyrus and a mild astrocytosis in layer 2 and deeper cortical layers.
Abstract: Two patients with the syndrome of progressive aphasia without evidence of generalized dementia underwent postmortem neuropathological examinations. In both patients, characteristic changes of Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, or Creutzfeldt—Jakob disease were absent. Both patients showed a focal spongiform change involving primarily layer 2 of the left inferior frontal gyrus (and temporal cortex in Patient 1) and a mild astrocytosis in layer 2 and deeper cortical layers. This focal, spongiform cortical degeneration in patients with progressive aphasia does not appear to duplicate any known central nervous system degenerative disease.
TL;DR: Language performance was assessed using the Neurosensory Center Comprehensive Examination for Aphasia during the subacute stage of recovery and acquired aphasia in children and posttraumatic linguistic deficits in adults were discussed.
Abstract: Fifty-six children and adolescents who sustained a closed-head injury were divided into two groups based on neurological criteria. Language performance was assessed using the Neurosensory Center Comprehensive Examination for Aphasia during the subacute stage of recovery. Naming, expressive, and written language were more impaired than receptive-language functions. At least 20% of the sample exhibited deficits on measures of describing the function of objects, sentence repetition, verbal associative fluency, writing to dictation, and copying sentences. No sparing of function was observed in children relative to adolescents. Moreover, written-language performance was more depressed in children than adolescents. Results were discussed in terms of acquired aphasia in children and posttraumatic linguistic deficits in adults.
TL;DR: There was a highly significant correlation between comprehension and the amount of temporal lobe lesion in Wernicke's area and the total temporoparietal lesion size, and additional anterior-inferior temporal lobe lesions extension into the middle temporal gyrus area was associated with particularly poor recovery.
Abstract: • This study investigated the relationship between severity of auditory comprehension in Wernicke's aphasia and amount of temporal lobe damage within Wernicke's area (posterior two thirds of superior temporal gyrus region) as well as the total temporoparietal lesion size. There was a highly significant correlation between comprehension and the amount of temporal lobe lesion in Wernicke's area. There was no significant correlation between comprehension and the total temporoparietal lesion size. Patients with damage in only half or less than half of Wernicke's area had good comprehension at six months after the onset of stroke. Patients with damage in more than half of Wernicke's area had poor comprehension even one year after the onset of stroke. Additional anterior-inferior temporal lobe lesion extension into the middle temporal gyrus area was associated with particularly poor recovery.
Book•
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In a relatively short time our view of the role of the right cerebral hemisphere in behaviour, and in language in particular, has been revolutionized by recent research which suggests a sophisticated brain right hemisphere which is not "inferior" or "minor", but has its own specialized responsibilities for language processing as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In a relatively short time our view of the role of the right cerebral hemisphere in behaviour, and in language in particular, has been revolutionized by recent research which suggests a sophisticated brain right hemisphere which is not "inferior" or "minor", but has its own specialized responsibilities for language processing. This book presents a cautious and critical review of developments and its application to concepts and treatment of aphasia. The arguments and evidence on the importance of the right hemisphere will be of interest to neuropsychologists and cognitive psychologists, while the implications for language, and particularly the special emphasis on the role of the right hemisphere in the recovery and treatment of aphasia, will interest clinical and cognitive psychologists, as well as speech pathologists and therapists.
TL;DR: It is argued that, when testing brain-damaged patients of different cultural backgrounds, one runs the risk of over- or underestimating the frequency of aphasia if one does not refer to norms which explicitly take educational level into account.
TL;DR: Correlations between scores on the confrontation-naming and picture-description tasks were highest for the Wernicke's aphasics, followed by the conduction, Broca's, and anomic aphasICS, and the extent to which action-n naming error types could discriminate between the four groups of aphasia was examined.
TL;DR: Results suggest that the agrammatism/paragrammatism distinction does not work well for richly-inflected languages and that Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics try instead to produce the more marked, oblique constructions, resulting in a less conservative error pattern.
TL;DR: It is argued that the formulation process may be preserved in demented patients but is disturbed in aphasia, and spontaneous speech production in semi-standardized interviews conducted with 10 patients suffering from moderate senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, 5 Wernicke's aphasics, and 5 elderly controls without brain damage is analyzed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a sample of 23 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients were administered a battery of tests in order to determine the type, frequency and severity of their speech and language problems.
Abstract: A sample of 23 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients were administered a battery of tests in order to determine the type, frequency and severity of their speech and language problems. Deficits were found in all aspects of speech production, including respiration, phonation, prosody, articulation and resonance. Observed speech deviations were most often mild. The speech deviation which contributed the most to variations in overall intelligibility of speech was precision of consonant production. Impaired respiratory support for speech occurred in all subjects and was found to be highly associated with deviations in vocal quality, volume control and articulation.Subtests of the Neurosensory Centre Comprehensive Examination for Aphasia and the Wiig-Semel Test of Linguistic Concepts were administered to 20 patients. The majority of MS patients showed a severe deficit on the word fluency and sentence construction subtests. A dysfunction in the comprehension of logico-grammatical constructions was also evident in mos...
TL;DR: Twenty-one aphasic subjects were found to have cerebellar metabolic asymmetry, which resulted from an absolute reduction in local cerebral metabolic rates of glucose in the right Cerebellar hemisphere and was related to reduced functional motor performance, spontaneous speech, naming, reading, and writing.
Abstract: (18F)-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET was used to compare left/right cerebellar hemispheric glucose metabolism in 37 aphasic patients with left hemisphere lesions and 22 age-matched controls. Sixteen aphasic subjects showed cerebellar symmetry. Twenty-one aphasic subjects were found to have cerebellar metabolic asymmetry, which (1) resulted from an absolute reduction in local cerebral metabolic rates of glucose in the right cerebellar hemisphere; (2) was associated with left less than right glucose metabolic asymmetry in the frontal, parietal, caudate, and thalamic regions; (3) was associated with Broca's region and deep hemisphere structural damage to the internal capsule and basal ganglia; (4) related to reduced functional motor performance, spontaneous speech, naming, reading, and writing; and (5) included all Broca's aphasia subjects.
TL;DR: The authors showed that phonemic false evaluation can represent a stumbling block in the analysis of aphasia, since many subphonemic articulatory aberrations produced by aphasic speakers are perceived by hearers as higher level phonemic substitutions.
Abstract: The phenomenon of phonemic false evaluation has been appreciated since the latter part of the 19th century, when it was first observed that hearers quite often assign speech sounds produced by speakers to phonemic units different from the ones intended by speakers. This speaker-hearer mismatch had occasioned serious problems for the first linguistic analyses of American Indian languages. Early in the 20th century, N. Trubetzkoy coined the term ‘phonemic false evaluation’, and elaborated upon it in his characterizations and comparisons of the phonological systems of a vast array of languages of the world. The present paper is an attempt to show that phonemic false evaluation can represent a stumbling block in the analysis of aphasia, since as we demonstrate, many subphonemic articulatory aberrations produced by aphasic speakers are perceived by hearers as higher level phonemic substitutions—substitutions quite often never intended by the aphasic. The theoretical and diagnostic consequences of phonemic fals...
TL;DR: There was no reliable difference in the distribution of prepairs and repairs between patients with Wernicke's and Broca's aphasia, although these two groups differed in performance.
TL;DR: A total of 60 right-handed patients with acute aphasia due to left hemispheral stroke were randomly assigned to two modes of therapy for six months, beginning one month after the ictus.
Abstract: • A total of 60 right-handed patients with acute aphasia due to left hemispheral stroke were randomly assigned to two modes of therapy for six months, beginning one month after the ictus. Conventional speech therapy provided by professional speech pathologists twice weekly was compared with emotionally supportive counseling therapy, also provided by professional speech pathologists at the same intervals. Language function was tested periodically by the Porch Index of Communicative Ability. Fifty of the subjects were also tested at ten months after the ictus. There was no difference in the amount of improvement between the two groups.
TL;DR: In most, the correlation between the CT lesion site and the resulting aphasic syndrome duplicated an anatomic-clinical correlation described in adults.
Abstract: We studied eight children with acquired aphasia. All had left hemisphere lesions. In most, the correlation between the CT lesion site and the resulting aphasic syndrome duplicated an anatomic-clinical correlation described in adults. Rapid recovery of language fluency distinguished the children from reported adults. Late follow-up indicated poor scholastic achievements, reflecting an acquired handicap in new learning. Anatomic-clinical correlates and recovery patterns suggest that brain organization for language is similar but not identical in children and adults.
TL;DR: It is concluded that microcomputer-generated phonemic cues are a promising approach to treatment of word retrieval difficulties in aphasia.
Abstract: This study investigates whether computer-generated phonemic cues can be used in improving naming in Broca's aphasics, either in treatment or as a prosthesis. Five patients who were able to indicate the initial letters of words which they could not produce, and who responded to phonemic cues given by a therapist, were taught to use a microcomputer as an aid to generate phonemic cues over five sessions. All the patients benefited; four of the subjects were significantly better in naming with the aid, and improvement generalised to names which had not been involved in treatment. Four of the subjects were better at indicating the first letters of names of items in the treatment set than untreated control pictures; it appears that treatment teaches patients about the initial letters in the words. We conclude that microcomputer-generated phonemic cues are a promising approach to treatment of word retrieval difficulties in aphasia.
TL;DR: The most striking finding was a dissociation between oral and written expression, the latter being disproportionately impaired in a number of subjects.
TL;DR: Analysis of the behavior of sensory aphasics shows that some of these patients are not well aware of the deviances in their verbal output, and the speech therapist must know about it and take it into account, lest it renders therapeutical efforts fruitless.
TL;DR: Three patients are presented who developed conduction aphasia after a small infarction almost exclusively confined to the arcuate fasciculus, which shows a rapid amelioration within a week after the stroke.
Abstract: Three patients are presented who developed conduction aphasia after a small infarction almost exclusively confined to the arcuate fasciculus. All of them were diagnosed as conduction aphasia within a week after the stroke and showed a rapid amelioration. On the basis of the 3 patients and conduction aphasics in the literature, the relation between conduction aphasia and the arcuate fasciculus is discussed.
TL;DR: The sentence-picture matching behavior of 100 neurologically healthy and 169 brain-damaged subjects is interpreted as indicative of an interaction between two cognitive disorders resulting from dysfunctions of asymmetrically represented cognitive mechanisms.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Data from a 77 year old right handed male blind, who presented with an infarction involving the territory of the left middle cerebral artery involving the temporal and the inferior parietal lobes, suggest the independence of linguistic and musical competences in an extremely talented musician.