Showing papers on "Arabitol published in 2008"

Impact of mild heat treatments on induction of thermotolerance in the biocontrol yeast Candida sake CPA-1 and viability after spray-drying

Abstract: Aims: The objective of this study was to examine the induction of thermotolerance in the biocontrol agent Candida sake CPA-1 cells by mild heat treatments to enhanced survival of formulations using spray-drying. The possible role of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) biosynthesis in induced thermotolerance and the role of sugars and sugar alcohols were also determined. Methods and Results: Studies were conducted on C. sake cells grown in molasses medium and exposed to mild temperatures of 30 and 33°C during mid- (16 h), late-exponential (24 h), early- (30 h) and mid-stationary (36 h) growth phases. The effect on viability was determined both before and after spray-drying. Cycloheximide and chloramphenicol were used to examine the role of HSPs and HPLC was used to analyse the accumulation of sugar and sugar alcohols. The results indicate that both temperatures induced thermotolerance in cells of C. sake. Mild heat-adapted cells at 33°C in the early- or mid-stationary phases had survival values after spray-drying significantly higher (P ≤ 0·05) than nonadapted cells. However, viabilities were not high enough to be considered for commercial use with values up to 17%. HSPs were not implicated in thermotolerance acquired by mild heat-adapted cells as similar viabilities were obtained in the presence of protein inhibitors. Little change was observed in sugar and sugar alcohols with an increase in glucose and arabitol in some treatments. Conclusions: This study suggests that it is possible to induce thermotolerance in biocontrol yeasts such as C. sake. However, this does not improve survival of cells exposed to spray-drying sufficiently to consider this a suitable formulation method for this biocontrol agent. HSPs, sugars and sugar polyols were not directly responsible for induced thermotolerance in yeast cells. Significance and Impact of the Study: This type of information can be effectively applied to improve the viability of cells in the process of formulation.

Physiological manipulation and formulation of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala for control of Penicillium verrucosum and ochratoxin A contamination of moist grain

Abstract: The major hurdle in the production of commercial biocontrol agents (BCAs) has been the lack of production of appropriate formulations. Of particular importance is the conservation of viability and ecological competence after application. With this in mind studies were conducted to develop formulations of P. anomala which would have these attributes. Cells were grown in molasses-based medium modified with proline to different water availability levels (0.98 and 0.96) which significantly increased (up to 50%) the content of trehalose and arabitol in the yeast cells during liquid broth fermentation. The use of isotonic solutions for harvesting the yeast cells further increased the endogenous content of these compatible solutes as well as glycerol. Fluidised bed drying of cells at 30–80°C was carried out for 10 and 20 min and showed that viability was significantly decreased at 70–80°C. A temperature of 50°C for 20 min was found to be best for viability (70%) and moisture content of <10%. Several add...

Use of In Vivo 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy To Elucidate l-Arabinose Metabolism in Yeasts

Abstract: Candida arabinofermentans PYCC 5603T and Pichia guilliermondii PYCC 3012 were shown to grow well on l-arabinose, albeit exhibiting distinct features that justify an in-depth comparative study of their respective pentose catabolism. Carbon-13 labeling experiments coupled with in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to investigate l-arabinose metabolism in these yeasts, thereby complementing recently reported physiological and enzymatic data. The label supplied in l-[2-13C]arabinose to nongrowing cells, under aerobic conditions, was found on C-1 and C-2 of arabitol and ribitol, on C-2 of xylitol, and on C-1, C-2, and C-3 of trehalose. The detection of labeled arabitol and xylitol constitutes additional evidence for the operation in yeast of the redox catabolic pathway, which is widespread among filamentous fungi. Furthermore, labeling at position C-1 of trehalose and arabitol demonstrates that glucose-6-phosphate is recycled through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). This result was interpreted as a metabolic strategy to regenerate NADPH, the cofactor essential for sustaining l-arabinose catabolism at the level of l-arabinose reductase and l-xylulose reductase. Moreover, the observed synthesis of d-arabitol and ribitol provides a route with which to supply NAD+ under oxygen-limiting conditions. In P. guilliermondii PYCC 3012, the strong accumulation of l-arabitol (intracellular concentration of up to 0.4 M) during aerobic l-arabinose metabolism indicates the existence of a bottleneck at the level of l-arabitol 4-dehydrogenase. This report provides the first experimental evidence for a link between l-arabinose metabolism in fungi and the oxidative branch of the PPP and suggests rational guidelines for the design of strategies for the production of new and efficient l-arabinose-fermenting yeasts.

METHOD FOR STABILIZING p-HYDROXYBENZOATE HYDROXYLASE

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the storage stability of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase and to enable long-term stability of enzyme product by selecting a stabilizer. SOLUTION: The method for stabilizing p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase comprises the addition of at least one kind of α-cyclodextrin, inositol, sucrose, sorbitose, citric acid, sodium gluconate, BSA, arabitol and trisodium EDTA as a stabilizer. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT