Showing papers on "Benzotriazole published in 2023"

Protection of galvanized steel using benzotriazole as a corrosion inhibitor in simulated concrete pore solution and alkali-activated fly ash solution

Abstract: In this study, the natural passivation ability and chloride-induced subsequent increased levels of corrosion behaviour of galvanized steel in simulated concrete pore (SCP) solution and alkali-activated fly ash (AAFA) solution, with and without benzotriazole (BTA), were evaluated using corrosion potential (Ecorr), linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP). In addition, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) were used to observe the morphologies of passive layers and corrosion products of galvanized steel. It was highlighted that the hydrogen evolution could be prevented by AAFA solution to some extent, thus providing a new insight on the inhibition of hydrogen evolution for galvanized steel in concrete. Moreover, due to the formation of a complex protective film, galvanized steel in AAFA solution exhibited significantly higher corrosion resistance to chloride attack than that exposed to SCP solution, which could be further enhanced by the addition of BTA.

A nitric oxide responsive AIE probe for detecting the progression of osteoarthritis.

Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is reported to be elevated in osteoarthritis (OA) both in vitro and in vivo and may be adopted to develop fluorescent probes for detecting the progression of OA. Here we report a nitric oxide responsive aggregation induced emission (AIE) probe TPE-2NHCOCH2CH2-(PEG)24-NH-Diacerein, which is derived from tetraphenylethene (TPE) modified with the hydrophilic group long poly(ethylene glycol) chain and an anti-inflammatory drug diacerein. o-Phenylenediamine within its structure can react with NO to form benzotriazole and emit fluorescence. The results show that the NO-responsive AIE probe can smartly monitor the progression of OA with the change of fluorescence intensity in vitro and in vivo. This study may provide a new development direction for early OA monitoring in clinics.

Heat-activated peroxydisulfate and peroxymonosulfate-mediated degradation of benzotriazole: Effects of chloride on kinetics, pathways and transformation product toxicity

Abstract: The impact of chloride (Cl⁻) in heat-activated peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) processes for benzotriazole (BTA) degradation was investigated. Results showed that 0.42 mM BTA could be degraded by PDS and PMS under 70 °C in presence and absence of Cl⁻. The PMS-mediated BTA degradation rate increased with increasing Cl⁻ concentration up to 1000 mg/L, while a further increase of Cl⁻ concentration decreased the BTA degradation rate. In contrast, Cl⁻ inhibited PDS-mediated BTA degradation at concentrations tested between 100 and 10,000 mg/L. Radical scavenging experiments indicated that BTA degradation was mainly driven by hydroxyl and sulfate radicals in PDS and PMS systems without Cl⁻. However, reactive chlorine species (RCS) significantly boosted the PMS system for BTA degradation in presence of Cl⁻. Variation in pH substantially influenced the PMS system, but not the PDS system, whether in presence and absence of Cl⁻. By LC-MS/MS analysis, forty-two transformation products (TPs) were identified resulting from BTA degradation. Based on the TPs, polymerization, hydroxylation, benzene ring-opening, and carboxylic acid formation were hypothesized to be the main degradation mechanisms in absence of Cl⁻, whereas chlorination, triazole ring-opening, and nitration were the additional degradation steps in presence of Cl⁻. These findings help understand the influence of Cl⁻ on BTA removal rate and degradation pathway in saline wastewater. Moreover, more chlorinated TPs were found in PMS/Cl⁻ system than in PDS/Cl⁻ system, which was also reflected in absorbable organic halides (AOX) and end-product toxicity analyses. The PMS/Cl⁻ process also produced other undesirable by-products, such as chlorates which were not detected in the PDS/Cl⁻ process. This shows that PDS and PMS-based advanced oxidation processes can notably differ in terms of toxic by-product formation. Thus, they need to be critically evaluated before applying for organic pollutant degradation under saline conditions.

Complex films formed on Al alloy surface via vapor phase assembly of benzotriazole and dodecyltrimethoxysilane

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of vapor assembly sequence and assembly temperature on the corrosion protection of the complex silane films Al alloy. The performance and application range of silane films are enhanced. Design/methodology/approach The complex silane films were successfully prepared on the surface of aluminum alloy using via vapor phase assembly of 1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA) and dodecyltrimethoxysilanes (DTMS). The protection of the assembly films against corrosion of Al alloy is investigated by the electrochemical measurements and the alkaline solution accelerated corrosion test. Thickness and hydrophobicity of the complex films are studied using ellipsometric spectroscopy and contact angle tests. Findings It shows that the anti-corrosion ability of the complex films is overall superior to that of the single-component assembled films. DTMS-BTA films have larger thickness and best anti-corrosion ability. The alkyl chains in DTMS have better compatibility with BTA molecules. The rigid BTA molecule can permeate into the long alkyl chain of DTMS as fillers and improve the barrier properties of the complex films. Originality/value In this paper, a green and efficient method of vapor phase assembly is proposed to rust prevention during manufacture of Al alloy workpiece.

Photocatalytic H2 O2 Production by Thiophene-Coupled Benzotriazole and Anthraquinone-based D-A Type Polymer Nanoparticles.

Abstract: In this article, we systematically report the photocatalytic generation of an important solar fuel-H2 O2 -by a thiophene-coupled anthraquinone (AQ) and benzotriazole-based donor (D)-acceptor (A) polymer (PAQBTz) nanoparticles. The visible-light active and redox-active D-A type polymer was synthesized employing the Stille coupling polycondensation, and the nanoparticles were obtained by dispersing the PAQBTz polymer and polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, prepared in tetrahydrofuran to water. The polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) produced 1.61 mM/mg and 1.36 mM/mg hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) in the acidic and neutral media, respectively, under AM1.5G simulated sunlight irradiation (λ> 420 nm) with ∼2% modified Solar to Chemical Conversion (SCC) efficiency after 1 h of visible light illumination. The results of the various experiments lay bare the different aspects governing H2 O2 production and indicate the H2 O2 synthesis through the superoxide anion-mediated and anthraquinone-mediated routes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Graded-Index Active Layer for Efficiency Enhancement in Polymer Solar Cell

Abstract: In this paper, narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors combining a benzotriazole (BTz)-core fused-ring segment, named the PZT series, were used with a high-absorption-efficiency polymer (PBDB) compound with branched 2-butyl octyl, linear n-octyl, and methyl to be utilized as a graded-index (GI) active layer of the polymer solar cells (PSCs) to increase the photocurrent and enhance solar efficiency compared to the existing PBDB-T:PZT and PBDB-T:PZT-γ. In addition, a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D-PhC) structure was utilized as a light-trapping anti-reflection coating (ARC) thin film based on indium tin oxide (ITO) to reduce incident light reflection and enhance its absorption. The dimensions of the cell layers were optimized to achieve the maximum power-conversion efficiency (PCE). Furthermore, the design and simulations were conducted from a 300 nm to 1200 nm wavelength range using a finite difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis. One of the most important results expected from the study was the design of a nano solar cell at (64 µm)2 with a PCE of 25.1%, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 27.74 mA/cm2, and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.986 V.

Application of DFT and TD-DFT on Langmuir Adsorption of Nitrogen and Sulfur Heterocycle Dopants on an Aluminum Surface Decorated with Magnesium and Silicon

Abstract: In this study, we investigated the abilities of nitrogen and sulfur heterocyclic carbenes of benzotriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol regarding adsorption on an Al-Mg-Si alloy toward corrosion inhibition of the surface. Al-Si(14), Al-Si(19), and Al-Si(21) in the Al-Mg-Si alloy surface with the highest fluctuation in the shielding tensors of the “NMR” spectrum generated by intra-atomic interaction directed us to the most influence in the neighbor atoms generated by interatomic reactions of N → Al, O → Al, and S → Al through the coating and adsorbing process of Langmuir adsorption. The values of various thermodynamic properties and dipole moments of benzotriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol adsorbed on the Al-Mg-Si increased by enhancing the molecular weight of these compounds as well as the charge distribution between organic compounds (electron donor) and the alloy surface (electron acceptor). Finally, this research can build up our knowledge of the electronic structure, relative stability, and surface bonding of various metal alloy surfaces, metal-doped alloy nanosheets, and other dependent mechanisms such as heterogeneous catalysis, friction lubrication, and biological systems.

Corrosion of Metals Modified with Formulations Based on Organosilanes

Abstract: Methods for preliminary modification of the surface of structural metals with formulations based on organosilanes, including both solutions of individual organosilanes and two-component mixtures consisting of two organosilanes or an organosilane with an organic corrosion inhibitor, have been developed. As a result of this modification, a self-assembling siloxane polymeric/oligomeric nanoscale layer is formed on the metal surface. Such layers are capable of changing the physicochemical properties of the metal surface, in particular reducing the susceptibility of the metal to corrosive destruction. In this work, the mechanism of formation of organosilicon nanolayers and their effect on the electrochemical and corrosion behavior of metals have been studied in detail by a set of electrochemical methods, while laboratory studies and accelerated corrosion tests of carbon steel and zinc, modified with formulations based on organosilanes, have been carried out. The greatest inhibitory effect is demonstrated by two-component modifying formulations, namely mixtures of vinyl with aminosilane and vinylsilane with benzotriazole. The mechanism of corrosion inhibition by surface nanolayers formed upon surface modification with two-component mixtures has been considered.