Showing papers on "Bifidobacterium published in 1992"

Supplementation of an adapted formula with bovine lactoferrin: 1. Effect on the infant faecal flora.

Abstract: The development of the infant faecal flora was studied over the first three months of life in infants receiving breast milk, a modern adapted formula and adaptations of this formula. Breast-fed infants developed a flora rich in Bifidobacterium sp. Facultative anaerobes were ubiquitous, but in relatively small numbers within the diet group. Other obligate anaerobes, such as Clostridium sp. and Bacteriodes sp. were rarely isolated. Standard formula produced a flora rich in bifidobacteria, but the growth of facultative organisms was not suppressed by this diet. Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides sp. were more common in this feeding group. After the addition of lactoferrin at 10 mg/100 ml to the formula diet, a flora similar to that of the standard formula-fed babies was achieved. Lactoferrin at 100 mg/100 ml was able to establish a "bifidus flora" in half of the babies given this formula, but only at age three months. Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides sp. were common faecal isolates from babies receiving both the lactoferrin diets.

Detection of Bifidobacterium Strains that Induce Large Quantities of IgA

Abstract: An in vitro screening test using the murine Peyer's patch cell culture method was developed for detection of bifidobacteria which induce large quantities of IgA. Bifidobacteria grown for 48 h were added at a dose corresponding to an absorbance value of 0.275 at 660 nm to BALB/c mouse Peyer's patch cells, and 7 days later the quantities of IgA antibody in the culture supernatants were measured by an ELISA method. With this screening test, three strains of bifidobacteria capable of inducing large quantities of IgA were selected from 120 strains isolated from human faeces and identified as Bifidobacterium breve (two strains) and B. longum (one strain). When one of the three strains ( B. breve YIT 4064) was administered orally along with cholera toxin (CT) into mice, the amount of anti-CT IgA antibody in faeces and anti-CT IgA antibody production and proliferation in Peyer's patch cells tended to be greater and were significantly greater, respectively, than after administration of only CT or CT and B. breve Ka-6, which did not induce IgA. Keywords: Bifidobacterium ; Andjuvant activity; Peyer's patch; IgA; Cholera toxin.

Species-specific oligonucleotide probes for five Bifidobacterium species detected in human intestinal microflora.

Abstract: Portions of the 16S rRNA from closely related species of the genus Bifidobacterium that are found in the human intestinal microflora were sequenced in order to design species-specific oligonucleotide probes. Five oligonucleotide probes ranging from 16 to 19 bases in length and complementary to 16S rRNA sequences from Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. infantis, and B. longum were synthesized. With crude high-molecular-weight RNA preparations as targets, these probes showed the desired species specificity, even down to a 1-nucleotide difference. For the practical evaluation of these probes, their specificity and sensitivity were tested against seven strains of the same species and 54 strains of heterologous bacteria with fixed whole cells as targets. The probes for B. adolescentis, B. breve, and B. longum showed efficient and specific hybridization. Although the probes for B. bifidum and B. infantis cross-reacted with a few bacterial strains not isolated from humans, these probes showed species specificity for human intestinal bacteria. These 16S rRNA probes should prove valuable for the identification and detection of human intestinal Bifidobacterium species.

Transient colonization of the gut of newborn infants by orally administered bifidobacteria and lactobacilli

Abstract: We investigated if orally administered bifidobacteria and/or lactobacilli could be cultured from faeces of infants after antibiotic treatment, when these bacterial species are usually absent. Lyophilized Bifidobacterium longum, strain BB-536, B. breve, strain BB-576, or Lactobacillus acidophilus, strain LAC-343, were used. Doses of 3 x 10(9) cells of one strain, or a mixture of all three strains 3 x 10(9) cells each were fed three times daily at mealtimes to 11 infants aged 0-8 weeks. Treatment was started the first day after antibiotic treatment and was continued for 5 days. The bacterial species were isolated in 9 of 11, 7 of 10 and 2 of 9 specimens obtained on the last day of bifidobacteria or lactobacilli administration, 5 and 15 days thereafter, respectively. No side effects were noted.

Influence of infant diets on the ecology of the intestinal tract of human flora-associated mice.

Abstract: The effect of diet on intestinal ecology was studied in germ-free mice that were inoculated orogastrically with predominant intestinal flora components isolated from the feces of breast-fed human infants. The flora components colonized the intestines of mice and persisted at fixed population levels. Groups of flora- associated mice were fed either human milk, bovine milk, whey-dominant formula, or formula modifications exclusively for 2 weeks, and then examined for changes in small intestinal and cecal flora composition, cecal pH, and resistance to intestinal colonization with Salmonella typhimurium. Dietary variations influenced the composition of the flora to a moderate degree but the differences were generally not statistically significant. However, the addition of bovine lactoferrin to the whey-dominant formula resulted in significantly greater counts of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Enterococcus and total aerobes in the small intestine when compared with mice fed unsupplemented formula. Bifidobacterium was present in large numbers in both the ceca and small intestines of mice fed the lactoferrin-supplemented formula. Despite similarities in intestinal flora patterns among mice fed the various diets, human milk consumption resulted in a lower pH of cecal contents and a greater resistance to colonization by Salmonella typhimurium after orogastric challenge than the consumption of the other diets.

Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. in the small intestine following ingestion in fermented milk. A rational basis for the use of probiotics in man

Abstract: Oro-ileal intubation was performed in 6 healthy volunteers who ingested, either 100 g of a fermented milk containing 10(8)/g Lactobacillus acidophilus and 10(7)/g Bifidobacterium sp or sterilized fermented milk along with a meal in random order. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium were counted in the ileal fluid which was aspirated continuously for 8 h, and flow rates were calculated using the constant slow infusion of PEG 4000. After ingestion of fermented milk but not after control, hourly ileal flow rates of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium increased form 4.8 +/- 0.2 and 4.9 +/- 0.6 to 7.2 +/- 0.3 and 8.0 +/- 0.3, respectively (mean +/- SE log10 CFU). 8.3 +/- 0.2 Lactobacillus acidophilus and 8.8 +/- 0.1 Bifidobacterium were recovered in the ileum which represented 1.5 percent and 37.5 percent of the ingested bacteria, respectively. In conclusion, under usual conditions of fermented milk ingestion, a large number of living Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium pass through the upper gastrointestinal tract and reach the colon.

Identification of bifidobacteria from fermented milk products.

Abstract: Six samples of fermented milk preparations were examined for the presence of bifidobacteria. Identification was based on fermentation tests, genetic relatedness studies and electrophoretic analysis. Contrary to label information, Bifidobacterium animalis was the only species present.

Survival of bifidobacteria from human habitat in acidified milk.

Abstract: Some industrial preparations from milk, such as yogurt, contain bifidobacteria as an additional probiotic element. The acidic environment of these products affects the viability of the bifidobacteria. The survival in acidic environment of one-hundred and ten bifidobacterial strains from human habitat was tested.

Fermentation of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides of Brown Algae by Human Intestinal Bacteria in vitro.

Abstract: Dilutions of human faeces were surveyed for their ability to ferment polysaccharides (dietary fiber) which were present in brown algae. Sodium alginate and laminaran were fermented by 108 and 109 dilutions of faeces, respectively, whereas fucoidan and cellulose were not fermented. To examine the ability to ferment sodium alginate and laminaran, 435 and 450 strains, respectively, among 697 isolates from human faeces were used. Among them, three strains belonging to Bacteroides spp. fermented sodium alginate and 10 strains (four strains of Clostridium spp., three strains of Bacteroides spp. and three strains of Bifidobacterium spp.) fermented laminaran. Among 21 species of authentic intestinal bacteria, Bacteroides ovatus showed the abilities to ferment sodium alginate, and Clostridium ramosum and B. ovatus fermented laminaran. These findings suggest that the intake of brown algae may be responsible for the changes in intestinal flora.

Effect of degraded products of laminaran by Clostridium ramosum on the growth of intestinal bacteria

Abstract: Degraded products of laminaran by the action of Clostridium ramosum were surveyed for their constituent mono-, di-, and trisaccharides by active carbon column chromatography. Trisac-charide was detected in 2% laminaran-containing GAM broth culture which was incubated with Cl. ramosum for 12h. Mono- and disaccharides were detected in 24h culture. Among 11 strains of authentic intestinal bacteria which cannot ferment laminaran, 7 and 8 strains utilized the former and latter products, respectively. Particularly, the growth of lactic acid- or acetic acid-forming bacteria such as Bifidobacterium bifidum and Peptostreptococcus productus was promoted by these degraded products. These results are considered to give experimental support to the suggestion that Bifidobacterium could grow in rats and human intestines when dietary fiber has been ingested.

In vitro hydrogen production by enteric bacteria cultured from children with small bowel bacterial overgrowth.

Abstract: Lactulose breath hydrogen test and Enterotest string test were carried out simultaneously on 19 children 3-5 years old. Bacteria isolated from the jejunal fluid in upper small intestines of these children were incubated with lactulose at neutral pH. Anaerobes were present in all but one child, and in 15 children they were present in numbers greater than 5 log10 organisms per ml. Most of these bacteria did not produce hydrogen in vitro. Hydrogen production (greater than 100 ppm) was observed with the following bacteria: Bacteroides (5%), clostridia (8%), anaerobic corynebacteria (5%), Escherichia coli (67%), Lactobacillus (8%), Staphylococcus (8%), and Streptococcus (9%). The following bacteria did not produce hydrogen in vitro: Actinobacter, Actinomyces, anaerobic cocci, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium, micrococci, Neisseria, Sarcina, and Veillonella. This study suggests that in the diagnosis of small bowel bacterial overgrowth using lactulose breath hydrogen test, it is important to consider that patients with a flat breath hydrogen response to a carbohydrate challenge during the first 60 min may be infected with enteric bacteria which are not capable of producing H2.

Effects of cultured milk products by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species on the secretion of bile acids in hepatocytes and in rats.

Abstract: Whey preparations prepared from cultured milk by 19 Lactobacillus (2 species) and 20 Bifidobacterium (5 species) strains were examined for the effects of secretion and synthesis of bile acids in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. The stimulating effect of whey preparation on bile acid secretion depended on the species as well as the strains used for milk fermentation. Two strains belonging to L. casei SBT 2230 (LC2230) and B. longum SBT 2912 (BL2912) produced the whey which stimulates both the secretion of bile acid and the activity of cholesterol 7α-hydroxyl-ase, a rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis. When the cultured products by these two strains were given to rats for 14 days, the products from L. casei (LC2230) were found to stimulate the biliary secretion of bile acids. These results suggest that primary cultured hepatocytes were a useful experimental system as an initial screening for an active principle modulating cholesterol metabolism.

Effect of a Small Amount of Galactooligosaccharide on Fecal Bifidobacterium.

Abstract: Cryptococcus laurentii OKN-4株によりラクトースから生成されるガラクトオリゴ糖をヒトが摂取した場合の, Bifidobacterium増殖における有効量の検討を行った。健康な成人男性を対象に, ガラクトオリゴ糖分として2g含むCOPを1日1回20日間摂取させて摂取前, 摂取中, 摂取後の糞便を採取し, 糞便フローラ, pHおよび水分含量の測定を行った。COP摂取によるBifidobacteriumの菌数および総菌数に対する占有率の有意 (p<0.01) な増加が認められた。

Influence of decontamination on induction of arthritis in Lewis rats by cell wall fragments of Eubacterium aerofaciens. Arthropathic properties of indigenous anaerobic bacteria.

Abstract: Although the cause (or causes) of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, many workers have suggested that microorganisms play a part. The intestinal flora in particular has been related to the development of joint inflammation. It has been shown previously that cell wall fragments of several anaerobic Gram positive intestinal bacteria of human origin are arthritogenic after a single intraperitoneal injection in Lewis rats. The part played by indigenous microflora in this model has now been studied by decontaminating Lewis rats before the injection of Eubacterium aerofaciens cell wall fragments. The pattern and severity of arthritis appeared to be comparable in decontaminated and control rats. The second goal of this work was to isolate arthritogenic bacteria from the autochthonous intestinal flora of rats. Only a limited number of bacteria showing a resemblance to arthritogenic strains from human intestinal flora (i.e. E aerofaciens and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) could be isolated. These strains did not induce chronic arthritis after intraperitoneal injection. This may explain why spontaneous arthritis did not develop in Lewis rats.

Phase variations in Bifidobacterium animalis.

Abstract: Strains isolated from rabbit, chicken, and rat feces and from sewage and fermented milk products, all identified as Bifidobacterium animalis, were found to show phase variations in colony appearance and in cellular morphology. The rate of transition in a switching system from opaque to transparent colonies and vice versa was determined. Differences in protein components and in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of the cells from different colony types are shown.

Live bacterium powder

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain live bacterium powder capable of increasing ability for proliferating usable bacteria in intestines and suppressing proliferation of harmful bacteria and increased in storage stability by adding tannins obtained from tea, etc., to live bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtitis and Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI. CONSTITUTION: Ingredients of tea, oolong tea, black tea which always are drunk, i.e., tannins such as (+)-catechin, (+)-gallocatechin, (+)-gallocatechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin or free type theaflavin are added to a dried product of intestinal and usable live bacteria to provide the objective live bacterium powder. Fixing and proliferation abilities of the usable bacteria in intestines are extremely proliferated by intake of this live bacterium powder to improve the intestine disease. Further, storage stability of this live bacterium powder is also extremely improved. The live bacterium contains one or more bacterial groups selected from Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtitis and Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI. The mixed ratio of the usable bacterium dried product and tannins is preferably 99:1 to 1:99. Tannins have extremely high safety and can be supplied in large quantities at a low cost. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO&Japio

Different electrophoretic patterns of cellular soluble proteins in Bifidobacterium animalis.

Abstract: Twenty-nine strains of Bifidobacterium animalis, a species found only in animal habitats, were studied. Strains from known origins such as rat, rabbit and chicken feces and strains isolated from extrabody environments such as sewage and fermented milk products were examined. The intestinal origins of strains isolated from sewage and fermented milk products were determined by means of the comparison of electrophoretograms of cellular soluble proteins. Unknown origins of strains were recognized as being rabbit or chicken intestinal tract.

Isolation and Identification of Intestinal Bacteria from Japanese Tree Frog (Hlya japonica) with the Special Reference to Anaerobic Bacteria

Abstract: The bacteria in the large intestines of eight Japanese tree frogs (Hlya japonica) were enumerated by using an anaerobic culture system. The microorganisms at approximately 3.1 x 10(9) bacteria per g (wet weight) of intestinal contents were present in the intestine of all the frogs tested. No difference of the total bacteria in the frog intestine was observed between two different incubation-temperatures (room temperature and 37 degrees C). Eleven genera and 16 species were isolated from the frog intestine. In most frogs, Bacteroides (B.) caccae and B. vulgatus were detected as the predominant organisms. Escherichia coli was also present in greater numbers in the intestine. Other bacteria isolated at high dilutions were strict anaerobes, including Fusobacterium and Clostridium. Enterococcus faecalis was frequently isolated from the frog intestine. However, four genera of Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Lactobacillus were not isolated from the frog intestine.

Effect of oral Administration of bifidobacteria and neosugar on plasma ammonia concentration in CF1 mice

Abstract: This investigation was undertaken to study the role of bifidobacteria in colonic nitrogen metabolism in CF1 mice. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum isolated from the fecal materia...

Selective medium for bifidobacterium

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject culture medium for counting the number of the cells of Bifidobacterium itself or the number thereof in a system containing Lactobacillus by adding a carbon source comprising a specific oligosaccharide and propionic acid or the like as a Lactobacillus proliferation inhibitor. SOLUTION: An oligosaccharide shown by the formula: Gal-(Gal)n -Glc (Gal is galactose residue; Glc is a glucose residue; n is an integer of 1-4) is added as an essential carbon source, while propionic acid or its salt is added as a proliferation inhibitor of Lactobacillus. In the cases that other than the carbon sources of the oligosaccharide, the nitrogen source and the other auxiliary components are selected from the substances that do not help the proliferation of Lactobacillus in the anaerobic culture in this medium whereby the objective selection medium is obtained for counting the cell number of Bifidobacterium in the system containing both of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.