Showing papers in "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 1992"

TL;DR: The results indicate that weight reduction through dieting can be a viable approach to help normalize plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight individuals.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated sex and menopause-related differences in body composition and regional fat distribution, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in nonobese healthy volunteers.

TL;DR: The five-level model provides a matrix for creating explicit body-composition equations, reveals gaps in the study of human body composition, and suggests important new research areas.

TL;DR: The novelty of the hypothesis is the assertion that impairment of one homocysteine metabolic pathway must lead to the impairment of the otherhomocysteines metabolic pathway to cause homocysteinemia, which extends the simplistic view that a block of only one of the pathways is sufficient to cause Homocysteemia.

TL;DR: Using criteria from the Centers for Disease Control, anemia and iron-deficiency anemia (anemia with serum ferritin concentrations less than 12 micrograms/L) were assessed in greater than 800 inner-city gravidas at entry to prenatal care.

TL;DR: Final digestion and absorption of carbohydrates (CHO) occur after intraluminal hydrolysis by pancreatic alpha-amylase at the surface of the mucosal membrane in close relationship between disaccharide hydrolyses and the glucalogue carrier system.

TL;DR: No associations were observed between intakes of energy, protein, sucrose, carbohydrate, or fiber and risk of diabetes among women with BMIs less than 29 kg/m2 and inverse associations were attenuated among obese women (BMIs greater than or equal to 29).

TL;DR: The costs of treatment for severe obesity must be weighed against the improved health status and quality of life, and addition of costs due to musculoskeletal disorders could raise this estimate to 7.8%.

TL;DR: It is concluded that phytic acid is a major inhibitory factor of iron absorption in soy-protein isolates but that other factors contribute to the poor bioavailability of iron from these products.

TL;DR: Results suggest that 7-d EI-WDRs tend to underestimate food intake of adolescents, and although Ei-DHs were biased towards overestimation in most age groups and individual measurements lacked precision, EI’s were more representative of habitual intake than were EI WDRs.

TL;DR: Pupils should be aware that severely obese persons are subjected to prejudice and discrimination and should be treated with an extra measure of compassion and concern to help alleviate their feelings of rejection and shame.

TL;DR: The results of this study confirm that parents' eating habits have an impact on the nutrient intake of their preschool children; the study furnishes indirect support for dietary-intervention programs targeting families for the primary prevention of CHD.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a summary of a meeting convened by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation to develop a consensus among nutrition specialists and cystic fibrosis care givers regarding optimal nutritional management of patients with CF.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the impedance index (ht2/R) is a significant predictor ofTBW and that there is some improvement in prediction of TBW by inclusion of a weight term.

TL;DR: A mathematical model to predict REE based on body composition and to evaluate the contribution of FFM and FM to REE was developed, finding that FFM explained only a small part of the variation remaining after FFM was accounted for.

TL;DR: Individuals weighing greater than 100 kg represent a small fraction of the population and yet pose a major health risk to themselves and it is proposed that individuals be classified according to their body mass index (BMI).

TL;DR: The threshold values at which balance no longer rose with intake exceeded the US recommended dietary allowances for calcium for all the age groups concerned and the relationship between intake and balance for each group was compared at both extremes of the intake range.

TL;DR: Studies lacking adequate control groups indicate that a sustained weight loss may induce a reduced mortality but results from controlled intervention studies are so far not available.

TL;DR: The GGB can control non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in most patients and controls the hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance of the majority of patients with either glucose impairment or frank NIDDM.

TL;DR: A striking monotonic increase in gallstone disease risk with obesity was observed; women with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 45 kg/m2 had a sevenfold excess risk compared with those whose BMI was less than 24 kg/ m2.

TL;DR: RY-GBP is the most effective procedure for morbid obesity, especially in patients addicted to "sweets," and should be used only for "superobese" patients who fail a standard RY-GBPs and have severe comorbidity.

TL;DR: Although respiratory insufficiency of obesity patients had a higher operative mortality than did patients without pulmonary dysfunction, weight loss was associated with significant improvements in sleep apnea, arterial blood gases, pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, lung volumes, and polycythemia.

TL;DR: Overall, purified beta-carotene produced a greater plasma response than did similar quantities of carotenoids from foods sources, however, some foods increased plasma concentrations of certain carOTenoids.

TL;DR: HR monitoring provides a close estimation of the TEE of population groups and objective assessment of associated patterns of physical activity.

TL;DR: Data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicated that in the period 1976-1980 approximately 34 million US adults were overweight, with more women than men affected, and women had a greater mean weight gain.

TL;DR: It is suggested that part of the effects of alcohol on coronary heart disease may be mediated by a dose-dependent effect on certain platelet functions, modulated by the intake of dietary fat.

TL;DR: Results indicate that many varieties of rice, whether white, brown, or parboiled, should be classified as high GI foods, and only high-amylose varieties are potentially useful in low-GI diets.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that black and white females differ in body composition and that errors in fat estimates occur when ethnicity is not accounted for in body compositions models.

TL;DR: Obese women who meet criteria for BED show differences in both intake and macronutrient composition of food choices from obese women who do not meet these criteria when asked to eat in a laboratory setting, supporting the validity of this new diagnosis.

TL;DR: It is suggested that eating breakfast helped reduce dietary fat and minimize impulsive snacking and therefore may be an important part of a weight-reduction program.