Showing papers on "Big Five personality traits published in 1977"
624 citations
175 citations
TL;DR: An attempt was made to evaluate the relationship between thinking abilities and personality traits, and no evidence was found for any relationship between extraversion--introversion or neuroticism--stability and either thinking style.
Abstract: In view of evidence linking psychosis with high creative ability, an attempt was made to evaluate the relationship between thinking abilities and personality traits. Tests of divergent thinking and convergent thinking were administered, along with the Eysencks' Personality Questionnaire, to 100 university students. The hypothesis that 'psychoticism' is related to divergent thinking was strongly confirmed. The hypothesis that psychoticism would be related inversely to speed in a convergent-thinking task was rejected. No evidence was found for any relationship between extraversion--introversion or neuroticism--stability and either thinking style.
166 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that two aspects of cognitive and personality traits are relevant to user adaptive behavior: (1) cognitive style and (2) implementation apprehension, e.g., resistance to change, defense mechanisms and stress tolerance.
Abstract: Presently observation and interviews are used in gathering information to facilitate organizational acceptance of MIS modifications. The authors propose that the measurement and evaluation of users' cognitive styles and related personality traits may provide an effective means for attaining successful MIS modifications. The authors suggest that two aspects of cognitive and personality traits are relevant to user adaptive behavior: (1) cognitive style and (2) implementation apprehension, e.g., resistance to change, defense mechanisms and stress tolerance. These design aspects are incorporated in a field study.
162 citations
TL;DR: The primary aim is to present some of the major concepts, hypotheses, findings, and ways of thinking about adult development, which comprise a framework for the analysis of adult development.
Abstract: For the past nine years my colleagues and I have been working on a theory of adult psychosocial development in men (Levinson et al., 1974, 1977; Levinson, 1977). We have started some research on women (Stewart, 1977), but it is too early yet to report definitive theory or findings. Our aim is to encompass the many components of a man's life-all of his relationships with individuals, groups, and institutions that have significance for him. The components of life include his occupation and its evolution over the years, his love relationships, marriage, and family life, his various other roles and careers in numerous social contexts. This psychosocial approach includes the man's personality and the ways in which it influences and is influenced by the evolution of his careers in occupation, family, and other systems. The resulting theory is not a theory of personality development, nor of occupational development, nor of development in any single aspect of living. It deals, rather, with the development of the individual life in the broadest sense, encompassing all of these segments. This theory provides a context within which we can study in more detail the development of personality and of particular careers. I shall briefly describe the developmental periods we discovered in early and middle adulthood, giving major emphasis to one period, the Mid-life Transition. Like childhood and adolescence, these periods are found in the lives of all men. Of ourse, men traverse them in myriad ways, as a result of differences in class, ethnicity, personality, and other factors. My primary aim is to present some of our major concepts, hypotheses, findings, and ways of thinking about adult development. None of them have been fully validated. Together, they comprise a framework for the analysis of adult development. No doubt the theory will be modified an extended as a result of further investigation.
158 citations
143 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of personality and personal characteristics were used to predict the performance of salesmen from an empirical study, and the results showed that little success has been achieved.
Abstract: Despite continuing research effort, little success has been achieved in the use of personality and personal characteristics to predict the performance of salesmen. From an empirical study, a set of...
130 citations
TL;DR: This paper reported the results of a biometrical genetical analysis of scores on a personality inventory (The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, or EPQ), which purports to measure psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion and dissimulation (Lie Scale).
128 citations
TL;DR: Personality characteristics of wife abusers who are termed the controller, the defender, the approval seeker, and the incorporator are described in this paper, where they are termed as controller, defender, defender and defender.
Abstract: Personality characteristics of wife abusers who are termed the controller, the defender, the approval seeker, and the incorporator are described
88 citations
TL;DR: Physically attractive persons, in comparison to their lesser attractive peers, were more likely to have internalized socially desirable personality characteristics and show resistance to peer pressure influences.
Abstract: Following a hypo-deductive theoretical rationale, the relationship between physical attributes, personality development, and susceptibility to peer pressure was assessed. Male and female college students (N = 181) responded to several personality measures previously reported as characteristics attributed to physical attractiveness and a new measure designed to assess peer pressure influences (Dilemmas Test for College Students). Peer-ratings and self-perceptions of facial attractiveness, body form, and general appearance were gathered. Physically attractive persons, in comparison to their lesser attractive peers, were more likely to have internalized socially desirable personality characteristics and show resistance to peer pressure influences. Further, some evidence suggested that attractiveness was related to the internalization of cognitive-social characteristics for males and cognitive-evaluative characteristics for females.
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of how we are to arrive at personality factors that possess some demonstrable degree of representativ eness is considered. And the authors suggest that psychometric considerations play an important part and that factor analysis in particular can be of great value in this connection.
Abstract: Consideration is given to the problem of how we are to arrive at personality factors that possess some demonstrable degree of representativ eness. It is suggested that psychometric considerations play an important part and that factor analysis in particular can be of great value in this connection. It is also suggested that there are other considerations of at least equal importance. Factors emerging from such analyses must be replicable and reliable, and they must fulfill certain basic psychometric requirements. In addition, there should be evidence of their heritability, they should have theoretical backing leading to objective laboratory verification of deductions from such theories, and they should be socially relevant in the sense of correlating significantly with social parameters. The evidence suggests that there are three and only three such factors emerging from relevant research, that these are all higher order factors, and that primary factors lack some or all of the qualities required. It is suggested that the models presented by Guilford, Cattell, and Eysenck converge on some such model as is here presented. A recent paper by Guilford (197S) expressed a point of view regarding the determination of personality dimensions by factor analysis that will probably be shared by most psychometrists. In this reply I do not wish to dwell on the many points of agreement (e.g., distrust of purely psychometric considerations in rotation, preference for orthogonality where possible, use of factor analysis in a hypothetico-deductive manner, disbelief in the meaningfulness of specifying factors as second-, third-, or higher order, selection of variables for analysis), but wish rather to discuss briefly two points of disagreement, one factual and dealing with matters largely internal to factor-analyt ic methodology and findings, the other external and dealing with the relation between factor analysis and other parts of psychology. In his section on "Eysenck's Factors E and N [Extraversion and Neuroticism]," Guilford (197S) correctly stated that the early work on the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) and the Eysenck Personality
TL;DR: The results are interpreted as indicating that diagnostic labels are types of codes for various sectors of an implicit space of traits, signs, and symptoms.
Abstract: The major concern of this study was to identify the personality traits connotated by a number of diagnostic labels such as paranoid, schizoid, hysterical, and cyclothymic. Twenty psychiatrists were given a list of nonpsychotic personality disorders and were asked to indicate what personality traits were typically associated with them. Results showed good agreement among psychiatrists on the personality traits they believed to be implied by the diagnostic terms. A factor analysis of the ratings showed a circular configuration of relative similarity among the different diagnoses. The results are interpreted as indicating that diagnostic labels are types of codes for various sectors of an implicit space of traits, signs, and symptoms.
TL;DR: Middle-aged runners and joggers either possess or develop high levels of self-sufficiency and imagination and tend toward introversion in their personality makeup and it is not known for sure if these factors are a result of or a casual factor in their habitual exercise pattern.
Abstract: A series of personality and physiological tests and measurements were made in 48 healthy male runners and joggers 40-59 years of age (x = 47.3 yrs.). The Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire showed that the subjects were significantly more intelligent, imaginative, reserved, self-sufficient, sober, shy, and forthright than the general population. A maximal treadmill test revealed the men to be well above the mean for their age in terms of cardiorespiratory fitness. The men who had run a marathon race and the 40-49-year-age group were higher in terms of fitness than nonmarathoners and the 50-59-age groups, but the groups differed very little from each other on personality characteristics. Middle-aged runners and joggers either possess or develop high levels of self-sufficiency and imagination and tend toward introversion in their personality makeup. It is not known for sure if these factors are a result of or a casual factor in their habitual exercise pattern.
TL;DR: Chronic bronchitic patients were both more psychiatrically disturbed and more neurotic in personality than were their matched controls; but there were no differences between the 2 groups on the personality trait of extraversion or on measure of social desirability response set.
Abstract: Thirty chronic bronchitic patients with severe airways obstruction were individually matched with non-bronchitic controls from the general population. The 2 groups were compared using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) to assess non-psychotic psychiatric disturbance, the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) to assess personality traits, and the Marlowe-Crowne (M-C) scale plus the L (Lie) scale of the EPI to assess social-desirability response set. Chronic bronchitic patients were both more psychiatrically disturbed and more neurotic in personality than were their matched controls; but there were no differences between the 2 groups on the personality trait of extraversion or on measure of social desirability response set. The results are discussed in the context of both chronic bronchitis specifically and chronic illness in general, and future investigations are proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the group peer rating technique is employed to develop highly reliable measures of 16 personality traits for 445 adult workers and 237 high school seniors, which are found to have high predictive validity for pay differentials, supervisor's ratings, and school grades.
Abstract: The group peer rating technique is employed to develop highly reliable measures of 16 personality traits for 445 adult workers and 237 high school seniors. Several of these traits are found to have high predictive validity for pay differentials, supervisor's ratings, and school grades. Dimensions derived from multidimensional scaling of the traits explain between 19 and 43 percent of the variance in criterion variables, and the corresponding validity coeficients are extremely high compared to those given in Ghiselli's (1966) comprehensive review study. Moreover, the results are robust in multivariate regressions with a series of other variables.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized personality and biographical traits of creative individuals and reviewed some assessment instruments for identifying creatively talented elementary school children, including GIFT, an instrument for identifying creative elementary school students.
Abstract: Personality and biographical traits of creative individuals are summarized and some assessment instruments are reviewed. Special attention is given to GIFT, an instrument for identifying creatively talented elementary school children.
TL;DR: This paper found that both the resolution of negative feelings post-abortion and the motivation to use contraception are related to individual personality characteristics, and suggested that counseling with young, unmarried women is beneficial.
Abstract: Questionnaire responses of women who underwent legal abortions reveal a range of complex emotional reactions. This study suggests that both the resolution of negative feelings post-abortion and the motivation to use contraception are related to individual personality characteristics. Implications are offered for therapeutic intervention and for contraceptive counseling with young, unmarried women.
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: One thousand five hundred-ninety six college students completed the 16PF Questionnaire and were then categorized by involvement in athletics, type of sport, and level of success as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: One thousand five hundred-ninety six college students completed the 16PF Questionnaire and were then categorized by (1) involvement in athletics, (2) type of sport, and (3) level of success. An unbalanced hierarchical multivariate analysis of variance using Cattell's eight second stratum factors was then performed. Results support the contention that moderator variables involving sport type are of primary importance in the development of theory involving sports-personality relationships.
TL;DR: In this paper, attitudes and personality traits, as compared with nutritional knowledge, were used to predict nutritional behavior in predicting nutritional behavior, and they were found to be more important than nutritional knowledge.
Abstract: How important are attitudes and personality traits, as compared with nutritional knowledge, in predicting nutritional behavior?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the personality traits of six groups of women students in medicine, pharmacy, medical technology, physical therapy, dietetics, and occupational therapy, and find that medical students in contrast to the other five groups are guided more by thinking than feelings in their approach to work and people.
Abstract: The purpose of the study reported here was to focus on the personality traits of six groups of women students in medicine, pharmacy, medical technology, physical therapy, dietetics, and occupational therapy. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was administered to all groups to measure Extroversion-Introversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, and Judging-Perception. Results show that (a) medical students in contrast to the other five groups are guided more by thinking than feelings in their approach to work and people and (b) pharmacy students prefer well-planned, routine work in contrast to occupational therapy students who like changing situations and flexibility. Some implications of these findings for the health team are mentioned.
01 Dec 1977