Showing papers on "Big Five personality traits published in 1982"
296 citations
235 citations
TL;DR: There is a large literature on the topic of sport and personality, much of which is, unfortunately, of an unacceptably low scientific standard as discussed by the authors. Many of the results reported are contradictory and difficult to interpret, particularly because of the small sample sizes often involved.
225 citations
208 citations
177 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that personality scores on Capacity for Status, Sociability, and Self-Acceptance account for a significant additional portion of the variance in pointing error even after various possible mediating variables (e.g., exploration, familiarity, spatial visualization) were taken into account.
Abstract: Personality measures were related to several dimensions of geographical orientation ability. Participants completed a questionnaire about their sense of direction and pointed to unseen locations on or near the Berkeley campus of the University of California. In addition, participants completed the Mental Rotations Test and the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). The CPI scales assessing interpersonal dimensions related both to pointing performance and to worrying about becoming lost but not to self-reports of sense of direction. In multiple regression analyses, personality scores on Capacity for Status, Sociability, and Self-Acceptance were found to account for a significant additional portion of the variance in pointing error even after various possible mediating variables (e.g., exploration, familiarity, spatial visualization) were taken into account. It is suggested that plans of action and attitudes toward the environment engage individuals differentially in building accurate real world representations.
153 citations
141 citations
TL;DR: Differences in the heritability of personality scales may be found if one extends the search to lesser personality dimensions independent of Extraversion and Neuroticism, and it was suggested that earlier difficulties in demonstrating differential heritability may have resulted from the pervasive influence of the two major factors on the scales of typical personality inventories.
Abstract: Two existing bodies of data were examined using model-fitting procedures. The very large Swedish twin study showed evidence of differences in heritability for the sexes and for three birth cohorts, but not for the two personality scales in the study—Swedish versions of Eysenck's Extraversion and Neuroticism Scales. Using the data of the National Merit twin sample, seven orthogonal factor scales were derived from the California Psychological Inventory item pool. Statistically significant differences were found across the seven scales, for both heritability and the effects of common family environment. It was concluded that differences in the heritability of personality scales may be found if one extends the search to lesser personality dimensions independent of Extraversion and Neuroticism, and it was suggested that earlier difficulties in demonstrating differential heritability may have resulted from the pervasive influence of the two major factors on the scales of typical personality inventories.
123 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that a small familial/heritable component exists with regard to individual differences in personality, but did not demonstrate that some domains of personality are more familial or heritable than others.
Abstract: Parent-offspring regressions, sibling correlations, and other measures of family resemblance in personality were computed for 54 personality traits, assessed by several psychometric personality tests as part of the Hawaii Family Study of Cognition. Considering all scales, the results suggest that a small familial/heritable component exists with regard to individual differences in personality, but did not demonstrate that some domains of personality are more familial or heritable than others.
117 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the interrelationships of several standardized measures of nonverbal skills and personality, focusing on the concept of self-monitoring, thought to be a skill central to social interaction.
Abstract: Following recent developments concerning individual differences in nonverbal social skills, the present study examined the inter-relationships of several standardized measures of nonverbal skills and personality. Particular attention was given to the concept of self-monitoring, thought to be a skill central to social interaction. Based on previous research which suggested that self-monitoring, as measured by the Self-Monitoring Scale (SMS), is a multidimensional construct, it was hypothesized that self-monitoring may actually be comprised of a number of more basic social skills. Correlations between standardized measures of basic social skills and three factors obtained from factor analysis of the SMS (Briggs, Cheek, & Buss, 1980) supported this conception. The elements of self-monitoring appear to be “charisma,” “performance,” and “social sensitivity.”
105 citations
TL;DR: Personality-ability relationships in old age were examined in 71 elderly persons using two modes of assessment: one consisted of measuring intellectual abilities (17 tests) and personality (6 dimensions) by means of established instruments; the second mode of assessment was aimed directly at the interface between cognitive abilities and personality as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: The obtained results, applying multiple regression analysis, confirmed the directions stated in the research hypothesis, however, some of the selected variables did not contribute significantly in the regression equations.
Abstract: Hypothesized that in a multivariate statistical model, selected personality variables, depression, anxiety, neuroticism, psychoticism, misanthropy, and external locus of control, could positively predict loneliness, and self-esteem and extraversion could negatively predict loneliness scores. Two groups of Ss were studied independently. Ss in Group I were 232 Iranian college students (156 males, 76 females) who were studying in American colleges. Group II consisted of 305 Iranian students (168 males, 137 females) who were studying in Iranian universities. The obtained results, applying multiple regression analysis, confirmed the directions stated in the research hypothesis. However, some of the selected variables did not contribute significantly in the regression equations. Because of fluctuation of the regression coefficients, due to multicolinearity, the data were subjected to factor analysis. Two factors emerged with eigenvalues greater than unity. Loneliness loaded heavily on the first factor, which was identified as negative attribute of personality.
TL;DR: Hong Kong adults scored higher on Psychoticism and Social Desirability and lower on Extraversion than the British while children from Hong Kong scored lower on extraversion and Neuroticism but higher on social desire than their British counterparts.
TL;DR: The two studies reported here deal with the possibility that people low in social support are characterized by rigid, authoritarian personality characteristics and a lack of confidence in the support that informal social networks can provide.
Abstract: Determining the extent of social support and its consequences and personality correlates has been of increasing interest to researchers. The two studies reported here deal with the possibility that people low in social support are characterized by rigid, authoritarian personality characteristics and a lack of confidence in the support that informal social networks can provide. Groups differing in social support were compared on scales measuring attitudes toward mental illness and personal feelings of anomy. Subjects high in social support had more benign attitudes concerning the mentally ill and felt less anomy than did subjects low in social support. They also perceived their own early relationships with parents as being more positive. The findings are in agreement with several hypotheses about individual differences related to social support differences, and suggest that studies geared toward understanding the causal relations involved would be both theoretically and practically valuable.
TL;DR: It was concluded that as long as psychopaths can keep out of trouble, they may have many advantages over others.
Abstract: Summary Classical descriptions of the psychopathic personality include a number of highly desirable characteristics in addition to the obviously undesirable ones. Following Eysenck, it is hypothesized that this personality type is not a type at all but merely an extreme of normal personality traits. Subclinical manifestations of psychopathy are therefore studied. The MMPI “PD” scale was administered together with other scales to a random postal sample of the Australian State of New South Wales. The resulting sample of 128 people showed a representative demographic structure. High “PD” scores were found to be associated with honesty (low lie scale scores), permissiveness, good perceived relationships with others, denial of being tough and rejection of punitiveness. They were also correlated with Machiavellianism and lesser education. It was concluded that as long as psychopaths can keep out of trouble, they may have many advantages over others.
AT&T1
TL;DR: In this paper, Eysenck's theory of personality was tested in two samples by relating extraversion scores to library study locations, frequency of study breaks, and self-report of factors which influence study location.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed chest pain reports and other CAD symptoms in the context of a model of personality and health which emphasizes the role of the enduring disposition of neuroticism as a determinant of perceptions of health.
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease increases with age, but some of the factors thought to be related to CAD, including the personality disposition of neuroticism, show a pattern of lifelong stability. In the present paper, chest pain reports and other CAD symptoms are analyzed in the context of a model of personality and health which emphasizes the role of the enduring disposition of neuroticism as a determinant of perceptions of health. In the first study, the association between chest pain complaints and psychological distress measured by depression and low general well-being is documented for both sexes and for age groups from 25 to 74 in a national sample. Chest pain complaints increased with age, but an hypothesized age by chest pain group interaction was not found. In the second study, the direction of the causal connection is investigated in a longitudinal retrospective-predictive study of CAD diagnoses in a sample of 123 men followed for periods of up to 20 years. Personality variables did not predic...
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship between classroom seating preference and student personality characteristics and found that students with similar personality characteristics prefer to sit in the central seats and those who did not preferred action seats.
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between classroom seating preference and student personality characteristics. Previous research has revealed front and center seating positions are characterized by high student-teacher interaction. In this study it was suggested that one explanation for the high interaction is that students with similar personality characteristics prefer to sit in the central seats. The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire was administered to 285 undergraduates in two treatment conditions: preference seating and random seating. Analyses of variance and t tests were performed on the data. The research hyotheses were partially supported in that several personality factors were significantly different for those who chose action seats and those who did not.
TL;DR: This paper contains sections on results from studies using specific psychometric instruments and measuring specific traits, personality differences in subgroups of heroin addicts, personality changes following treatment, and suggestions for future research.
Abstract: Reviewed are 47 empirical studies. The paper contains sections on results from studies using specific psychometric instruments and measuring specific traits, personality differences in subgroups of heroin addicts, personality changes following treatment, and suggestions for future research. Measuring the presence or absence of a particular trait or characteristic is no longer sufficient. Rather, we need typologies within an interactional framework that systematically relates traits to other variables of interest (i.e., recidivism, treatment retention, and etiology).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the goal-setting research literature in an attempt to identify those variables having an effect on an individual's choice of goal level, and concluded that these variables also influence an individual choice of task difficulty.
Abstract: The goal-setting research literature is reviewed in an attempt to identify those variables having an effect on an individual's choice of goal level. Two broad areas are considered: situational factors and personality factors. Under situational factors, prior success or failure on the task, monetary and verbal incentives, feedback, participation, and competition are identified as probable determinants of the choice of goal difficulty level. Personality influences, such as need for achievement, higher-order need strength, self-assurance, and maturity are also reviewed, and it is concluded that these variables also influence an individual's choice of goal difficulty. Surprisingly, none of the reviewed studies directly examined the connection between such variables and goal difficulty; nor between goal difficulty and general personality. Thus, the early literature on level of aspiration is examined and the review supports the notion that choice of goal difficulty reflects a general personality trait, operating across different situations. Discussion focuses on the need for research which views goal-setting behaviour as a personality trait, and the problems associated with such an approach.
TL;DR: In this paper, the congruence level between the personality type of the subjects and the modal personality type in their environment was hypothesized to predict the inclination to stay and the social acceptance of 71 couples from three settlements.
TL;DR: This paper examined the degree to which personality dimensions are differently attributed to relatively diverse occupations and found that interviewers' judgments are more highly differentiated, reliable, and, perhaps, rational than has been previously supposed.