Showing papers on "Big Rip published in 1988"
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a conference on the large-scale motions of the universe which discusses topics on the problems of two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures, largescale velocity fields, the motion of the local group, small-scale microwave fluctuations, ab initio and phenomenological theories, and properties of galaxies at high and low Z.
Abstract: The present conference on the large-scale motions of the universe discusses topics on the problems of two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures, large-scale velocity fields, the motion of the local group, small-scale microwave fluctuations, ab initio and phenomenological theories, and properties of galaxies at high and low Z. Attention is given to the Pisces-Perseus supercluster, large-scale structure and motion traced by galaxy clusters, distances to galaxies in the field, the origin of the local flow of galaxies, the peculiar velocity field predicted by the distribution of IRAS galaxies, the effects of reionization on microwave background anisotropies, the theoretical implications of cosmological dipoles, and n-body simulations of universe dominated by cold dark matter.
174 citations
TL;DR: The Universal Field Theory (UFT) as discussed by the authors is a four-dimensional analog of string field theory which is a good approximation to UFT if the universal field is classical and if the vertex for emission of a new connected component of the universe is concentrated on universes of small volume.
153 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that in this approach the wave function of the Universe is uniquely determined by the boundary conditions.
Abstract: The ''tunneling'' approach to quantum cosmology is applied to a perturbative superspace model in which the inhomogeneous modes of the gravitational and scalar fields are treated as linear perturbations. It is shown that in this approach the wave function of the Universe is uniquely determined by the boundary conditions. It describes a universe nucleating as a de Sitter space with quantum fields in de Sitter-invariant vacuum states.
63 citations
TL;DR: There is sufficient evidence at present to justify the belief that the universe began to exist without being caused to do so as mentioned in this paper, including the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems that are based on Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, and the recently introduced Quantum Cosmological Models of the early universe.
Abstract: There is sufficient evidence at present to justify the belief that the universe began to exist without being caused to do so. This evidence includes the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems that are based on Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, and the recently introduced Quantum Cosmological Models of the early universe. The singularity theorems lead to an explication of the beginning of the universe that involves the notion of a Big Bang singularity, and the Quantum Cosmological Models represent the beginning largely in terms of the notion of a vacuum fluctuation. Theories that represent the universe as infinitely old or as caused to begin are shown to be at odds with or at least unsupported by these and other current cosmological notions.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a cold dark matter-dominated universe with a density parameter Omega(0) and a primordial spectral index n different from unity is considered, and its possible consistency with the inflationary model is discussed.
Abstract: The theoretical prejudice for a flat universe with an initially scale-invariant power spectrum has restricted the number of cosmological scenarios investigated for studying the formation of structure in the universe. A cold dark matter-dominated universe with a density parameter Omega(0) and a primordial spectral index n different from unity is considered, and its possible consistency with the inflationary model is discussed. It is shown that some of the difficulties of a flat cold dark matter scenario can be avoided by having Omega(0) less than 1 and n less than 1. For Omega(0) roughly 0.4 and n roughly 0.75 a good agreement is obtained with the large-scale drifts, the bounds on the cosmic microwave background smoothness, the Abell cluster abundance, and their correlation function. 85 references.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the spin-torsion coupling interaction has been used for the formation of a magnetic field in the early universe, which may be important in the process of galaxy formation.
Abstract: We consider some mechanisms which can be responsible for the formation of a magnetic field in the early universe. It happens that introducing the spin-torsion coupling interaction a magnetic field results, compatible with observation data, which may be important in the process of galaxy formation.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a homogeneous and isotropic universe is studied in the framework of the relativistic theory of gravitation under the assumption that the graviton has a nonzero rest mass.
Abstract: A homogeneous and isotropic universe (Friedmann universe) is studied in the framework of the relativistic theory of gravitation under the assumption that the graviton has a nonzero rest mass. This fundamentally changes the evolution of the Friedmann universe, which becomes oscillatory; there is an infinite time and, very importantly, the matter density is always finite and nonzero.
17 citations
TL;DR: A globally causal vacuum solution with the symmetries of the Goedel universe is obtained in the framework of higher-derivative gravity and is an embedding of the three-dimensional anti--de Sitter universe in four-dimensional space-time.
Abstract: A globally causal vacuum solution with the symmetries of the Goedel universe is obtained in the framework of higher-derivative gravity. This very peculiar and rare result has no similar one in standard general relativity. The Reboucas-Tiomno universe, i.e., the unique completely causal Goedel-type solution of Einstein's field equations with an algebraic Segre characteristic ((1,11)1), is shown to be a special case of our solution. We also show that our model is an embedding of the three-dimensional anti--de Sitter universe in four-dimensional space-time.
17 citations
TL;DR: The naive no-boundary wave function of the universe is shown to be invariant under diffeomorphisms only for the simplest spacetime topologies and a more general construction which does give an invariant wave function is exhibited.
Abstract: The naive no-boundary wave function of the universe is shown to be invariant under diffeomorphisms only for the simplest spacetime topologies. A more general construction which does give an invariant wave function of the universe is exhibited. Similar problems, some familiar, some not, are encountered in a wide range of theories whose physical configuration space is topologically nontrivial. These include the theory of identical particles, Yang-Mills theory, higher-dimensional gravity, and membrane theories. The sum-over-histories formulation of quantum mechanics provides a unified approach to these problems and their resolution.
14 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The early history of the universe has been studied extensively in cosmology as discussed by the authors and cosmology can provide clues to the riddle of unification of all laws of physics in the universe.
Abstract: This book addresses a frontier area of research in cosmology relating to the very early history of the universe It describes the current search for answers to such questions as: Did the universe have a beginning? Is it dominated by matter, rather than antimatter? Why, how, and when did galaxies form? What is the nature of matter that cannot be seen but is believed to exist? Do we have any relics of the early epochs to indicate how the laws of physics operated in those times? Can cosmology supply clues to the riddle of unification of all laws of physics? In simplified form it describes the scientific speculation on the origin of the universe and the nature of the physical laws
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, paradoxical situations regarding the balance between the different forms of energy present and the velocities of expansion in the early stages of the big bang are discussed and solutions are suggested in the framework of Newtonian gravitation.
Abstract: Some paradoxical situations regarding the balance between the different forms of energy present and the velocities of expansion in the early stages of the big bang are discussed. Solutions are suggested in the framework of Newtonian gravitation.
TL;DR: The authors showed that the observable region of the universe could not have evolved out of a causally connected domain in the past, even in inflationary models, and that the homogeneity of CMBR is due to the fact that the universe is still young.
Abstract: The authors stress the distinction between 'observed region of the Universe' and 'observable region of the Universe'. They show that (i) the observable region of the Universe could not have evolved out of a causally connected domain in the past, even in inflationary models, and (ii) the homogeneity of CMBR is due to the fact that the Universe is still young.
TL;DR: The possibility of inflation taking place in closed universe which admits the creation of matter is discussed in this article, where the authors discuss the possibility of the existence of infinite numbers of atoms.
Abstract: The possibility of inflation taking place in closed universe which admits the creation of matter is discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, a number of exact cosmological solutions in the SU(1, 1)/U(1) "no-scale" theory of supergravity are presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the possibility of quantum creation of an inflationary universe filled with the fields of maximal extended N = 8 supergravity and show that the creation of a universe with a more isotropic topology is more probable.
Abstract: We discuss the possibility of quantum creation of an inflationary universe filled with the fields of maximal extended N = 8 supergravity. If the created universe has spatial topology (S/sup 1/)/sup 3/ and after the creation Starobinskii's inflationary scenario through the topological Casimir effect in N = 8 supergravity is realized, the probability of creation of such a universe can be estimated in the semiclassical approximation. The estimate shows that the creation of a universe with a more isotropic topology is more probable.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce an assumption that the universe is an actual subsystem of the infinite whole of reality, and analyze the consequences of introducing this assumption into the standard model of the universe, concluding that the Universe, with respect to its evolution, represents an ultrastable system consisting of a dynamic system of the 'de Sitter' evolution phase with the Planck values and of a 'Friedmann' phase of evolution into which the dynamics of its partial subsystems is incorporated.
Abstract: On the basis of the law of conservation of energy, the variations of radiation energy as a result of the variations of the dimensions of the Universe and of the increase in total energy of the hypothetical false vacuum, the author introduces an assumption that the Universe is an actual subsystem of the infinite whole of reality. Analyzing the consequences of introducing this assumption into the standard model of the Universe, he comes to the conclusion that the Universe, with respect to its evolution, represents an ultrastable system consisting of a dynamic system of the ‘de Sitter’ evolution phase with the Planck values and of a dynamic system of Friedmann's phase of evolution into which the dynamics of its partial subsystems is incorporated.
TL;DR: Hardons were created due to a phase transition whereby the propagating torsion acquired a non-vanishing value as discussed by the authors, which was interpreted as an extended conformal symmetry breaking in the very early universe.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the nonminimal coupling of a massive self-interacting scalar field with a gravitational field and showed that symmetry breakdown occurs in the early universe and it is restored only in the limit of an infinite expansion.
Abstract: The nonminimal coupling of a massive self-interacting scalar field with a gravitational field is studied. Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs in the open universe even when the sign on the mass term is positive. In contrast to grand unified theories, symmetry breakdown is more important for the early universe and it is restored only in the limit of an infinite expansion. Symmetry breakdown is shown to occur in flat and closed universes when the mass term carries a wrong sign. The model has a naturally defined effective gravitational coupling coefficient which is rendered time-dependent due to the novel symmetry breakdown. It changes sign below a critical value of the cosmic scale factor indicating the onset of a repulsive field. The presence of the mass term severely alters the behaviour of ordinary matter and radiation in the early universe. The total energy density becomes negative in a certain domain. These features make possible a nonsingular cosmological model for an open universe. The model is also free from the horizon and the flatness problems.
TL;DR: In this paper, the ground-state functional corresponding to a closed bosonic string is derived by using the path-integral approach for the simple compact topology of a finite cylinder, which satisfies the ''no boundary'' Hartle-Hawking prescription and, therefore, is considered as a candidate to describe the quantum state of the very early universe.
Abstract: The ground-state functional corresponding to a closed bosonic string is derived by using the path-integral approach for the simple compact topology of a finite cylinder. This functional integral satisfies the ''no boundary'' Hartle-Hawking prescription and, therefore, we consider it as a candidate to describe the quantum state of the very early Universe. In light of this result and some thermodynamical considerations, the initial conditions of a stringy universe and its low-energy limit are discussed.
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this article, three mechanisms for the formation of large voids are discussed and a few modifications have been made to these mechanisms: these are presented here, as well as some modifications.
Abstract: Three mechanisms for the formation of large voids are discussed. These have been considered elsewhere, however, since these were presented we have considered them in more detail which lead to a few modifications: these are presented here.
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TL;DR: An interpretation of quantum mechanics based on the hypothesis that all the systems radiate and absorb energy arising from the environment, is presented in this article, where the authors show that quantum mechanics should give time-average values for the dynamical properties over a sufficiently long duration, h would be the coupling coefficient between the system and the rest of the universe.
Abstract: An interpretation of quantum mechanics based on the hypothesis that all the systems radiate and absorb energy arising from the environment, is presented. Quantum mechanics should give time-average values for the dynamical properties over a sufficiently long duration, h would be the coupling coefficient between the system and the rest of the universe. It would decrease as the universe expands.