Showing papers on "Dominance (ethology) published in 1979"
Book•
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the nature and extent of female sexual slavery, explore the psychological foundations of male dominance and survey the by-products of a patriarchal society, including pimps, procurers, rapists, enforced marriages, and polygamous arrangements.
Abstract: Examines the nature and extent of female sexual slavery, exploring the psychological foundations of male dominance and surveys the by-products of a patriarchal society--pimps, procurers, rapists, enforced marriages, and polygamous arrangements.
605 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a stable dominance hierarchy was found in 8 groups of 12-to 14-year-old male and female adolescents at a summer camp, and the dominance hierarchy correlated significantly with the rank orderings of pubertal maturation, athletic ability and group leadership.
Abstract: SAVIN-WILLIAMS, RITCH C. Dominance Hierarchies in Groups of Early Adolescents. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1979, 50, 923-935. By using behavioral observations and sociometric methods, a stable dominance hierarchy was found in 8 groups of 12to 14-year-old male and female adolescents at a summer camp. Status position was relatively stable over time and across behavior settings. For both sexes the dominance hierarchy correlated significantly with the rank orderings of pubertal maturation, athletic ability, and group leadership. There were notable sex differences in the specific behaviors utilized to assert dominance and in the stability of the dominance hierarchy; the group structure in female cabins was more likely to fluctuate over time and in accordance to situational events. The dominance hierarchy appears to foster a reduction in intragroup antagonism, to focus division of labor responsibilities, to distribute any scarce resources, and to provide knowledge of where one's place is among peers.
254 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that syntactic islands, first characterized by Ross (1967), can best be described and explained in functional rather than purely structural terms.
Abstract: In this paper, we argue that syntactic islands, first characterized by Ross (1967), can best be described and explained in functional rather than purely structural terms. We define here first a pragmatic (discourse-based) property dominance and we offer operational criteria to discern its presence in a sentence. We then state our hypothesis concerning extraction which we formulate in terms of dominance. In part 2 we attempt to show that our hypothesis allows us to account for all of Ross' constraints and that we are also able to capture certain distinctions in acceptability, which elude his and other syntactic approaches. In the third section we argue that Postal's claim concerning a correlation between islands and certain ambiguities is incorrect. A partial correlation of a different sort can be predicted and explained in terms of dominance.
148 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define a dyadic system's relational structure on the basis of communicative behaviors and find that dyadic satisfaction, degree of interspousal understanding, and interaction styles are associated with differential levels of dyadic dominance.
Abstract: This paper continues the effort to define a dyadic system's relational structure on the basis of communicative behaviors. Domineeringness, an individual measure based on one‐up messages, and dominance, a joint measure based on the dyad's transactional patterns, are the central variables of concern. The findings offer additional support for the conceptual distinction between domineeringness and dominance. Further, these major variables are associated with differential levels of dyadic satisfaction, degree of interspousal understanding, and interaction styles.
115 citations
TL;DR: The results of the first "mental travel" experiment showed that the positive correlation between physical distance and reaction time was replicated, and when given a choice, subjects' reaction times varied as a function of verbal codes rather than imagery.
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to assess the extent of potential experimental demand characteristics inherent in the image-scanning paradigm. The results of the first "mental travel" experiment that pitted verbal versus imagery coding showed that (a) the positive correlation between physical distance and reaction time was replicated, and (b) when given a choice, subjects' reaction times varied as a function of verbal codes rather than imagery. To isolate the effects due to demand constraints from those produced by mode dominance, a nonexperiment in which subjects received only a description of the image-scanning procedure was conducted. Results demonstrated that subjects were capable of predicting the reaction time results for both verbal and imagery codes. The presence of experimental demand in the image-scanning paradigm necessitates caution when structural interpretations of visual images are considered.
110 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a distinction is made between control movements indicating domineering message behavior and control patterns of dominance, and different dyadic patterns of satisfaction and interaction style are associated with these two dimensions.
Abstract: This paper attempts to clarify the conceptualization of interpersonal power dimensions and offers a relational-level definition and measure of dominance. A distinction is made between control movements indicating domineering message behavior and control patterns of dominance. The findings support (1) that domineeringness and dominance are separate control variables, and (2) that different dyadic patterns of satisfaction and interaction style are associated with these two dimensions.
105 citations
75 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for measuring the aggressiveness of a red grouse was described, which varied according to season, type of cage, and social environment of the grouse.
Abstract: A method for measuring the aggressiveness of captive cock red grouse is described. A cock's aggressiveness varied according to season, type of cage and social environment. A method for ranking the dominance order of cocks in a group is also described. Dominance ranks remained stable for up to two years. Correlations between the aggressiveness of isolated cocks and their dominance ranks when in a group were positive but weak. Aggressiveness and dominance should be clearly distinguished. Both aggressiveness and dominance were related to the size of cock's combs, and implants of testosterone increased all three. In situations where a cock's aggressiveness changed, comb size changed in the same direction. The aggressive behaviour of captive cocks shows several major parallels with that of wild cocks.
66 citations
61 citations
TL;DR: The octavolateralis area in anamniotic vertebrates constitutes the bulk of the hindbrain alar plate and is the primary target of three cranial nerves : anterior lateral line, octavius, and posterior lateral line 2,3,6-s.
55 citations
TL;DR: The apparent differences between the VA and the VP conflict situations are discussed with regard to the feasibility of generating a unitary explanation of localization conflict results and several further factors are discussed that must be explored before undertaking such a unitARY formulation.
Abstract: Visual–auditory (VA) and visual–proprioceptive (VP) localization conflict paradigms were varied to explore the comparability of the conflict situations. In experiment 1 various attempts were made to decrease the dominance of visual information over proprioceptive and auditory target information. Pairing auditory with proprioceptive information against conflicting visual information did not lessen the visual dominance, nor did dimming the visual field. A ‘cognitive’ manipulation, in which the subject was led to doubt the reliability of the visual information, reduced visual dominance over audition but not visual dominance over proprioception. This difference between the two conflict situations was further explored and corroborated in experiment 2. In experiment 3 no attempt was made to lead the subject to believe that paired discrepant targets were related, and the visual dominance of audition was strong while the visual dominance of proprioception did not occur.The apparent differences between the VA and ...
TL;DR: It is shown that an optimally hierarchical predator population can stably achieve a much larger depression of the prey below its carrying capacity than is possible for a simple predator population composed of identical individuals.
TL;DR: It is argued that the concept of social dominance is likely to be a useful explanatory principle in a theory of primate social behaviour and its potential explanatory utility lies in its prediction of change in affiliative relationships in the social group.
TL;DR: Subjects were timed as they judged whether items presented to them were English words or not, and Comparisons were made between responses to nouns and to verbs, and between concrete and abstract nouns, on the other hand.
TL;DR: Men's fear and envy of women and men's tenuous masculine identity arise from the exclusive early mother-child tie as discussed by the authors, and it is suggested that an important step in altering the development of the motive underlying male dominance would be to have men as well as women care for infants.
Abstract: Writings in psychoanalytic theory and social science that discuss the basis of men's motive to dominate women are reviewed. Both men's fear and envy of women and men's tenuous masculine identity arise from the exclusive early mother-child tie. It is suggested that an important step in altering the development of the motive underlying male dominance would be to have men, as well as women, care for infants. The possibility of greater equality in the family and in the economy is discussed.
TL;DR: The garbage needs to be taken out at least as often as my mother does as discussed by the authors, and she's the one who's had to do it at least twice this week, even though the bag was only half full.
Abstract: "Listen, Joe, I want to talk to you about the garbage. "What about it?" "It needs to be taken out, and I've already taken it out twice this week." "Last time I looked, the bag was only half full." "But it's starting to smell! Can't you smell it? It must be that cauliflower we had last night." "Hey, come on, don't start acting like my mother. You know I take it out at least as often as you do." "Then how come I'm the one who's had to do it
TL;DR: This paper used the concept of hemispheric dominance, a differential facility in using the specialized functions of one hemisphere as opposed to the other hemisphere has shown that retention in verbal learning is related to this factor.
Abstract: The present study, using the concept of hemispheric dominance, a differential facility in using the specialized functions of one hemisphere as opposed to the other hemisphere has shown that retention in verbal learning is related to this factor. Of most importance was the finding that auditory presentation was related to left-hemispheric domiance while visual presentaiton was related to right-hemispheric dominance.
TL;DR: In the United States, race is being subsumed, in an altered form, under ethnicity as discussed by the authors, and it has played a crucial role in effecting these changes, which is a consideration of what such changes might mean for American folk conceptions of dominance and hierarchy.
Abstract: The terms "race" and "ethnic group" are widely used in the United States, both popularly and scientifically. There is evidence to suggest that people in the United States are beginning to use these terms differently and are switching from classifying people primarily on the basis of race to classifying them primarily on the basis of ethnicity. At the same time race is being subsumed, in an altered form, under ethnicity. Black activism has played a crucial role in effecting these changes. This paper is a consideration of what such changes might mean for American folk conceptions of dominance and hierarchy.
TL;DR: This paper found that females were more dominant and males less dominant in dyads containing high performance-self-esteem females; the reverse was true for dyads consisting of low performance selfesteem females.
Abstract: Past studies suggest that males tend to be more dominant than females in task-oriented, mixed-sex groups. It was hypothesized that one factor accounting for this sex difference is performance-self-esteem. Subjects were 44 male-female pairs (college undergraduates) who participated in a decision-making task. As predicted, female performance-self-esteem level was related to the dominance cluster of opinions, disagreements, and decision outcome scores (p < .035). Females were more dominant and males less dominant in dyads containing high performance-self-esteem females; the reverse was true in dyads containing low performance-self-esteem females. No relationship was found between male performance-self-esteem level and dominance. Also, with performance-self-esteem level controlled, no overall sex difference in dominance occurred. However, some sex differences were found in the relationships between outcome satisfaction and dominance for high and low performance-self-esteem subjects.
TL;DR: In this article, the observed features of electromagnetic transitions in 10B were interpreted with a simplified model based on the dominance of the [42] representation in the relevant states, and the model was applied to the 10B spectrum.
TL;DR: In general, the right eye performs better than the left, although there are interactions with sighting dominance and the direction of eye movement.
Abstract: Although monocular recognition scores for targets presented immediately after an eye movement do not differ, the two eyes show marked recognition asymmetries when both eyes are receiving inputs but a specific target is only presented to one. In general, the right eye performs better than the left, although there are interactions with sighting dominance and the direction of eye movement.
TL;DR: Ability to perform successfully on multiple-choice tests was assessed for students displaying various cognitive styles and the effects of cerebral dominance on student's ability to complete multiple- choice questions successfully were determined.
Abstract: Ability to perform successfully on multiple-choice tests was assessed for students displaying various cognitive styles. Male and female undergraduate students were classified according to right, left, or integrated cerebral functioning as determined by Your Style of Learning and Thinking test. The students participated in introductory classes in educational psychology and completed multiple-choice questions designed to assess content. The effects of cerebral dominance on student's ability to complete multiple-choice questions successfully were determined. Students designated by SOLAT as left dominant correctly completed significantly more multiple-choice questions than did right-dominant students. Implications for education were discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, three new dominance characteristics are introduced to the multivariable Nyquist array methods, including a conformal mapping procedure to establish a new set of bands in the image plane to assist in feedback gain selection and stability assessment.
Abstract: Three new dominance characteristics are introduced to the multivariable Nyquist array methods. The first characteristic utilizes a conformal mapping procedure to establish a new set of bands in the 'image' plane to assist in feedback gain selection and stability assessment. The second characteristic uses the 'image' band concept to provide a theoretical foundation for finite frequency dominance considerations, thus removing the restrictive requirement of dominance for all s on the Nyquist D contour. The third characteristic provides for the sharing of system dominance among the feedback control loops. The dominance sharing concept may be used to establish dominance and/or to improve the dominance condition in prespecified feedback loops.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The assumption of a linear dominance hierarchy accounted for 78% of the outcomes of aggressive interactions in a group of 26 mature male American bison (Bison bison) during a breeding season as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The assumption of a linear dominance hierarchy accounted for 78% of the outcomes of aggressive interactions in a group of 26 mature male American bison (Bison bison) during a breeding season. All recorded interactions between bulls were initiated aggressively, and 88% of all interactions were won by the initiator. The dominant-subordinant roles were reversed at least once in most dyads during the three weeks. Neither age nor body weight were correlated with high social standing. Bulls with higher social standing had higher breeding rates.
TL;DR: This note presents an alternative proof of a result on statistical dominance first given by Fishburn, which is simpler than the original, and avoids the use of the rather complex Abel's summation identity.
Abstract: This note presents an alternative proof of a result on statistical dominance first given by Fishburn. The proof is simpler than the original, and avoids the use of the rather complex Abel's summation identity. A criterion of "weak" dominance is then proposed in order to deal with situations where it is not possible to establish Fishburn's "strict" dominance. It is also shown that "strict" dominance is a special case of the more general concept of "weak" dominance.