Showing papers on "Emancipation published in 1984"

Slavery and Human Progress

Abstract: Pulitzer Prize-winner David Brion Davis here provides a penetrating survey of slavery and emancipation from ancient times to the twentieth century. His trenchant analysis puts the most recent international debates about freedom and human rights into much-needed perspective. Davis shows that slavery was once regarded as a form of human progress, playing a critical role in the expansion of the western world. It was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that views of slavery as a retrograde institution gained far-reaching acceptance. Davis illuminates this momentous historical shift from "progressive" enslavement to "progressive" emancipation, ranging over an array of important developments--from the slave trade of early Muslims and Jews to twentieth-century debates over slavery in the League of Nations and the United Nations. In probing the intricate connections among slavery, emancipation, and the idea of progress, Davis sheds new light on two crucial issues: the human capacity for dignifying acts of oppression and the problem of implementing social change.

Mobilisation without emancipation? Women's interests, state and revolution in Nicaragua

Abstract: The fall of Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza in July 1979 could not have been achieved without the mass urban insurrections which brought the capital, Managua, and other key cities under the increasing control of the revolutionary forces. This was the culmination of a process of growing popular opposition characterised by the incorporation of a wide cross-section of the population into political activity.

Slave Populations of the British Caribbean, 1807-1834

Abstract: This book is a reprint of work that originally appeared in 1984. It gives excellent and thorough treatment of major demographic aspects of British Caribbean slavery from abolition of slave trade to slave emancipation. Draws heavily on extensive date available from slave registration returns for various islands to provide comparative perspective of nature of slave life. It is essential for serious scholars of the region.

The Republic of St. Peter: The Birth of the Papal State, 680-825

Abstract: The Republic of St. Peter seeks to reclaim for central Italy an important part of its own history. Noble's thesis is at once original and controversial: that the Republic, an independent political entity, was in existence by the 730s and was not a creation of the Franks in the 750s. Noble examines the political, economic, and religious problems that impelled the central Italians--and a succession of resolute popes--to seek emancipation from the Byzantine Empire. He delineates the social structures and historical traditions that produced a distinctive political society, describes the complete governmental apparatus of the Republic, and provides a comprehensive assessment of the Franco-papal alliance.

Liberation/Emancipation, Economic Marginalization, or Less Chivalry

Abstract: The alleged criminogenic nature of female liberation/emancipation has been tested recently by numerous North American researchers. Not only did the results lead them to different conclusions, but they did not test simultaneously for the effects on female conviction rates of increasing economic marginalization or less chivalrous treatment by the public, police, or courts toward female suspects. Data relating to England and Wales for 1951-1980 are used to test these competing explanations for changes in female criminality. The results give little support to the emancipation/liberation causes female crime hypothesis, but do provide limited support for the marginalization thesis. However, changes in social labelling appear to have a significant impact on female conviction rates, suggesting that previous researches omitting this possibility were seriously deficient. The authors suggest further research on actual women's lives and behavioral responses as a means of testing the effects of liberation/emancipation and marginalization on female criminal behavior.

Public Philosophy and the Crisis in Education

Abstract: Henry Giroux is concerned that the current debate over the quality of education in the United States is characterized by a "new" public philosophy which is as problematic as the crisis it attempts to resolve. Criticizing the movement to link the outcomes of education solely to the needs of the business community, he argues that this philosophy towards education undermines efforts to equip students with the skills necessary to analyze the sociopolitical processes at work. Giroux advocates an educational policy for federal and state governments that ensures the teaching of critical literacy and civic courage. Such an approach requires a commitment of political and financial resources to creating schools that function as sites of learning of social interaction, and of human emancipation.

Essays on equality, law, and education

Abstract: Of John Stuart Mill's major commitments, none was more passionately pursued than equality; it marks his writings throughout his life, and serves as a uniting force in his comments on many subjects, especially lawand education. This volume presents, in scholarly form for the first time, writings that reveal his goals and methods in diverse circumstances. They begin with his precocious essay on the law of libel and include his influential Subjection of Women, his major essays on slavery, his Inaugural Address at St Andrews (a surprisingly succinct summary of his thought), and his contributionsin the struggle to being Governor Eyre of Jamaica to trial. A variety of shorter essays is also presented: such personal documents as his declaration just before amrriage renouncing all legal rights over his wife, and his and Harriett Taylor's companion pieces on marriage, newly edited from manuscript. Also included is Mill's evidence before parliamentary committees on education (1866) and the Contagious Diseases Acts (1870). The appendices include ancillary texts (such as Harriett Taylor's "Emancipation of Women") and a bibliographic index listing all works and persons mentioned or quoted in the essays. An analytic index gives easy access to the full range of Mill's ideas in these important essays.

Women in Groups: An Analysis of Women's Benevolent Organizations in New York and Boston, 1797–1840

Abstract: Historians have long recognized the importance of organizations in women's history. From a pioneering 1940 article by Mary Bosworth Treudley, through the work of Eleanor Flexner, to recent works by Nancy F. Cott, Keith E. Melder, and Barbara J. Berg, scholars have outlined the basic pattern of women's organizational beginnings. By 1800 the first permanent women's societies, such as the Society for the Relief of Poor Widows with Small Children in New York, the Boston Female Asylum (founded in 1800), and women's missionary groups had appeared on the urban scene. Members of those societies combined an interest in social meliorism with an emphasis on social deference while also exhibiting concern for the spiritual welfare of those whom they aided. During the 1810s and 1820s, under the influence of the Second Great Awakening, there formed new women's organizations whose members sought first to alleviate spiritual want, then to deal with temporal deprivation. Through Sunday school, tract, Bible, and missionary societies, women labored to convert the objects of their attention as well as to minister to their daily needs. During the late 1820s and 1830s, more actively reformist, even millennialist, women's organizations developed. The New-York and the Boston Female Moral Reform societies worked to reform prostitutes and to eradicate the sexual double standard; female abolitionist societies sought immediate emancipation of slaves; and groups such as the Seamen's Aid Society, Boston, became actively involved in the problems of working women. 1

Karl Mannheim and the Crisis of Liberalism: The Secret of These New Times

Abstract: To reflect on Karl Mannheim is to address fundamental issues of political enlightenment Mannheim's driving determination "was to learn as a sociologist by close observation the secret (even if it is infernal) of these new times." Mannheim's aim was "to carry liberal values forward." His problem remains irresistible to reflective people at the end of the twentieth century. Mannheim attempted to link social thinking to political emancipation despite overwhelming evidence against the connection. Karl Mannheim and the Crisis of Liberalism is a sympathetic biography of Mannheim's paradoxicalaand paradigmatica'project. The book covers a wide range of European and American thought, including Mannheim's dealings with Georg Lukacs and Oscar Jszi in Budapest; with Alfred Weber, Leopold von Wiese, Franz Neumann, Paul Tillich, Adolph Loewe, and his students in Weimar Germany; with Louis Wirth, Edward Shils, and other major figures in American sociology; and with social analysts and religious thinkers in England. The analysis is informed by dilemmas of history and theory, science and rhetoric, freedom and technical controlathe themes of liberalism. Kettler and Meja carefully depict each stage of Mannheim's life as a sociologist and explore his influence on leading social thinkers. Karl Mannheim and the Crisis of Liberalism combines significant biographical information with insightful sociological theory. It will be a vital resource for historians, sociologists, and political theorists.

Land tenure in the free villages of Trelawny, Jamaica: A case study in the Caribbean peasant response to emancipation

Abstract: (1984). Land tenure in the free villages of Trelawny, Jamaica: A case study in the Caribbean peasant response to emancipation. Slavery & Abolition: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 3-23.

Explaining Abolition: Contradiction, Adaptation, and Challenge in Cuban Slave Society, 1860–1886

Abstract: In the middle decades of the nineteenth century, as slavery was disappearing elsewhere in the New World, slave-based plantation production of sugar in Cuba reached remarkable heights of technological sophistication and output. In 1868 Cuba produced 720,250 metric tons of sugar, more than 40 percent of the cane sugar reaching the world market in that year. Yet just as production reached these levels, the abolition of slavery in Cuba was initiated, beginning a process of slave emancipation that was to last nearly twenty years. Yet just as production reached these levels, the abolition of slavery in Cuba was initiated, beginning a process of slave emancipation that was to last nearly twenty years. This concurrence of events raises the question, What was the relationship between slavery and the development of sugar production, and why did emancipation in Cuba take place when and as it did?

The Widening Racial Gap in American Higher Education.

Abstract: The attainment of education for blacks in the United States has inauspicious origins in the early history of this country when enslaved Africans were forbidden by law to receive educational instruction. Although some masters allowed their slaves to learn to read and write, the vast majority of blacks were illiterate, a condition that continued through the nineteenth century. Emancipation resulted in the migration of many blacks to the North and black progress occurred in education as well as a number of other areas such as health and employment (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1979). The Bureau of the Census (1979) reports that this progress has continued through the twentieth century; however, the decade of the 1960s marked the most significant gains for

Towards emancipation: Slave women and resistance to coercive labour regimes in the British West Indian colonies, 1790–1838∗

Abstract: (1984). Towards emancipation: Slave women and resistance to coercive labour regimes in the British West Indian colonies, 1790–1838. Slavery & Abolition: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 222-243.

Self-Emancipation in Kentucky@@@Black Liberation in Kentucky: Emancipation and Freedom, 1862-1884.@@@Free Frank: A Black Pioneer on the Antebellum Frontier.

Abstract: We first learn details of Frank's life when in 1795 his owner moved to Pulaski County, Kentucky. We know that he married Lucy, a slave on a neighboring farm, in 1799. Later he was allowed to hire out his time, and when his owner moved to Tennessee, Frank was left in charge of the Kentucky farm. During the War of 1812, he set up his own saltpeter works, an enterprise he maintained until he left Kentucky. In 1817 he purchased his wife's freedom for $800; two years later he bought his own liberty for the same price. Now free, he expanded his activities, purchasing land and dealing in livestock.

"... eftersom nu en gång en nådig försyn täckts hosta upp dem på Sveriges gästvänliga stränder". Mosaiska församlingen i Stockholm inför den östjudiska invandringen till staden 1860–1914

Abstract: The first part of this article is based upon a study of the applications for Swedish citizenship preserved in the Archives of the Department of Justice in Sweden. This section focuses on the occupational and educational patterns displayed by the immigrants and outlines the social, religious and cultural difference between the established Swedish Jews and the immigrants, who, unlike the former, where rooted in both Jewish Orthodoxy and Yiddish culture. The article is based on the records kept by the community leadership and other material drawn from the community archives. Here we can discern the Community’s policy toward Eastern European immigration. Among the papers studied are two petitions presented to the authorities (in 1862 and in 1905) asking for measures to be taken to prevent immigration. One of the author’s conclusions is that the social, religious and cultural difference existing between the Jewish groups cannot justify the Community’s restrictive policy. Indeed one of the major factors influencing the Community’s negative decisions was the pressure from the Swedish society. The leadership feared that an Orthodox influx would compel the community to support Orthodox sectarian needs. The Eastern Jewish immigration was thought to give the Swedish society a wrong idea by suggesting that the social emancipation of the Jews had been unsuccessful.

Sur le front des sexes: un combat douteux

Abstract: On the sex front, Michelle Perrot ; The conclusions of a recent colloquium on « Women and War » organized by the Center for European Studies at Harvard University shake up the conventional wisdom that the 20th century wars helped in the emancipation of women. Two world conflicts certainly gave them « man's » work and greater individual freedom. But such changes hardly altered the inherited sexual roles : as nurses or Resistance flghters, factory workers or union activists, women are subjected to the power of man in war as in peace time. Wars accelerated some changes and retarded others. Contradictory in their impact, they helped the victory of feminist ideas, but announced the men's revenge.