Showing papers on "Erbium published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this paper , the erbium binolate complexes (Binol)3ErNa3, exhibiting an exceptionally high dissymmetry factor (|glum |) of 0.47 at 1550 nm were obtained.
Abstract: Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in two subregions of the near-infrared (NIR) has been achieved. By leveraging the rigidity and diminishing detrimental vibrations of the heterobimetallic binolate complexes of erbium [(Binol)3ErNa3], species exhibiting an exceptionally high dissymmetry factor (|glum |) of 0.47 at 1550 nm were obtained. These erbium complexes are the first reported examples of CPL observed beyond 1200 nm. Analogous complexes of ytterbium and neodymium also exhibited strong CPL (|glum| = 0.17, 0.05, respectively) in a higher energy NIR window (800-1200 nm). All complexes exhibit high quantum yields (Er: 0.58%, Yb: 17%, Nd: 9.3%) and high BCPL values (Er: 57 M-1 cm-1, Yb: 379 M-1 cm-1, Nd: 29 M-1 cm-1). Because of their strong CPL emission in the telecom band (1550 nm), biologically relevant NIR emission window (800-1100 nm), and synthetic versatility, the complexes reported here could permit further promising developments in quantum communication technologies and biologically relevant sensors.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the upconversion of an erbium sublattice core-shell nanostructure was achieved by enabling a thermosensitive property into the intermediate 4I11/2 level of Er3+ through an energy-migration-mediated surface interaction.
Abstract: Thermal activation of upconversion luminescence in nanocrystals opens up new opportunities in biotechnology and nanophotonics. However, it remains a daunting challenge to achieve a smart control of luminescence behavior in the thermal field with remarkable enhancement and ultrahigh sensitivity. Moreover, the physical picture involved is also debatable. Here we report a novel mechanistic design to realize an ultrasensitive thermally activated upconversion in an erbium sublattice core-shell nanostructure. By enabling a thermosensitive property into the intermediate 4I11/2 level of Er3+ through an energy-migration-mediated surface interaction, the upconverted luminescence was markedly enhanced in the thermal field together with a striking thermochromic feature under 1530 nm irradiation. Importantly, the use of non thermally coupled red and green emissions contributes to the thermal sensitivity up to 5.27% K-1, 3 times higher than that obtained by using conventional thermally coupled green emissions. We further demonstrate that the controllable surface interaction is a general approach to the thermal enhancement of upconversion for a series of lanthanide-based nanomaterials. Our findings pave a new way for the development of smart luminescent materials toward emerging applications such as noncontact nanothermometry, information security, and anticounterfeiting.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a dual-mode thermometry based on fluorescence intensity ratio and fluorescence lifetime provides a self-reference and highly sensitive temperature measurement under dual wavelength excitation at a temperature from 300 to 470 K.
Abstract: In this Letter, erbium (Er3+) and ytterbium (Yb3+) codoped perovskite Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.9Bi0.1Cl6 microcrystal (MC) is synthesized and demonstrated systematically to the most prospective optical temperature sensing materials. A dual-mode thermometry based on fluorescence intensity ratio and fluorescence lifetime provides a self-reference and highly sensitive temperature measurement under dual wavelength excitation at a temperature from 300 to 470 K. Combined with the white-light emission derived from self-trapped excitons (STEs), the characteristic emission peak of Er3+ ions can be observed under 405 nm laser excitation. The fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) between perovskite and Er3+ is used as temperature-dependent probe signal, of which maximum value for relative and absolute sensitivities reaches to 1.40% K-1 and 8.20 × 10-2 K-1. Moreover, Er3+ luminescence becomes stronger with the feeding Yb3+ increasing under 980 nm laser excitation. The energy transfer of Er3+ and Yb3+ is revealed by power-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and the involved upconversion mechanism pertains to the two-photon excitation process. The results reveal that the Er3+/Yb3+ codoped lead-free double perovskite MC is a good candidate for a thermometric material for the novel dual-mode design.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors demonstrate a waveguide amplifier on Er:LNOI, which can achieve 27.94 dB signal enhancement, 16.0 dB internal net gain (6.20 dB/cm), −8.84 dBm saturation power, 4.59 dB/mW power conversion efficiency, and 4.49 dB noise figure at 1531.6 nm.
Abstract: Erbium-doped lithium niobate on insulator (Er:LNOI) has attracted enormous interest as it provides gain and enables integrated amplifiers and lasers on the lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform. We demonstrate a highly efficient waveguide amplifier on Er:LNOI. The 2.58-cm long amplifier can achieve 27.94 dB signal enhancement, 16.0 dB internal net gain (6.20 dB/cm), −8.84 dBm saturation power, 4.59 dB/mW power conversion efficiency, and 4.49 dB noise figure at 1531.6 nm. Besides, thorough investigation on the pumping wavelength, pumping scheme, output power and noise figure have been performed to provide a comprehensive understanding on this novel waveguide amplifier. This work will benefit the development of a powerful gain platform and can pave the way for a fully integrated photonic system on LNOI platform.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the optical performance of passively mode-locked pulses in erbium-doped fiber laser incorporating gold-nanoparticles (Au-NPs) as a saturable absorber (SA) was demonstrated.
Abstract: We demonstrate the optical performance of passively mode-locked pulses in erbium-doped fiber laser incorporating gold-nanoparticles (Au-NPs) as a saturable absorber (SA). Au-NPs of diameters between 5 to 15 nm were synthesized using the pulsed laser ablation method and blended with polydimethylsiloxane polymer. The resulting nanocomposite was deposited on the tapered region of a microfiber with a spin-coating method. The proposed Au-NPs SA recorded a modulation depth of 0.4% and low saturation intensity of 0.1 MW/cm2 leading to stable mode-locking operation in the erbium-doped fiber laser cavity at a low threshold pump power of about 45.6 mW. A mode-locked pulse train with a duration of 933 fs, pulse repetition rate of 6.25 MHz, and peak-to-pedestal extinction ratio of 54.1 dB was achieved at a pump power of 168.1 mW. The obtained results demonstrate that the spherical Au-NPs synthesized by pulsed laser ablation is a feasible material for SA fabrication, validating its saturable absorption properties in a 1.55 μm wavelength region.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a chiral Er complexes based on both enantiomers of extended iPrPyBox (2,6−Bis[4]-isopropyl]-4,5−dihydrooxazol-2yl)]pyridine have been shown to have strong near-infrared circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) within the 1400 to 1600'nm spectral region under 450'nm irradiation.
Abstract: Abstract Novel chiral Er complexes based on both enantiomers of extended iPrPyBox (2,6‐Bis[4‐isopropyl‐4,5‐dihydrooxazol‐2‐yl)]pyridine) show strong near‐infrared circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) within the 1400 to 1600 nm spectral region under 450 nm irradiation. CPL activity in this region, despite being particularly rare, would open the way to potential applications in the domain, e.g., of fiber‐optic telecommunications and free‐space long‐distance optical communications employing circularly polarized light. Moreover, the long wavelength excitation is advantageous for applications in the field of (circularly polarized) microscopy and bioimaging.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used physical, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence, absorption, and J-O analysis techniques to identify the change in elemental composition of fabricated glasses, while using the various concentrations of Er3+ ions.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors demonstrate the use of ion implantation to efficiently screen prospective host candidates, and show that disorder introduced by ion implantations can be mitigated through post-implantation thermal processing to achieve inhomogeneous linewidths comparable to bulk linwidths in as-grown samples.
Abstract: Erbium-doped materials can serve as spin-photon interfaces with optical transitions in the telecom $C$ band, making them an exciting class of materials for long-distance quantum communication. However, the spin and optical coherence times of ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions are limited by currently available host materials, motivating the development of new ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$-containing materials. Here we demonstrate the use of ion implantation to efficiently screen prospective host candidates, and show that disorder introduced by ion implantation can be mitigated through post-implantation thermal processing to achieve inhomogeneous linewidths comparable to bulk linewidths in as-grown samples. We present optical spectroscopy data for each host material, which allows us to determine the level structure of each site, allowing us to compare the environments of ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ introduced via implantation and via doping during growth. We demonstrate that implantation can generate a range of local environments for ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$, including those observed in bulk-doped materials, and that the populations of these sites can be controlled with thermal processing.
14 citations
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used physical, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence, absorption, and J-O analysis techniques.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a harmonically mode-locked erbium (Er)-doped fiber laser using a V2AlC-based saturable absorber (SA) at the 1.55μm wavelength region was presented.
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate a harmonically mode-locked erbium (Er)-doped fiber laser using a V2AlC-based saturable absorber (SA) at the 1.55 μm wavelength region. The prepared SA was fabricated using a side-polished fiber with V2AlC MAXphase nanoparticles via liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE). The derived saturation intensity and modulation depth of the V2AlC-based SA were approximately 63 MW/cm2 and 18%, respectively. The repetition rate was tuned from 14.98 MHz to 1.3 GHz (86th harmonic) by adjusting the pump power. The 86th harmonic mode-locked pulses at approximately 1.3 GHz repetition rate were generated with a temporal width and supermode suppression ratio of approximately 863 fs and 30 dB, respectively. These results demonstrate the application of the V2AlC MAX phase in giga-hertz frequency ultrafast fiber lasers.
TL;DR: In this article , the transition from single longitudinal mode operation to regular mode-hopping dynamics in Erbium-doped ring fiber laser with a saturable absorber was reported.
Abstract: We report on transition from single longitudinal mode operation to regular mode-hopping dynamics in Erbium-doped ring fiber laser with a saturable absorber. The laser can be switched from wavelength stabilization (with stability time of up to tens of seconds) to a wavelength self-sweeping regime (in the range of about 20 pm near 1560 nm) with an increase of the pump power and with elongation of the absorbing fiber length. The observed effect is associated with an interplay of amplitude and phase dynamic gratings. Additionally, a continuous wave single-frequency self-sweeping operation in an Erbium-doped fiber laser is demonstrated for the first time. The results are useful both for single-frequency and self-sweeping laser development.
TL;DR: In this article , a WS2:Er/Si heterojunction was used to achieve high photoresponsivity of ≈39.8 mA W−1 (at 980 nm) and a detectivity of 2.79 × 1010 cm Hz 1/2 W −1.
Abstract: The integration of 2D nanomaterials with silicon is expected to enrich the applications of 2D functional nanomaterials and pave the way for next‐generation, nanoscale optoelectronics with enhanced performances. Herein, a strategy for rare earth element doping is utilized for the synthesis of 2D WS2:Er nanosheets to achieve up‐conversion and down‐conversion emissions ranging from visible to near‐infrared regions. Moreover, the potential integration of the synthesized 2D nanosheets in silicon platforms is demonstrated by the realization of an infrared photodetector based on a WS2:Er/Si heterojunction. These devices operate at room temperature and show a high photoresponsivity of ≈39.8 mA W−1 (at 980 nm) and a detectivity of 2.79 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1. Moreover, the dark current and noise power density are suppressed effectively by van der Waals‐assisted p–n heterojunction. This work fundamentally contributes to establishing infrared detection by rare element doping of 2D materials in heterojunctions with Si, at the forefront of infrared 2DMs‐based photonics.
01 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a record of 72.64 Tb/s WDM transmission at 12.29 bits/s/Hz over 100 km G.654D fiber was reported.
Abstract: We report a record of 72.64 Tb/s WDM transmission at 12.29 bits/s/Hz over 100 km G.654D fiber. Super C-band EDFAs with 6 THz gain spectrum are used to transmit 43 130 GBaud DP-PCS256QAM channels. © OFC 2022 The Authors.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a hybrid amplifier based on bismuth-doped fiber and erbium-Doped fiber, producing 27 dB gain and 24.5 dBm of output power from 1431 nm to 1521 nm, is reported.
Abstract: A hybrid amplifier based on bismuth-doped fiber and erbium-doped fiber, producing > 27 dB gain and 24.5 dBm of output power from 1431 nm to 1521 nm, is reported. This demonstration showcases the potential of bismuth-doped fibers in opening new wavelength transmission windows.
TL;DR: The addition of Nd:YAG to VEL may induce greater improvement in superficial dyspareunia in PMW with GSM, and this difference was evident since the first treatment and remained stable over time.
Abstract: Abstract Objective This prospective pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of associating a neodymium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with a vaginal erbium laser (VEL), as a non-ablative photothermal therapy for superficial dyspareunia in postmenopausal women (PMW) suffering from genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Methods Two groups of sexually active PMW reporting superficial dyspareunia were selected: one (15 patients, VEL) was treated using an erbium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser crystal (XS Fotona SMOOTH; Fotona, Ljubljana, Slovenia) with a wavelength of 2940 nm; in the other group (15 patients, VEL + Nd:YAG) this treatment was followed by Nd:YAG laser (Fotona SP Dynamis, PIANO mode) treatment. Treatment consisted of three laser applications at 30-day intervals. Symptoms were assessed before, after each laser application and after 1 and 3 months from the end of the treatment, using the subjective visual analog scale (VAS) for superficial dyspareunia. Results Both groups showed a rapid and significant improvement of superficial dyspareunia over time (p < 0.001) independently from age and years since menopause. The VEL + Nd:YAG group showed a greater improvement of superficial dyspareunia (p < 0.001); this difference was evident since the first treatment and remained stable over time. Conclusions The addition of Nd:YAG to VEL may induce greater improvement in superficial dyspareunia in PMW with GSM.
TL;DR: In this article , a dual-wavelength nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser with a fiber length of 570 cm was optimized to achieve the maximum average output power of 19.2 mW with the repetition frequency of 11.95 MHz and pulse width of 389 fs.
TL;DR: In this article , a cladding-pumped multicore fiber with annular erbium doping for low gain compression over the C-band (1528.8 nm to 1563.9 nm) is presented.
Abstract: We report the characterization of a cladding-pumped multicore fiber with annular erbium doping for low gain compression over the C-band (1528.8 nm to 1563.9 nm). The fiber aims to minimize saturation effects by placing the erbium doping in the cladding where the signal intensity is lower. The challenge of ensuring adequate erbium ion solubility in the cladding, without unduly raising its refractive index, was answered by using aluminophosphosilicate for the doped region. Before assembling the eight-core amplifier with fan-in and fan-out, we needed to determine the optimum fiber length to meet the gain compression target when the eight cores are loaded, for a given pump power injected in the cladding. We thus performed a thorough experimental characterization of a single core. This allowed the determination of all the relevant fiber parameters needed to do numerical simulations and predict the multicore fiber amplifier performance under the fully loaded scenario. For the first time, these numerical results are compared to the experimental results of a fully loaded multicore amplifier with cladding pumping and erbium doping in the cladding. We discuss the amplifier performance in terms of gain compression when the input power signal is varied, as would be the case in dynamic optical networks. We also examine the core-to-core gain variations and the sensitivity of the design to fabrication variations. Results show that significant reduction in gain compression of multicore cladding-pump amplifiers can be achieved with the proposed annular doping design in the cladding, although improvement in the fabrication uniformity of the core will be required for practical applications. Lastly, we discuss how this erbium doped fiber design can also lead to improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) in cladding-pumped amplifiers.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a harmonically mode-locked erbium (Er)-doped fiber laser using a V2AlC-based saturable absorber (SA) at the 1.55 μm wavelength region was presented.
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate a harmonically mode-locked erbium (Er)-doped fiber laser using a V2AlC-based saturable absorber (SA) at the 1.55 μm wavelength region. The prepared SA was fabricated using a side-polished fiber with V2AlC MAXphase nanoparticles via liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE). The derived saturation intensity and modulation depth of the V2AlC-based SA were approximately 63 MW/cm2 and 18%, respectively. The repetition rate was tuned from 14.98 MHz to 1.3 GHz (86th harmonic) by adjusting the pump power. The 86th harmonic mode-locked pulses at approximately 1.3 GHz repetition rate were generated with a temporal width and supermode suppression ratio of approximately 863 fs and 30 dB, respectively. These results demonstrate the application of the V2AlC MAX phase in giga-hertz frequency ultrafast fiber lasers.
TL;DR: In this paper , the role of Er 3+ → Dy 3+ energy transfer on the luminescent characteristics of UV-excited Er 3 + /Dy 3+ co-activated fluoroborosilicate glasses via spectral overlying diagram, photoluminescence excitation, emission and decay analyses, temperature dependent luminescence and quantum efficiency measurements.
TL;DR: In this article , a femtosecond mode-locking Erbium-doped fiber laser using mechanically exfoliated rhenium disulfide (ReS 2 ) deposited onto the polished surface of a D-shaped optical fiber was reported.
Abstract: In this work, we report a femtosecond mode-locking Erbium-doped fiber laser using mechanically exfoliated rhenium disulfide (ReS 2 ) deposited onto the polished surface of a D-shaped optical fiber. By performing the polarization and saturable absorption measurements, the sample exhibited a polarization extinction ratio of 10 dB (90%) and nonlinear transmittance variation of 3.40%. When incorporated into the cavity as a saturable absorber (SA), the passive mode-locking performance of 220 fs was achieved. This is the best mode-locking performance ever reported in literature achieved with all-fiber based ReS 2 SA. By using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we obtained the electronic states and the optical absorption spectrum at 1550 nm attributed by defects in the ReS 2 structures, which is consistent with its linear and nonlinear optical absorption in the laser mode-locking mechanism.
TL;DR: In this paper , the experimental observation of Feshbach resonances in large mass-imbalance mixtures of Erbium (Er) and Lithium (Li) was reported.
Abstract: We report on the experimental observation of Feshbach resonances in large mass-imbalance mixtures of Erbium (Er) and Lithium (Li). All combinations between ${}^{168}$Er, ${}^{166}$Er and ${}^7$Li, ${}^6$Li are cooled to temperatures of a few microkelvin, partially by means of sympathetic cooling together with Ytterbium (Yb) as a third mixture component. The Er-Li inelastic interspecies collisional properties are studied for magnetic fields up to 680 G. In all cases resonant interspecies loss features, indicative of Feshbach resonances, have been observed. While most resonances have sub-Gauss widths, a few of them are broad and feature widths of several Gauss. Those broad resonances are a key to the realization of ultracold Er-Li quantum gas mixtures with tunable interactions.
TL;DR: In this article , the optical and thermal properties of a new class of fluoroindate glass with different erbium contents were investigated via Raman, transmission, and fluorescence spectroscopies, fluorescence decay curve analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry.
TL;DR: In this article , a scalable approach toward CMOS-compatible telecom qubits by using erbium-doped titanium dioxide thin films grown atop silicon-on-insulator substrates is presented.
Abstract: Isolated solid-state atomic defects with telecom optical transitions are ideal quantum photon emitters and spin qubits for applications in long-distance quantum communication networks. Prototypical telecom defects, such as erbium, suffer from poor photon emission rates, requiring photonic enhancement using resonant optical cavities. Moreover, many of the traditional hosts for erbium ions are not amenable to direct incorporation with existing integrated photonics platforms, limiting scalable fabrication of qubit-based devices. Here, we present a scalable approach toward CMOS-compatible telecom qubits by using erbium-doped titanium dioxide thin films grown atop silicon-on-insulator substrates. From this heterostructure, we have fabricated one-dimensional photonic crystal cavities demonstrating quality factors in excess of 5 × 104 and corresponding Purcell-enhanced optical emission rates of the erbium ensembles in excess of 200. This easily fabricated materials platform represents an important step toward realizing telecom quantum memories in a scalable qubit architecture compatible with mature silicon technologies.
TL;DR: In this article , a soliton mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser is proposed for the 1.5-μm region using Co3O4 as a saturable absorber.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigate the contributions of electric-dipole transitions in the Er3+4S3/2 → 4I15/2 band of an erbium trensal complex using state-of-the-art ab initio calculations.
Abstract: A current understanding of the luminescence of lanthanide complexes is based on the phenomenological Judd-Ofelt (JO) theory. However, the mechanisms of electric-dipole transitions lying at its basis were never subjected to a rigorous analysis. Here, we investigate the contributions to the electric-dipole transitions in the Er3+ 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 band of an erbium trensal complex using state-of-the-art ab initio calculations. We find that the conventional JO mechanism based on the electrostatic crystal field yields only a quarter of the integral intensity of this band. Accordingly, three quarters of it is contributed by covalent binding of erbium and ligand orbitals via three major mechanisms, the 4f ligand and ligand-ligand electric-dipole transitions and covalent enhancement of the hybridization of 4f and even empty orbitals of erbium. We expect that these findings will inspire the design of efficient rare-earth luminescent materials.
TL;DR: In this paper , an erbium-doped fiber laser was demonstrated using In 2 Se 3 PVA thin film sandwiched between two fiber ferrules using 980 nm laser diode at the operating wavelength of 1550 nm.
TL;DR: In this paper , the Erbium substituted manganese spinel ferrites were prepared via the microemulsion route and the characteristic bands lie in the range of 410 −560 cm−1 which confirms the cubic structure of synthesized ferrites.
Abstract: The Erbium substituted manganese spinel ferrites were prepared via the microemulsion route. The average crystallite size varies from 10.21 to 17.41 nm, while the lattice constant observes to increase from 8.473 to 8.509 Å. X-ray density increases with the incorporation of Er3+ ions in manganese ferrites. The characteristic bands lie in the range of 410–560 cm−1 which confirms the cubic structure of synthesized ferrites. The band variation is evidence of the successful substituting of Er3+ ions in manganese spinel ferrites lattices. Bond lengths increase with the increase of Er3+ content. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and tan loss decrease as frequency and Erbium concentration increase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs reveal the decrease in grain size with Er3+ in manganese ferrites. The obtained results suggested that synthesized ferries can be potential candidates for high-frequency applications.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used MATLAB to write the gain simulation model of the waveguide amplifier, combined with the COMSOL software to simulate and optimize waveguide geometry, and calculated the overall gain characteristic curves of optical waveguide amplifiers with different lengths are calculated theoretically.
01 Apr 2022
TL;DR: Erbium(III)-Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) (Erq3), with the empirical formula: C27H18ErN3O3, has been introduced as a photoelectronic performance sensor of a promised candidate film with high sensitivity to NO2 gas as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: In this paper, Erbium(III)-Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) (Erq3), with the empirical formula: C27H18ErN3O3, has been introduced as a photoelectronic performance sensor of a promised candidate film with high sensitivity to NO2 gas. The present film was prepared by the thermal vacuum process, and the structure and composition of Erq3were investigated by the analysis of XRD-pattern, FTIR-spectra, and AFM technique. A polycrystalline with a single peak (at the centered Bragg’s angle, 2θ = 11.40°) has been observed for the Erq3 film. AFM images indicate that the film surface is composed of distributed plateaus. The absorption spectrum showed three absorption bands at 265 nm corresponding to f-π* transitions, while the peaks at 330 and 375 nm are attributed to the π-π* transitions. The band gap energy was evaluated by Tauc relation, while the electronic transition was indirect. The response time, recovery time, and sensitivity at the operating temperature of 348 K were 1.46 s, 14.2 s, and 20%, respectively. A comparison of sensor parameters with other relative materials was also reported.