Showing papers on "Eucalyptus camaldulensis published in 2013"
TL;DR: A baseline from which further experimental work can be conducted is offered to determine the mechanisms responsible for changes attributed to Eucalyptus invasion, and species richness, diversity and structural attributes of native species decreased consistently along the invasion gradient.
82 citations
TL;DR: The high levels of cross-genera transferability of guava SSRs may be applicable for the analysis of intra- and inter specific genetic diversity of target species, especially in E. citriodora, C. lanceolatus and S. aromaticum, for which till date no information about EST-derived as well as genomic SSR is available.
Abstract: Present study demonstrated the cross-genera transferability of 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs developed for guava (Psidium guajava L.) to four new targets, two species of eucalypts (Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis), bottlebrush (Callistemon lanceolatus) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum), belonging to the family Myrtaceae and subfamily Myrtoideae. Off the 23 SSR loci assayed, 18 (78.2 %) gave cross-amplification in E. citriodora, 14 (60.8 %) in E. camaldulensis and 17-17 (73.9 %) in C. lanceolatus and S. aromaticum. Eight primer pairs were found to be transferable to all four species. The number of alleles detected at each locus ranged from one to nine, with an average of 4.8, 2.6, 4.5 and 4.6 alleles in E. citriodora, E. camaldulensis, C. lanceolatus and S. aromaticum, respectively. The high levels of cross-genera transferability of guava SSRs may be applicable for the analysis of intra- and inter specific genetic diversity of target species, especially in E. citriodora, C. lanceolatus and S. aromaticum, for which till date no information about EST-derived as well as genomic SSR is available.
55 citations
TL;DR: It was showed that low lethal concentration (LC20) of essential oils negatively affected the longevity, fecundity, and fertility of female adults and these essential oils can be suggested for controlling C. maculatus in storage systems.
Abstract: The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), is an important pest of stored cowpea, Vigna ungiculata (L.) Walpers (Fabales: Fabaceae), with ample distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. Many plant essential oils have a broad-spectrum activity against pest insects, and these oils traditionally have been used in the protection of stored products. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) and Heracleum persicum Desf. (Apiales: Apiaceae) were evaluated on the adults of C. maculatus at 26 ± 1° C, 70 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 L:D. The LC50 values of E. camaldulensis and H. persicum were 56.7 and 219.4 µL/L air after 12 hr and 26.1 and 136.4 µL/L air after 24 hr of exposure, respectively. The LT50 values of E. camaldulensis and H.persicum were 6.3 and 10.9 hr, respectively. The results showed that low lethal concentration (LC20) of essential oils negatively affected the longevity, fecundity, and fertility of female adults. The sex ratio of C. maculatus offspring was not significantly affected by essential oils. Therefore, these essential oils can be suggested for controlling C. maculatus in storage systems. The introduction of essential oils into storage systems could potentially decrease seed losses.
47 citations
TL;DR: The biological resistance of wood of four tree species to Nasutitermes corniger Motsch was correlated with ash content, i.e., the species with the highest levels was the most resistant to termite attack.
Abstract: This study tested the natural resistance of wood of four tree species to Nasutitermes corniger Motsch. xylophogous termite attack and correlate the resistance with the amount of extract and ash in the chemical composition of the tested species. The species evaluated were Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan. var. cebil (Gris.) Alts., Tabebuia aurea (Mart.) Bureau., Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A.C.Sm. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Test samples with dimensions of 2.00 x 10.16 x 0.64 cm (radial x longitudinal x tangential) were obtained at two positions (external heartwood and sapwood) of each species. The samples were exposed to action of termites for 45 days in food preference assay. The content of wood extractives was obtained through the sawdust that went through sieve of 40 mesh and were retained in the 60 mesh. The natural resistance was not associated with wood extractive contents. The wood more resistant to termite attack was the Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil in the two positions (external heartwood and sapwood) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood presented the greatest wear. The biological resistance of wood was correlated with ash content, i.e., the species with the highest levels was the most resistant to termite attack.
37 citations
TL;DR: The importance of the amount of space occupancy in considering use of Eucalyptus essential oils for postharvest control of the carob moth is clearly shown.
34 citations
TL;DR: The SCE method was superior to HD, regarding shorter extraction times, a low environmental impact, allows production of nondegraded compounds and being part of green chemistry.
Abstract: In this work, 2 Eucalyptus species extracts (Eucalyptus cinerea and Eucalyptus camaldulensis) were prepared by hydrodistillation (HD) and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE) techniques. The best yields of E. cinerea and E. camaldulensis (27.5 and 8.8 g/kg, respectively) were obtained using SCE at 90 bar, 40 °C compared to HD (23 and 6.2 g/kg, respectively). Extracts were quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 1,8-cineole and p-menth-1-en-8-ol were the major compounds of E. cinerea essential oil obtained by HD (64.89% and 8.15%, respectively) or by SCE (16.1% and 31.87%, respectively). Whereas, in case of E. camaldulensis, 1,8-cineole (45.71%) and p-cymene (17.14%) were the major compounds obtained by HD, and 8,14-cedranoxide (43.79%) and elemol (6.3%) by SCE. Their antioxidant activity was assessed using 2 methods: 2,2-azino-di-3-ethylbenzothialozine-sulphonic acid radical cation (ABTS•+) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•). In the SCE extracts from both E. cinerea and E. camaldulensis, a promising radical scavenging activity was observed with ABTS•+, (65 and 128 mg/L, respectively). The total phenolics composition of the extracts was measured and the range was 2 to 60 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g dry plant material. The SCE method was superior to HD, regarding shorter extraction times (30 min for SCE compared with 4 h for HD), a low environmental impact, allows production of nondegraded compounds and being part of green chemistry.
28 citations
TL;DR: The findings serve as useful inputs to balance trade-offs for alien species that are considered as beneficial to some, but harmful to other and provide estimates of the potential additional cost burden on the beekeeping industry if E. cladocalyx is completely eradicated from the Western Cape.
28 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggested that E. camaldulensis detoxifies Al by forming Al-citrate complexes, and that this is achieved through Al-induced citrate accumulation in root tips via suppression of the citrate decomposition pathway.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the occurrence of soil water repellency coupled with soil moisture and infiltration under laboratory conditions from soils collected along the Berg River which is heavily invaded by alien tree species, especially E. camaldulensis.
26 citations
TL;DR: Eucalyptus camaldulensis use for cleanup Cd-contaminated soils at environmental concentrations is indicated, both for site stabilization (phytostabilization) and gradual remediation (phytoextraction).
Abstract: The potential suitability of Eucalyptus camaldulensis for Cd phytoextraction was tested in a hydroponic study. Saplings were exposed to 4.5 and 89 μM Cd for one month, with and without EDTA and s,s-EDDS at 0.1, 1, and 5 mM. The saplings’ growth was not affected at the 4.5 μM Cd concentration, yet it decreased 3-fold at 89 μM, and almost all the Cd taken up was immobilized in the roots, reaching 360 and 5300 mg Cd kg−1, respectively (approximately 75% of which was non-washable in acid). The respective Cd root-to-shoot translocation factors were 0.14 and ≈5*10−4. At 0.1 mM concentration, EDTA and EDDS had no effect or even a positive effect on the saplings growth. This was reversed at 1 mM, and the chelants became lethal at the 5 mM concentration. At 89 μM Cd in the growth medium, 0.1 mM EDTA increased Cd translocation into the shoots by almost 10-fold, however it strongly reduced Cd content inside the roots. This hydroponic study indicates the feasibility of E. camaldulensis use for cleanup Cd-contaminated...
25 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that introduction of the mangrin gene may be one approach to safely enhance salt tolerance in genetically modified Eucalyptus species, and that the transformants have no apparent risks in terms of environmental biosafety.
Abstract: Increasing soil salinization of arable land has a major impact on the global ecosystem. One approach to increase the usable global forest area is to develop transgenic trees with higher tolerance to conditions of salt stress. An allene oxide cyclase homolog, mangrin, contains a core protein domain that enhances the salt tolerance of its host. We utilized this feature to develop improved salt-tolerant eucalyptus trees, by using transgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis carrying the mangrin gene as a model. Since the Japanese government requires an environmental biosafety assessment for the surrounding biosphere, we performed experiments on trees grown in a special netted-house. This study examined the transgenic E. camaldulensis carrying the mangrin gene to assess the feasibility of using these transformants, and assessed their salt tolerance and environmental biosafety. We found that seven of 36 transgenic genotypes had significantly higher salt tolerance than non-transformants, and more importantly, that these plants had no significant impact on environmental biosafety. These results suggest that introduction of the mangrin gene may be one approach to safely enhance salt tolerance in genetically modified Eucalyptus species, and that the transformants have no apparent risks in terms of environmental biosafety. Thus, this study provides valuable information regarding the use of transgenic trees in situ.
TL;DR: The admixed litter decomposition, rather than root interaction, is a primary contributor to E .
TL;DR: The results provide a scientific rationale for the use of eucalyptus oils in the protection of maize against weevils and establish the repellent activity of essential oils extracted from selected eucallyptus species against S. zeamais.
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is Kenya's most important staple crop with annual production fluctuating between 2.6 and 3.1 million tons in 2012 and 2011, respectively. However, frequent food shortages are still experienced in the country. These have been attributed to pests and diseases and post-harvest constraints. The dominant post-harvest pest of maize is Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.), which causes losses between 10 and 20% of harvested grain. The objective of this study was to establish the repellent activity of essential oils extracted from selected eucalyptus species against S. zeamais. Essential oils were extracted from the fresh leaves of Eucalyptus saligna Sm., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Schlecht and Eucalyptus citriodora Hook by steam distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. A repellency bioassay, with varying concentrations (0.002, 0.02, 0.2 and 2 μl/μl) of the oils, was carried out against the maize weevils using a Y-shaped olfactometer. Repeated measures of analysis of variance were applied to test the different doses and repellents, and their interactions against S. zeamais. The essential oils of E. camaldulensis and E. citriodora presented better repellent activity at the 2 μl/μl concentration (74.35 and 69.15%, respectively) followed by those of E. globulus (53.68%) and E. saligna (40.5%). Gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry and GC co-injections with authentic samples showed the presence of the following major constituents in: (i) E. camaldulensis oil: 1,8-cineole (18.9%), α-cardinol (6.4%) and β-phellandrene (2.6%); (ii) E. citriodora oil: 1,8-cineole (11.2%), β-pinene (3.2%) and 4-terpineol (3.1%); and (iii) E. globulus oil: 1,8-cineol (17.2%), α-pinene (7.1%) and spathulenol (6.5%). The results provide a scientific rationale for the use of eucalyptus oils in the protection of maize against weevils.
TL;DR: Multivariate analyses of proline accumulation, photosynthetic pigment degradation, diminishing chlorophyll fluorescence, Pn reduction, and growth inhibition in salt-stressed plantlets of Eucalyptus genotypes were performed to classify salt-tolerant- and salt-sensitive groupings.
Abstract: Eucalypts are highly regarded plantation trees due to their fast growing nature, high water consumption, tolerance to abiotic stresses, and ease of conversion to pulp and paper We screened five genotypes of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (T5, BD4, 1-7-1, H1, and SH4) and three genotypes of the E camaldulensis × Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid (H4, 58H2, and 27A2) for salt tolerance Fresh weight and leaf area in hybrid genotypes (H4, 58H2, and 27A2) were greater than those in the E camaldulensis population after plantlets were subjected to 200 mM NaCl for 14 d The chlorophyll a content in hybrid genotypes decreased by 1971–3711% compared to 5145–6600% decline in E camaldulensis Similarly, total chlorophyll content was retained at a high level in the hybrid population, leading to stabilization of the net photosynthetic rate The amount of proline, an osmolyte, was significantly increased in all Eucalyptus genotypes when exposed to 200 mM NaCl Multivariate analyses of proline accumulation, photosynthetic pigment degradation, diminishing chlorophyll fluorescence, Pn reduction, and growth inhibition in salt-stressed plantlets of Eucalyptus genotypes were performed to classify salt-tolerant- and salt-sensitive groupings The hybrid eucalypt genotypes H4, 58H2, and 27A2 were identified as salt tolerant while the selection genotypes of E camaldulensis, T5, BD4, 1-7-1, H1, and SH4, were classified as salt susceptible
TL;DR: The low preference for the genotypes E. grandis and E. urophylla suggests the occurrence of a non-preference type resistance against the red gum lerp psyllid G. brimblecombei in Eucalyptus forests.
Abstract: The red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was first recorded in Brazil in 2003 and since then has caused serious damage in Eucalyptus forests. The damage is mainly due to defoliation, sooty mold and dieback, thus requiring the development of efficient management strategies. The settling and ovipositional preference of G. brimblecombei by species and clones of Eucalyptus were evaluated in free- and no-choice tests. Preliminary tests were done to determine the density of psyllid couples that produced the greatest densities of eggs, leaf position selection for oviposition, and whether oviposition was affected by preimaginal conditioning. Apical leaves were used more frequently for oviposition by the psyllid, and the number of eggs decreased from the apex to the base. The densities of 10 and 15 psyllid couples per seedling produced the highest oviposition. There was no evidence of preimaginal conditioning. In the free-choice test, E. grandis, E. urophylla, VM-1, I-144, C-219 and H-13 were less attractive to G. brimblecombei adults, with H-13, E. grandis and E. urophylla having the least oviposition. In the no-choice test, E. urophylla, GG-100 and E. grandis also demonstrated a lower oviposition, but E. camaldulensis and 3025 were highly susceptible. The low preference for the genotypes E. grandis and E. urophylla suggests the occurrence of a non-preference type resistance against the red gum lerp psyllid. Our results can be utilized for the development of management programs for G. brimblecombei in Eucalyptus forests.
TL;DR: In this article, the essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves were harvested from Caspian seashore and Ghalegardan regions in Mazandaran province of Iran and were dried.
Abstract: Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves were harvested from Caspian seashore and Ghalegardan regions in Mazandaran province of Iran and were dried. The essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Results showed that oxygenate-hydrocarbon compounds ratios (monoterpene oxygenate to monotepene hydrocarbon and sesquiterpene oxygenate to sesquiterpene hydrocarbon) were higher in the essential oil of Ghalegardan sample. The major components of Ghalegardan were eucalyptol (29.2%), α-phellanderene (17.43%), β-pinene (7.1%), arommadenderene (allo) (5.75%), terpineol-4-ol (4.92%). In Seashore sample 36 compounds were identified, in which the major components were eucalyptol (46.74%), arommadenderene (allo) (12.1%), terpineol-4-ol (7.6%), β-pinene (6.35%). The essential oil of both the samples possessed antibacterial activity and it was more effective against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli. Also, antibacterial activity of Ghalegardan sample was slightly higher than Seashore sample.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of stress-wave velocity and dynamic Young's modulus on the performance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh trees.
Abstract: Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. is extensively planted in Thailand to produce wood chips used as raw material for pulp and paper. To promote the utilization of the wood from plantation-grown E. camaldulensis for solid lumber, stress-wave velocity of trees and dynamic Young’s modulus of logs were investigated for 4-year-old trees of eight half-sib families selected for pulpwood production on the basis of the growth characteristics in the previous tree breeding program. For the eight families, the mean stem diameter at 1.3 m above ground level and mean tree height were 7.6 cm and 11.9 m, respectively. The mean stress-wave velocity of eight families was 3.45 km/s. Dynamic Young’s modulus of logs ranged from 7.88 to 17.64 GPa, and the mean value for the eight families was 11.72 GPa. Stress-wave velocity of trees was significantly correlated with dynamic Young’s modulus of logs, suggesting that dynamic Young’s modulus of wood can be evaluated nondestructively by stress-wave velocity of trees. Significant differences in stress-wave velocity and dynamic Young’s modulus of logs were obtained among families. Thus, to promote the utilization of E.
camaldulensis wood for solid lumber production, selection of trees with high Young’s modulus should be applied to trees already selected for the growth characteristics in the previous tree breeding program.
TL;DR: Inclusion of statistical model terms for soil salinity (ECe), spatially-oriented incomplete blocking and autoregressive spatial error terms improved the partitioning of within-site variance and were valuable for making selections on these heterogeneous sites.
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TL;DR: Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves have the greatest effect on gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Penicillium digitatum.
Abstract: Herbs have been used for its medicinal properties from several thousand years ago. Herbs, essences and extracts, possess a variety level of biological activities and antimicrobial activities of a large number of them have been proved. Eucalyptus is one of these plants which the anti-virus effects of its extract has long been used to treat influenza and colds in most parts of the world. The aim of this study is evaluating antimicrobial effects of aqueous and alcoholic Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves against some of the important food pathogens. Antimicrobial effects of extracts were evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 2592, Escherichia coli PTCC1330 and Penicillium digitatum by ―using the method of Collins‖ and ―disk agar diffusion method‖. The results showed that aqueous and ethanolic extract were quite effective in 2000 μg/ml concentration on Staphylococcus aureus and Penicillium digitatum, while both extracts have no certain antimicrobial effect on Escherichia coli. In ―disk agar diffusion method‖ 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/ml aqueous and ethanolic extract concentrations, was inhibition effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Penicillium digitatum, and 60 and 80 mg/ml aqueous and ethanolic extract concentrations, has deterrent effect on Escherichia coli, but at 20 and 40 mg/ml concentrations, no inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli was observed. Minimum Inhibitory Cconcentration (MIC) of ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for bacteria and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) for fungi were performed. The results indicate that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves have the greatest effect on gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli were resistant to most of the aqueous and ethanolic Eucalyptus camaldulensis extracts. In conclusion, using Eucalyptus as a natural antimicrobial compounds in vitro have considerable antimicrobial ability over the studied strains.
TL;DR: Comparisons of plant species composition of different age direct-seeded revegetated sites are compared to determine the effect, if any, of different ages of revegetation sites on the natural recruitment of native plants and shed some light on how the direct-Seeded technique operates in a farm situation.
Abstract: Many vegetation restoration works have been undertaken in Australia but only a few of those projects have been assessed for effectiveness. Revisiting earlier restoration attempts and analysing data from them is fundamental to the development of evidence-based prescriptions for future restoration work. Therefore, this study's objectives were to (I) compare plant species composition of different age direct-seeded revegetated sites and (II) determine the effect, if any, of different ages of revegetated sites on the natural recruitment of native plants. The study investigated four fenced restoration sites, dating from 2000, 2001, 2004 and 2005. Results showed that the density of plants surviving varied widely between plots of different ages. The highest density was found in the 2001 plot (2195·.7 stems ha−1), followed by 2000 (1877·8 stems ha−1), 2004 (197·6 stems ha−1) and 2005 (195·4 stems ha−1). An ANOVA showed that the overall amount of seed broadcast does not play a significant (p = 0·437) role in the establishment rate. Overall, Eucalyptus ovata was found to be dominant in the 2000 (794·4 ha−1) and 2001 (971 ha−1) sites. In contrast, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus viminalis densities were highest in the 2004 (41 ha−1) and 2005 (60·4 ha−1) sites, respectively. PERMANOVA showed highly significant differences in the present plant composition between plots (p < 0·0001), despite similar species mixes used in sowing. Recruitment was not found in any of the sites. The least weed cover and the highest litter cover were found in the 2001 plot. A similar trend was found in the 2000 plot. In contrast, high weed cover and low litter cover were found in the 2004 and 2005 plots. Since one of the major impediments to developing better restoration strategies is the inadequate documentation of past practices, studies such as these may shed some light on how the direct-seeded technique operates in a farm situation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: Investigation of the effect of essential oils extracted from three different plants suggests that essential oils of all the three plants have the potential to be employed in the pest management programmes designed for a control of A. gossypii under greenhouse conditions.
Abstract: The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem: Aphididae), is one of the most injurious pests of fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants worldwide, both outdoor and indoor. Currently, the main method of control of this pest is through application of pesticides which is mostly accompanied by the resistance of the pest against pesticide(s). The resurgence of resistant aphid populations brings about further contamination of foodstuff and environment. Essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of plants may have the potential to be an alternative to synthetic pesticides, since they have been demonstrated to possess a wide range of bioactivities against insects and mites. So, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of essential oils extracted from three different plants namely: Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. (Meliaceae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. (Myrtaceae) and Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae) against A. gossypii. The LC50 values of essential oils of A. indica, E. camaldulensis and L. n...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the extraction of eucalyptus oil from natural plants using water distillation method by Clevenger apparatus and found that the agitation speed of 900 rpm, temperature 100° C, with solvent to solid ratio 5:1 (v/w) of particle size 0.5 cm for 160 minute give the highest percentage of oil (46.25 wt%).
Abstract: This work was conducted to study the extraction of eucalyptus oil from natural plants (Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves) using water distillation method by Clevenger apparatus. The effects of main operating parameters were studied: time to reach equilibrium, temperature (70 to100°C), solvent to solid ratio (4:1 to 8:1 (v/w)), agitation speed (0 to 900 rpm), and particle size (0.5 to 2.5 cm) of the fresh leaves, to find the best processing conditions for achieving maximum oil yield. The results showed that the agitation speed of 900 rpm, temperature 100° C, with solvent to solid ratio 5:1 (v/w) of particle size 0.5 cm for 160 minute give the highest percentage of oil (46.25 wt.%). The extracted oil was examined by HPLC.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Results suggest that Eucalyptus leaf litter and leaf litter aqueous extract significantly reduced the frequency of percent germination and relative germination ratio, Eucallyptus Leaf litter show high mortality rate than leaf litter extract, reduced seedling vigour index, chlorophyll content, relative elongation of shoot and relative elongated of root, also reduced the fresh and dry weight of the plant.
Abstract: Allelopathic effects of exotic Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. have been widely reported and are considered the major factor limiting the establishment of native tree species in local forests. A lab study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on native trees and Acacia nilotica was selected as bioassay plant. Since Eucalyptus leaf litter enters in the soil environment either in the form of solid matter or as aqueous extract. The allelopathic impacts of these two forms were assessed in laboratory experiment conducted at Green House of Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. In a pot experiment the leaf litter was applied in total 6 concentrations along a control, no leaf litter. The three concentrations of ground solid leaf litter were mixed with soil in 10, 20 and 30%. Similarly, the aqueous stock solution of 1:20 was prepared and dilutions were made in 10, 20 and 30%. The plant parameters such as percent germination, relative germination ratio (RGR), percentage mortality rate (MR), seedling vigour index (SVI), chlorophyll content (mg/g f. wt.), relative elongation of shoot (RERs), relative elongation of root (RERr), relative biomass ratio (RBR), fresh and dry weight (g) was calculated. Soil samples were taken from laboratory experiments and analyzed for pH, soil salinity, organic matter, N, P, K, and Na. Results suggest that Eucalyptus leaf litter and leaf litter aqueous extract significantly reduced the frequency of percent germination and relative germination ratio, Eucalyptus leaf litter show high mortality rate than leaf litter extract, reduced seedling vigour index, chlorophyll content, relative elongation of shoot and relative elongation of root, also reduced the fresh and dry weight of the plant. The soil pH decreased with increasing concentration and soil salinity increased with increasing the concentration. While organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations increased in soil with increasing concentration. The solid leaf litter was found more dangerous than aqueous extracts.
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TL;DR: Germination and early seedling growth of 4 species were reduced significantly by increase of extract concentration so that Onobrychis sativa and Trifolium rigidom indicated more sensitive to allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis.
Abstract: This research was carried out to study allelopathic effect of aerial and underground part of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on germination and early growth seedling of Vicia villosa, Onobrychis sativa, Festuca arundinacea and Trifolium rigidom. The extraction was provided from aerial and underground part of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Different concentrations of this species (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %) was provided by adding distilled water. Then completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were significant differences among all traits (germination percentage, germination speed, root length, shoot length, plant length and seed vigor index) except for germination percentage in Vicia villosa (P<0.01). Means Comparison indicated germination percentage and speed and primary growth indices decreased by increasing of extract concentration. The highest germination percentage and speed, length of radical and plumule and seed vigority were belonged to control treatment and the lowest length belonged to 100 % extraction. Germination and early seedling growth of 4 species were reduced significantly by increase of extract concentration so that Onobrychis sativa and Trifolium rigidom indicated more sensitive to allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis.
TL;DR: The bronze bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellape was found in Goias state attacking Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh and detected in the cities of Sao Luiz do Norte, Sao Francisco de Goias and Goiânia.
Abstract: The bronze bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellape (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) was found in Goias state attacking Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. e E. urophylla S. T. Blake. The insect was detected in the cities of Sao Luiz do Norte, Sao Francisco de Goias and Goiânia.
TL;DR: Anoeconeossa bundoorensis sp.
Abstract: Anoeconeossa bundoorensis sp. n. is described from Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) from southern Victoria in Southeast Australia. It is placed in the A. communis Taylor species-group as the paramere lacks combs of black rods. It differs from other members of the species-group, A. communis and A. bullata Taylor as it lacks an anterobasal expansion on the paramere and from A. unicornuta Taylor as the inner horn-shaped process of the paramere is reduced to a short spine and the apical expansion is more elongate, with a corresponding greater length of equidistant setae. Taxonomically relevant morphological details are illustrated and the species is diagnosed from other eucalypt inhabiting congeners. In-formation on the biology is presented.
TL;DR: It was apparent that sugar beet had a greater inhibitory effect than eucalyptus, and seed vigour and seedling growth strongly influenced by aqueous extracts of test plants.
Abstract: Two experiments, a Petri dish assay and a pot experiment were carried out to evaluate possible allelopathic effects of water extracts (0, 10 and 20 g L−1) of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) on germination and growth of purslane (Portulaca oleracea). Results showed that germination percentage of purslane seeds was not inhibited by concentration of water extract of test plants. However, seed vigour and seedling growth strongly influenced by aqueous extracts of test plants. Maximum inhibitions on seedling growth were recorded when using the highest concentration of the aqueous extract (20 g L−1). It was apparent that sugar beet had a greater inhibitory effect than eucalyptus. Shoot length of purslane seedlings significantly decreased at 10 and 20 g L−1 aqueous extract concentration of sugar beet by 65.5 and 92.1% respectively compare to control, while eucalyptus decreased seedling shoot length of target weed at 10 and 20 g L−1 extract concentration by 29.8% and 52.9% respectively. Root length was more affected than shoot so that low aqueous extract concentration (10 g L−1) of sugar beet and eucalyptus decreased root length of target weed by 79.8% and 46% respectively. Foliar sprays with both 10 and 20 g L−1 of test plants extracts significantly decrease leaf area, leaves, stem and root dry weight of Portulaca oleracea. Maximum leaf area (1010 cm2) was obtained from the untreated plants (0% extract), while the lowest value (166.6 cm2) occurred with 20 g L−1 water extract of sugar beet. High aqueous extract concentration (20 g L−1) of sugar beet decreased leaves, stem and root dry weight of purslane plants by 96%, 86.7% and 91.9% respectively.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Albizia psyllid, Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama), and red gum lerp psyllids, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, were found in Montenegro for the first time during 2009 and 2012 respectively.
Abstract: Albizia psyllid, Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama), and red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, were found in Montenegro for the first time during 2009 and 2012 respectively. Acizzia jamatonica is native to East Asia, and has spread rapidly in Europe since it was first reported from Italy in 2002. It was first collected from Albizzia julibrissin in Podgorica, September 2009, and subsequently from Albizzia sp. and A. julibrissin in Herceg Novi, October 2010, and June and October 2012, and from A. julibrissin in Kotor, October 2012. Glycaspis brimblecombei is native to Australia, and has been rapidly spreading in Europe since it was first reported from Portugal and Spain in 2007. It was collected on Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Bar, October 2012. Both species of psyllid have the potential to damage amenity trees in urban environments and in commercial plant nurseries.
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential structures of the alkali-extractable hemicelluloses were proposed based on the comprehensive analysis, which revealed that these polysaccharides shared the common structure composed of the (14)-linked-β-D-xylopyranosyl backbone with 4-O-methyl-α-Dglucuronic acid attached to O-2 of the xylose residues.
Abstract: Eucalyptus species are currently one of the main feedstock for pulping and papermaking industry in China. In the present study, alkali-extractable hemicelluloses were isolated from different eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. urophylla × grandis, and E. urophylla × E. tereticornis) at mild conditions prior to pulping. Structural characterization of these hemicellulosic polymers based on monosaccharide, molecular weight, Fourier transform infrared, 1H, 13C, and two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that these alkali-extractable polysaccharides shared the common structure composed of the (14)-linked-β-D-xylopyranosyl backbone with 4-O-methyl-α-D-glucuronic acid attached to O-2 of the xylose residues. The potential structures of the alkali-extractable hemicelluloses were proposed based on the comprehensive analysis. The well-characterized structures of these hemicelluloses could enlarge the industrial application of these hemicelluloses from the Eucalyptus species in a biorefinery process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2390–2398, 2013
01 Apr 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the regeneration of cerrado under a plantation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn was investigated in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Abstract: Natural regeneration of cerrado under plantation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil The formation of homogeneous landscapes has become a problem in conservation biology, since these crops directly interfere in the dynamics of communities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the floristic composition and structure of the natural regeneration of cerrado in the understory of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and verify whether the regeneration differs depending on the distance from the edges of the stand. The present work was carried out in the municipality of Montes Claros, MG. Two plots were demarcated for the survey, each subdivided into nine subplots of 10x10 m each, using the height e” 0.30 m as the inclusion criterion . A total of 2,413 individuals were recorded. In Plot 1, we sampled 914 individuals belonging to 63 species and 26 families; Eugenia dysenterica, Hymenaea stigonogocarpa, Calliandra sp. and Duguetia furfuracea were the most important species according to the Importance