Showing papers on "Family support published in 1989"
TL;DR: A review of 29 evaluative studies published through 1987 reveals that no clear link has yet been established between participants' satisfaction and such other important outcomes for caregivers as improving coping skills, preventing psychological disturbances, increasing caregiver support systems, or improving caregivers' ability to care for themselves.
Abstract: A review of 29 evaluative studies published through 1987 reveals that no clear link has yet been established between participants' satisfaction and such other important outcomes for caregivers as improving coping skills, preventing psychological disturbances, increasing caregiver support systems, or improving caregivers' ability to care for themselves.
233 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a questionnaire anonymously to 1,384 junior high and high school students was administered and found that 36% of these adolescents had experienced suicidal thoughts in the past year; 7% reported having made a suicide attempt.
Abstract: We administered a questionnaire anonymously to 1,384 junior high and high school students. Results indicated that 36% of these adolescents had experienced suicidal thoughts in the past year; 7% reported having made a suicide attempt. Nearly half (n = 48) of the students experiencing "extremely troubling" suicidal ideation reported having made an attempt. Females, ninth graders, and students of low socioeconomic status (SES) were most at risk for experiencing suicidal thoughts, whereas females and low-SES students were most at risk for suicide attempts. Suicidal ideation and attempts were associated with more negative life events, lower levels of family support, and lower levels of adjustment. Finally, analyses revealed that, whereas demographic variables were only weak predictors of suicidal ideation and attempts, subsets of other variables such as life events, social support, and adjustment strongly enhanced the ability to predict suicidal behavior.
171 citations
TL;DR: Participants in both professionally led and peer-led groups experienced significant improvements in psychological functioning, increases in informal support networks, and positive personal changes in handling of the caregiving role when compared with control participants.
Abstract: Participants in both professionally led and peer-led groups experienced significant improvements in psychological functioning, increases in informal support networks, and positive personal changes in handling of the caregiving role when compared with control participants. Professionally led groups produced the greatest improvement in psychological functioning, and peer-led groups produced the greatest increases in informal support networks.
150 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that programs to enhance diabetes self-care could beneficially focus on life-style behaviors and employ strategies to increase regimen-related expectations and diabetes-specific social and problem-solving skills.
Abstract: This study assessed the relationship between diabetes-specific social learning factors and diabetes self-care. Predictor variables were collected within the categories of knowledge (e.g., behavioral demonstrations, pencil-and-paper tests), beliefs/expectations (e.g., self-efficacy, self-motivation), skills (e.g., problem-solving and refusal skills), and environmental support (e.g., barriers to adherence, family support). Different results emerged across the three areas of the regimen assessed: diet, exercise, and glucose testing. Multiple-regression analyses revealed that the social learning variables consistently improved the prediction of self-care beyond that attributable to demographic variables but that the categories of social learning variables most closely related to self-care varied across regimen areas. These findings suggest that programs to enhance diabetes self-care could beneficially focus on life-style behaviors and employ strategies to increase regimen-related expectations and diabetes-specific social and problem-solving skills.
148 citations
TL;DR: Improved compliance with well-child care, fewer illness visits, and sharp reductions in hospitalization and in neglect or abuse were found in the visited group compared with the control group, and substantial cost was averted.
146 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between social support and adjustment was investigated in children with a chronic physical illness or handicap and children reported as having high social support from both family and peers showed a significantly better adjustment.
Abstract: The relationship between social support and adjustment was investigated in children with a chronic physical illness or handicap. Mothers of 153 children with juvenile diabetes, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obesity, spina bifida, or cerebral palsy reported on these children's family support, peer support, externalizing behavior problems, and internalizing behavior problems. Children reported as having high social support from both family and peers showed a significantly better adjustment than those with high social support from only one of these sources. Chronically ill or physically handicapped children without high support from both family and peers were reported to have significantly more behavior problems than children in general. Both family and peer support contributed negatively and independently to the variance in externalizing behavior problems, whereas only peer support did so for internalizing behavior problems. There were no interactions between type of support and either sex or age in predicting adjustment.
137 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggest that, after three months of program participation, mothers in both groups felt less social isolation and parenting stress than did mothers in the control group.
Abstract: The study examined two components of a family support program, a mothers' self-help discussion group and a parent education group, to determine their effects on social support and parenting stress. Findings suggest that, after three months of program participation, mothers in both groups felt less social isolation and parenting stress than did mothers in the control group.
121 citations
TL;DR: The review's major conclusion is that a head injury exposes the family to a complex of problems that are unique to this disability and, therefore, necessitates the delivery of special family support services focused on the family, rather than on the head-injured person.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to review the dynamics and functioning of families with a severely head-injured member. In order to stress the unique problems faced by persons with brain damage and their families, a comparison with spinal cord-injured persons is presented. The review's major conclusion is that a head injury exposes the family to a complex of problems that are unique to this disability and, therefore, necessitates the delivery of special family support services focused on the family, rather than on the head-injured person.
119 citations
TL;DR: Patients' severity of illness was related negatively to their symptom status, physical function, and social function, but not to their emotional function, while support from family members was found to be related positively with emotional function.
103 citations
TL;DR: The burgeoning family support movement is described in the historicalcontext of the social service and self-help modalities that presaged it and in the context of the current social and political conditions in which it has arisen and to which it is, in part, a response.
Abstract: The burgeoning family support movement is described in the historical context of the social service and self-help modalities that presaged it and in the context of the current social and political conditions in which it has arisen and to which it is, in part, a response. Challenges faced by the family resource movement, and implications of the movement for professionals and for the present human service delivery system, are examined.
98 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This paper summarizes the relevant literature on prevalence of, and risk factors for, suicide among American Indian groups, with a strong emphasis on adolescents, and presents data concerning risk of suicide for a sample of high school students attending an Indian boarding school.
Abstract: Suicide rates among American Indians, especially adolescents, are higher than those for the general population. This paper summarizes the relevant literature on prevalence of, and risk factors for, suicide among American Indian groups, with a strong emphasis on adolescents. Data concerning risk of suicide for a sample of high school students attending an Indian boarding school are presented. Approximately 23 percent of these students had attempted suicide at some time in the past, and 33 percent reported suicidal ideation within the past month. Students at greatest risk for suicide include those who reported having either family or friends who had attempted suicide and those who reported on standardized psychological measures as having experienced greater depressive symptomatology, greater quantity and frequency of alcohol use, or little family support. In a 1988 survey of community-based programs for Indian adolescents, 194 were identified as carrying out significant suicide prevention activities. Forty-one of those programs were school-based; they emphasized early identification of students' mental health problems and reduction of specific risk factors such as substance abuse.
TL;DR: Hierarchical multiple regression showed that the severity of hassles was directly related to depression for both groups, and there was no support for the notion that social support serves as a buffer against depression.
Abstract: Black and White American college students were compared to determine how daily hassles, coping strategies, and social support related to depression. Although the mean intensity of hassles did not differ, Black students reported a higher frequency of hassles. Cumulative severity of hassles, defined in terms of both intensity and frequency was therefore higher for Black students. White students perceived more support from friends than from family, but the opposite held for Black students. Mean scores on type of coping (active problem solving, seeking social support, or avoidance) were similar, as were the reported levels of depression. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that the severity of hassles was directly related to depression for both groups. Race did not interact with any index of social support, except perceived family support, which was related to lower depression among Black students. There was no support for the notion that social support serves as a buffer against depression.
TL;DR: It is revealed that, although women are less likely to be living with a spouse, living arrangements of unmarried women and men are similar and women's receipt of more informal assistance is largely explained by greater need levels, particularly for the unmarried.
Abstract: National data for respondents over age 65 revealed that, although women are less likely to be living with a spouse, living arrangements of unmarried women and men are similar. Women live closer to children, receive more phone calls, have marginally more contact but do not receive more mail. Women's receipt of more informal assistance is largely explained by greater need levels, particularly for the unmarried. These findings are discussed in relation to women's roles as family caretaker and kinkeeper at earlier life cycle stages.
TL;DR: The present research examined the salutary effects of a supportive family environment on the psychological well-being of ESRD patients receiving renal transplants and found patients perceiving a less supportive family environments displayed significantly higher levels of psychological symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Abstract: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with an increased incidence of psychological distress. The present research examined the salutary effects of a supportive family environment on the psychological well-being of ESRD patients receiving renal transplants. Patients (N=57) completed a measure of perceived family support and an assessment of the physical impact of their illness. Psychological well-being was assessed utilizing two measures of depression and two measures of anxiety. One group of patients was classified as experiencing high illness-related physical dysfunction. In this group, patients perceiving a less supportive family environment displayed significantly higher levels of psychological symptoms of depression and anxiety than patients with a more supportive family environment. A second group of patients was classified as experiencing low illness-related physical dysfunction. In this group, the perceived level of family support was not significantly related to their relatively lower reported levels of depression and anxiety.
TL;DR: The advantages of integrating these two types of program are outlined, the importance of family support and education programs finding their niche within the established social services system is highlighted, and problems of funding and evaluation are discussed.
Abstract: Current social and environmental trends have increased the family's need for support. Both grass roots and university-based programs have emerged to meet this need. This paper, the first of four on the family support movement, outlines the advantages of integrating these two types of program, discusses problems of funding and evaluation, and underscores the importance of family support and education programs finding their niche within the established social services system.
TL;DR: A family support nurse gets to know the family while the child is being treated and as needed visits the child's home to give psychological support, provide family education, and carry out blood tests and physical assessment.
Abstract: BrMedJ 1989;298:937-40 The paediatric oncology unit at this hospital provides an oncology service to the south west of England. Patients from the region come to Bristol for diagnosis and evaluation and to begin treatment. When it is appropriate care is shared between the referring unit and the unit in Bristol. When a diagnosis is made an information pack is sent to the child's general practitioner giving the diagnosis, describing the unit, and giving details of treatment and probable side effects, thus ensuring a firm link between the specialist unit and the primary care team.1 The ensuing period of intense treatment, however, requires close supervision by the hospital, which creates strong links between the families and the specialist unit. We try to keep the general practitioner informed of any important events that occur during treatment. A family support nurse gets to know the family while the child is being treated and as needed visits the child's home to give psychological support, provide family education, and carry out blood tests and physical assessment. In the event that treatment fails the doctors and the
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-element parent and family support intervention for parents of school-aged persons with severe disabilities was evaluated using an experimental design, and two randomly assigned groups of parents were compared: one group received a modest level of support consisting of respite care and case management, and the second group received an intensive intervention that consisted of stress management and parenting skills training, support groups, and additional community-based respit care.
Abstract: This article presents an evaluation of a multi-element parent and family support intervention for parents of school-aged persons with severe disabilities. Using an experimental design, we compared two randomly assigned groups of parents: one group received a modest level of support consisting of respite care and case management, and the second group received an intensive intervention that consisted of stress management and parenting skills training, support groups, and additional community-based respite care. Separate MANCOVA analyses were conducted for mothers and fathers. Mothers showed significant improvement on measures of depression and anxiety. Further analysis of the data revealed that a significantly greater number of intensive support group members also achieved clinically significant improvement on measures of anxiety and depression. Fathers participated in smaller numbers than mothers. A power analysis revealed large treatment effects for fathers as well as mothers although, due to the small sa...
TL;DR: A representative household survey of a district of Burkina Faso was carried out in order to study the utilization of trained birth attendants versus professional health workers as providers of under fives' (UFC), antenatal (ANC), and maternity care (MC).
Abstract: A representative household survey of a district of Burkina Faso was carried out in order to study the utilization of trained birth attendants versus professional health workers as providers of under 5s antenatal and maternity care. Overall utilization by the target groups varied between 13% (under 5s) 31% (antenatal clinic) and 32% (maternity care). The presence of a village health post did not increase utilization of MCH care. Furthermore those who did utilize MCH care preferred to choose another source of care: the professional midwife for antenatal clinic the traditional old women for delivery. Sick infants were generally not taken to the village health worker but rather treated by the family itself. The determinants of utilization were assessed by means of multivariate analysis. The level of care offered in the village (health post dispensary and medical center) educational level of both the mother and the husband and ethnic group were identified as major factors influencing health seeking behavior in MCH. A continuous sensitization of the population to the benefits of MCH care should therefore be linked to improving the quality of the care package. It is only by direct sensitization that mothers could be encouraged to attend despite the lack of family support. However for a sensitization campaign to be truly effective the fathers must also be targeted as they have an important influence in decision-making for MCH care. (Authors modified)
TL;DR: The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST), the Family Environment Scale (relationship scales only), and the Social Maladjustment Scale were administered to 494 male and female adolescents with a mean age of 16.6 years as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST), the Family Environment Scale (relationship scales only), and the Social Maladjustment Scale were administered to 494 male and female adolescents with a mean age of 16.6 years. High CAST scores were found to be related significantly to low family cohesion, high family conflict, and low overall family support. CAST scores were not related significantly to family expressiveness or to social maladjustment. Internal consistency reliability estimates for the CAST for both males and females were in the mid .90s. Finally, CAST scores of male and female adolescents were found to differ significantly, which indicates the need for separate validation studies to determine screening cut-points for the two groups.
TL;DR: This paper found that British parents and young people agreed in their ratings of the desirability of certain types of family structures and forms of interaction more than Asian parents and adults did in a survey of 40 white British 40 Asian 40 Hindu 40 Muslim and 40 Sikh families in the West Midlands England.
Abstract: British parents and young people agreed in their ratings of the desirability of certain types of family structures and forms of interaction more than Asian parents and young people did in this survey of 40 white British 40 Hindu 40 Muslim and 40 Sikh families in the West Midlands England But when qualitative explanations or reasons were added a similarity appeared in the ways in which the young people expressed themselves while this was not so for the older generation The only point on which Asian and British parents made comparable comments was the desirability of a stricter routine of obedience and respect within the family and the realization that this was unlikely or inadvisable in the present climate of opinion In both groups some young people were made aware of what their parents had experienced for good or ill Some valued the increased equality of contact with their parents and the chance to make their own mistakes; and some were critical of the effects of extreme strictness The importance of freedom of activity and independence of decision were clear to many in both groups; but equally mention was made by both of the value of compromise advice and guidance The British young people did not entirely discount the benefit of family support did the Asian young people wish to remain entirely contained within it They tended thus to express similar feelings about the spirit of family living its personal interactions and relationships in terms of the give-and-take of decisions and pressures to conform The Asian young people while wanting elbow room still preferred to be closely and continuously involved in the parental family unit British family members were often willing to help if they had to they did not see close family living as desirable A further point is the extent to which Asian parents qualified their own opinions and wishes with comments of great understanding and tolerance The fate of families moving into new cultures may not be so conflict-ridden as is sometimes supposed
TL;DR: A positive relationship between family support and stroke outcome has been suggested by Strand, Asplund, Eriksson, Hagg, Lithner and Wester (1985), whercas the opposite view, that a nonsupportive family may even interfere with a stroke recovery as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A positive relationship between family support and stroke outcome has been suggested by Strand, Asplund, Eriksson, Hagg, Lithner and Wester (1985), whercas the opposite view, that a nonsupportive family may even interfere with a stroke recovery, has been suggested by Brockelhurst, Morris, Andrews, Richards and Laycock (1981). More specifically Williams and Freer (1986) reported that stroke patients without family support undergo physical and emotional deterioration and have a poorer rehabilitation outcome. This has also been shown to be crucial to the ultimate outcome of rehabilitation in aphasic stroke patients (Wepman 1951, Buxbaum 1967, Buck 1968, Malone, Ptacek and Malone 1970, Chapey 1981, Rollin 1984, Wahrborg 1986). In order to emphasize the role of the family, some attempts have been made to apply counselling or psychotherapeutic treatment to aphasic patients and their families (Turnblom and Myers 1952, Artes 1967, Malone 1969, Malone eta/. 1970, Haese 1970, Overs and Healy 1971, D'Afflit...
TL;DR: Diet improvement was assessed using a 24-hour food recall in a sample of 180 homemakers who had completed six to eighteen months of instruction in the Virginia Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program to determine whether or not they maintained dietary improvement for a six to thirty-six month period after leaving the program.
Book•
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: Findings revealed that the majority of the family members who attended the support session would recommend attending again, and it is unclear whether the supportsession method is the most beneficial and cost-effective means to support families of critically ill patients.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the telephone family assessment alone is inadequate as an intervention and should be strengthened to include professional assistance to patients for the family problems that are identified by the assessment.
Abstract: A randomized trial of a telephone family assessment intervention was conducted during a 2.5 month period on 224 ambulatory primary care patients, aged 18-49 years, who were selected according to self-report of elevated family stress levels. Family physicians conducted telephone interviews to collect information from patients on their supportive and stressful family members. The working hypothesis was that this process would lead to reduction in the patient's family stress and to improvement in family support and personal health status. Patients reported that the intervention caused them to think about their family support and helped them to feel better. Comparison of family factor and functional health scores before and after intervention also indicated a limited beneficial effect, but only for a small subset of black patients. These results suggest that the telephone family assessment alone is inadequate as an intervention and should be strengthened to include professional assistance to patients for the family problems that are identified by the assessment.
Book•
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: Eekelaar et al. as discussed by the authors presented a sociological analysis of family support systems for the elderly in the context of social and legal policies in developed western countries and their implications for the status of the elderly.
Abstract: Part I: Demographic background and future trends: Introduction by David Pearl Paul Paillat: Population trends and predictions Lloyd Bonfield: Historical perspectives David Thomson: The elderly in an urban-industrial society: England, 1750 to the present Zeng Yi: Population policies in China: New challenges and strategies Naohiro Ogawa: Population aging and household structural change in Japan Akira Koizumi: Aging and population carrying capacity Part II: Family support systems: Introduction by John Eekelaar: Section I: Societies in transition: Barthazar Rwezaura: Changing community obligations to the elderly in contemporary Africa Tapi Omas Ihromi: Social support systems in transition in Indonesia Marko Mladenovic: The family and old people in Yugoslavia and some other socialist countries Ichiro Kato: The adoption of majors in Japan Section II: Economic and social circumstances of the elderly: Josef Hoerl: Family, society and the elderly: The Vienna case Takatomi Ninomiya: Welfare and support for the elderly in the community: A Japanese study Werasit Sittitrai: Social support systems for the elderly in rural North Thailand Joseph Hampson: Social support for rural elderly in Zimbabwe Sandra Burman: Law versus reality: the interaction of community obligations to and by the black elderly in South Africa Section III: The legalisation of family support: Tahir Mahmood: Law and the elderly in the Islamic tradition A. Gunn: The development of laws relating to filial support in Australia Robert Levy: Supporting the aged: the problem of family responsibility Wanda Stojanowska: Support payments by children to their parents and welfare provisions in Poland Daisaku Maeda: Decline of family care and the development of public services - a sociological analysis of the Japanese experience Part III: Contemporary problems of social and legal policy: Introduction by John Eekelaar: Martin Levine: The Canadian experience of mandatory retirement: A human rights perspective Anne-Marie Guillemard: Old age policies in developed western countries and their implications for the status of the elderly David Thomson: The inter-generational contract M. Gec-Koroseo: The position of the elderly in labour and education law in Yugoslavia Adam Graycar: Protecting the legal rights of older people: State government initiatives in Australia Lis Frost: The law as an instrument for democracy and welfare in Danish elder policy Andrew Bainham: Shared living among the elderly: A legal problem in search of a home Inrid Lund-Andersen & Noe Munck: The situation of elderly cohabitees in Denmark: the interaction of family law, social law, tax law and the law of succession Zenaida S. Reyes: Legal protection of elderly consumers in the Philippines Nancy Coleman: The delivery of legal assistance to the elderly.
TL;DR: This is a report of the development and initial testing of a "disease-specific" family behavior scale that was designed for use with families of children and adolescents with diabetes.
Abstract: This is a report of the development and initial testing of a "disease-specific" family behavior scale When related to medical outcome, such scales may be useful in examining specific family behaviors that are harmful or helpful in adjustment to and management of disease In the future, behavioral interventions might be developed for compliance problems An example of such a scale that was designed for use with families of children and adolescents with diabetes is described.
01 Jun 1989
Journal Article•