Showing papers on "Grounded theory published in 2014"

Constructing grounded theory

Abstract: An Invitation to Grounded Theory Gathering Rich Data Crafting and Conducting Intensive Interviews Interviewing in Grounded Theory Studies The Logic of Grounded Theory Coding Practices and Initial Coding Focused Coding and beyond Memo-Writing Theoretical Sampling, Saturation and Sorting Reconstructing Theory in Grounded Theory Studies Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory Writing the Draft Reflecting on the Research Process

Nursing Research: Principles, Process and Issues

Abstract: 1. Research and Nursing Practice 2. Knowledge, Science and Research 3. Quantitative Research 4. Qualitative Research 5. Mixed Methods 6. The Research Process and Ethical Issues 7. Literature Reviews 8. Research and Theory 9. Research Questions and Operational Definitions 10. Research Designs 11. Experiments 12. Phenomenological Research 13. Grounded Theory 14. Ethnography 15. Samples and Sampling 16. Questionnaires 17. Interviews 18. Observations 19. Making Sense of Data 20. Evaluating Research Studies 21. Evidence-based Practice

What can "thematic analysis" offer health and wellbeing researchers?

Abstract: The field of health and wellbeing scholarship has a strong tradition of qualitative research*and rightly so. Qualitative research offers rich and compelling insights into the real worlds, experiences, and perspectives of patients and health care professionals in ways that are completely different to, but also sometimes complimentary to, the knowledge we can obtain through quantitative methods. (Published: 16 October 2014) Citation: Int J Qualitative Stud Health Well-being 2014, 9 : 26152 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v9.26152

Reducing Confusion about Grounded Theory and Qualitative Content Analysis: Similarities and Differences

Abstract: Introduction Using an appropriate research method for inquiry is critical to successful research. Grounded theory and qualitative content analysis share similarities. Both are based on naturalistic inquiry that entails identifying themes and patterns and involves rigorous coding. They are both used to analyze and interpret qualitative data; however, the similarities and differences in grounded theory and qualitative content analysis have not been clarified in the literature (Priest, Roberts, & Woods, 2002), nor have they been consistently considered. To illustrate, both have been considered equivalent approaches to interpret qualitative data (e.g., Priest et al., 2002). Grounded theory was treated as a research methodology, and content analysis as a method (e.g., Crotty, 2003); furthermore, grounded theory was considered a theoretical framework and content analysis a research method of textual data analysis (e.g., Patton, 2002). Qualitative content analysis was considered a strategy for the analysis of qualitative descriptive studies (Sandelowski, 2000) and a technique with overtones of other research methods, such as ethnographic and grounded theory (Altheide, 1987). Qualitative content analysis was unknown as a research method until recently, especially in English-speaking countries, because of the dominance of quantitative content analysis (Schreier, 2012). Moreover, a researcher's approach purportedly following grounded theory actually seems closer to qualitative content analysis or other methods (Sandelowski & Barroso, 2003; Suddaby, 2006). Sandelowski and Barroso (2003) cited the discrepancy between "method claims and the actual use of methods" (p. 905) in research papers. Novice researchers, especially students who want to conduct qualitative research, are often confused by the characteristics of the two as result of the lack of comparative references. Some researchers who stated they had used grounded theory actually used qualitative content analysis, which incorporates some procedures of grounded theory, such as open coding or memoing (Sandelowski & Barroso, 2003). Thus, the purpose of this paper is to clarify ambiguities about the characteristics of grounded theory and qualitative content analysis. Using our own research as examples, we have discussed the similarities and differences in the two in the following six areas: a) background and philosophical basis, b) unique characteristics of each method, c) goals and rationale of each method, d) data analysis process, e) outcomes of the research, and f) evaluation of trustworthiness of research. We have also discussed the strengths and weaknesses of each. Through this paper, we expect to provide knowledge that can assist novice researchers in the selection of appropriate research methods for their inquiries. Background and Philosophical Basis Grounded Theory The term grounded theory was introduced in The Discovery of Grounded Theory (1967) by Glaser and Strauss as "the discovery of theory from data--systematically obtained and analyzed in social research" (p. 1). Instead of verification of theories, they introduced a research method to arrive at a "theory suited to its supposed uses" contrasting with a "theory generated by logical deduction from a priori assumptions" (p. 3). According to Strauss and Corbin (1994) it is "a general methodology, a way of thinking about and conceptualizing data" (p. 275). The Grounded Theory Institute, run by Glaser, one of the founders of grounded theory, defined it as follows: Grounded Theory is an inductive methodology. Although many call Grounded Theory a qualitative method, it is not. It is a general method. It is the systematic generation of theory from systematic research. It is a set of rigorous research procedures leading to the emergence of conceptual categories. …

Interpretive Research Aiming at Theory Building: Adopting and Adapting the Case Study Design

Abstract: Although the advantages of case study design are widely recognised, its original positivist underlying assumptions may mislead interpretive researchers aiming at theory building. The paper discusses the limitations of the case study design for theory building and explains how grounded theory systemic process adds to the case study design. The author reflects upon his experience in conducting research on the articulation of both traditional social networks and new virtual networks in six rural communities in Peru, using both case study design and grounded theory in a combined fashion in order to discover an emergent theory. Key Words: Case Study, Interpretive Approach, Theory Building, and Grounded Theory

Overview of qualitative research.

Abstract: Qualitative research methods are a robust tool for chaplaincy research questions. Similar to much of chaplaincy clinical care, qualitative research generally works with written texts, often transcriptions of individual interviews or focus group conversations and seeks to understand the meaning of experience in a study sample. This article describes three common methodologies: ethnography, grounded theory, and phenomenology. Issues to consider relating to the study sample, design, and analysis are discussed. Enhancing the validity of the data, as well reliability and ethical issues in qualitative research are described. Qualitative research is an accessible way for chaplains to contribute new knowledge about the sacred dimension of people's lived experience.

Grounded Theory and Theoretical Coding

Abstract: The wide range of approaches to data analysis in qualitative research can seem daunting even for experienced researchers. This handbook is the first to provide a state-of-the art overview of the whole field of QDA; from general analytic strategies used in qualitative research, to approaches specific to particular types of qualitative data, including talk, text, sounds, images and virtual data.The handbook includes chapters on traditional analytic strategies such as grounded theory, content analysis, hermeneutics, phenomenology and narrative analysis, as well as coverage of newer trends like mixed methods, reanalysis and meta-analysis. Practical aspects such as sampling, transcription, working collaboratively, writing and implementation are given close attention, as are theory and theorization, reflexivity, and ethics.Written by a team of experts in qualitative research from around the world, this handbook is an essential compendium for all qualitative researchers and students across the social sciences.

A Theory of Organization-EHR Affordance Actualization

Abstract: Research Article * Michael Barrett was the accepting senior editor. This article was submitted on 31st March 2010 and went through three revisions. Diane M. Strong Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Qualitative Research Method: Grounded Theory

Abstract: In this literature review paper, the researcher has done some efforts to identify and further to elaborate the basiccomponents of a research methods chapter that are integral part of any research paper while conductinggrounded theory approach. Grounded theory is one of the data collection approach in qualitative researchmethods which is totally based on data rather thantry to emerge theory from data. There are bulk of books andresearch papers written by world renowned researchers and authors but the aim of this paper is to help the earlystage researchers in conducting their projects in grounded theory approach. In this paper, the researcher has shedlight on history of grounded theory, how this theory rather approach works, target population, samplingtechnique, data collection methods and the role of a researcher in this whole research process, and anotheressential part of a qualitative research, ethics which play a crucial role while conducting and gathering aqualitative data, have also been discussed in this paper.

Actor Network Theory

Abstract: Actor-Network Theory (ANT) emerged from science and technology studies, though it was inspired by grounded theory and semiotics. In the 1970s, Bruno Latour (a French anthropologist and social scientist) and Steve Woolgar (a British sociologist) undertook ethnographic field work at the Salk Institute in California. This research was inspired by grounded theory and Latour and Woolgar approached their study of work in the endocrinology laboratory as if they were anthropologists observing a hitherto unknown and strange set of practices. In other words, they did not fit their observations into any preconceived notions of scientific method, or how science ‘should' be done. The resulting, highly influential book Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts(1979, re-released in 1986 with additional commentary) gave a detailed account of the everyday activities of scientists. Latour and Woolgar highlighted the importance of material objects in the construction of scientific facts – rats, mice, machines, chemicals, traces of paper coming out of machines (raw data) and documents and drawings that were eventually transformed into journal articles. The latter were particularly prized, and much effort went into persuading readers that the claims in articles represented ‘facts’ about nature. The material objects deployed and constructed in the lab (graphs, tables of results, pictures) were key elements in this persuasion. As such, they were scientists’ allies – things they could point to as ’proof’ if anyone should dare question the validity of their claims.

Using Grounded theory as a method of inquiry : advantages and disadvantages

Abstract: There are many challenges and criticisms attached to the conduct of research, none the least of which is a notion that much of the research undertaken in professional disciplines such as nursing may not have clinical and/or practical relevance. While there are a plethora of qualitative research methods that individuals must consider when designing research studies, one method stands out - Grounded Theory (GT). Grounded theory was developed in the early 1960’s by Glaser and Strauss. With its theoretical orientation based in sociology, GT strives to understand and explain human behavior through inductive reasoning processes (Elliott & Lazenbatt, 2005). Because of its emphasis on the utilization of a variety of data sources that are grounded in particular contexts, GT provides a natural theoretical fit when designing nursing research studies. In this article, the authors provide an overview of GT and then describe the appropriateness, advantages, and disadvantages of applying it as part of the research design process. Additionally, the authors highlight the importance of taking a reflexive position to stay engaged while interacting with the data, and explore how to apply GT theory to particular research questions and studies. Finally, the strengths and limitations of this method of inquiry as applied to nursing research using a brief case study approach is presented. Keywords: Grounded Theory, Advantages,

Qualitative Research in Clinical and Health Psychology

Abstract: 1. Introduction: Qualitative Research in Clinical and Health Psychology Poul Rohleder and Antonia C. Lyons.- PART I: ISSUES IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH.- 2. Epistemology and Qualitative Research Kerry Chamberlain.- 3. Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research Poul Rohleder and Charlotte Smith.- 4. Thinking about Culture and Language in Psychological Research and Practice Leslie Swartz.- 5. Ensuring Quality in Qualitative Research Gareth Treharne and Damien Riggs.- 6. Approaches to Collecting Data Antonia C. Lyons.- PART II: QUALITATIVE METHODS: EXPLORING INDIVIDUAL WORLDS.- 7. Thematic Analysis Virginia Braun, Victoria Clarke and Gareth Terry.- 8. Grounded Theory Alison Tweed and Helena Priest.- 9. Narrative Research Michael Murray and Anneke Sools.- 10. Phenomenological Psychology Michael Larkin.- 11. Psychoanalytically Informed Research Kerry Gibson.- PART III: QUALITATIVE METHODS: EXPLORING SOCIAL WORLDS.- 12. Conversation Analysis Chris Walton and Mick Finlay.- 13. Discourse Analysis Jane Ussher and Janette Perz.- 14. Ethnography Juliet Foster.- 15. Participatory Research Cathy Vaughan.- PART IV: COMBINING QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DATA.- 16. Q Methodological Research Wendy Stainton-Rogers.- 17. Mixed Methods Research and Personal Projects Analysis Kerryellen Vroman.

Qualitative and mixed methods in mental health services and implementation research.

Abstract: Qualitative and mixed methods play a prominent role in mental health services research. However, the standards for their use are not always evident, especially for those not trained in such methods. This article reviews the rationale and common approaches to using qualitative and mixed methods in mental health services and implementation research based on a review of the articles included in this special series along with representative examples from the literature. Qualitative methods are used to provide a "thick description" or depth of understanding to complement breadth of understanding afforded by quantitative methods, elicit the perspective of those being studied, explore issues that have not been well studied, develop conceptual theories or test hypotheses, or evaluate the process of a phenomenon or intervention. Qualitative methods adhere to many of the same principles of scientific rigor as quantitative methods but often differ with respect to study design, data collection, and data analysis strategies. For instance, participants for qualitative studies are usually sampled purposefully rather than at random and the design usually reflects an iterative process alternating between data collection and analysis. The most common techniques for data collection are individual semistructured interviews, focus groups, document reviews, and participant observation. Strategies for analysis are usually inductive, based on principles of grounded theory or phenomenology. Qualitative methods are also used in combination with quantitative methods in mixed-method designs for convergence, complementarity, expansion, development, and sampling. Rigorously applied qualitative methods offer great potential in contributing to the scientific foundation of mental health services research.

Qualitative Methodology: A Practical Guide

Abstract: An Introduction To Qualitative Research Designs Practical Philosophy Methodology: The Blueprint for Qualitative Research Action Research Discourse Analysis Ethnography Grounded Theory Historical Research Case Study Narrative Inquiry Phenomenology Writing Your Formal Proposal Quality in Qualitative Research A New Era of Qualitative Research

Understanding value co-creation in complex services with many actors

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of value co-creation in complex value networks with many actors. Electronic health records (EHRs) are innovations that warrant deep study to properly introduce such a complex system. Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes a qualitative study based on Grounded Theory to understand value co-creation from multiple actors’ perspectives in a National EHR Service Project: the Portuguese Health Data Platform. Findings – Study results enabled further development of the value co-creation concept in complex environments with multiple actors. More specifically they allowed: operationalizing the value co-creation concept by identifying its factors and outcomes, understanding how value co-creation factors and outcomes are interconnected, and understanding of how value co-creation for each actor depends on his/her own actions and the actions of other actors, in a complex set of interactions and interdependencies. Practical implications – The findi...

Use of theoretical and conceptual frameworks in qualitative research.

Abstract: Aim To debate the definition and use of theoretical and conceptual frameworks in qualitative research. Background There is a paucity of literature to help the novice researcher to understand what theoretical and conceptual frameworks are and how they should be used. This paper acknowledges the interchangeable usage of these terms and researchers' confusion about the differences between the two. It discusses how researchers have used theoretical and conceptual frameworks and the notion of conceptual models. Detail is given about how one researcher incorporated a conceptual framework throughout a research project, the purpose for doing so and how this led to a resultant conceptual model. Review methods Concepts from Abbott (1988) and Witz ( 1992 ) were used to provide a framework for research involving two case study sites. The framework was used to determine research questions and give direction to interviews and discussions to focus the research. Discussion Some research methods do not overtly use a theoretical framework or conceptual framework in their design, but this is implicit and underpins the method design, for example in grounded theory. Other qualitative methods use one or the other to frame the design of a research project or to explain the outcomes. An example is given of how a conceptual framework was used throughout a research project. Conclusion Theoretical and conceptual frameworks are terms that are regularly used in research but rarely explained. Textbooks should discuss what they are and how they can be used, so novice researchers understand how they can help with research design. Implications for practice/research Theoretical and conceptual frameworks need to be more clearly understood by researchers and correct terminology used to ensure clarity for novice researchers.

The Heterogeneity of Family Firms in CSR Engagement The Role of Values

Abstract: This study addresses the heterogeneity of family firms in their engagement with corporate social responsibility (CSR). We build on stewardship theory and socioemotional wealth to explore the foundations of CSR in family firms and to examine whether the extent of engagement is based on values, and how and why this happens. We use the interpretative method of grounded theory to address these questions. Based on 12 case studies of Spanish family firms, this article illustrates the patterns of influence of family involvement and values in explaining the extent and scope of CSR.

Studying Organizations Using Critical Realism: A Practical Guide

Abstract: Foreword 1. Critical Realism as an Empirical Project: A Beginner s Guide 2. Critical Realism, Research Techniques, and Research Designs 3. Employing a Form of Critical Realist Discourse Analysis for Identity Research: An Example from Women s Talk of Motherhood, Childcare and Employment 4. Researching Identity: a Critical Realist Approach 5. Critical Realism and Grounded Theory 6. Critical Realism and Interviewing Subjects 7. Critical Realism and Ethnography 8. Critical Realism and the Organizational Case Study: A Guide to Discovering Institutional Mechanisms 9. Comparing Cases 10. Critical Realism and International Comparative Research 11. Pulling the Levers of Agency: Implementing Critical Realist Action Research 12. History and Documents in Critical Realism 13. Critical Realism and Mixed Methods Research: Combining the Extensive and Intensive at Multiple Levels 14. Realist Synthesis 15. Probability and Models 16. An Appraisal of the Contribution of Critical Realism to Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodology: Is Dialectics the Way Forward? 17. Concluding Comments

Being Transgender: The Experience of Transgender Identity Development

Abstract: This article is based on a grounded theory analysis of interviews with transgender-identified people from different regions of the United States. Participants held a variety of gender identities under the transgender rubric (e.g., crossdresser, transman, transwoman, butch lesbian). Interviews explored the participants' experiences in arriving at their gender identity. This article presents three clusters of findings related to the common processes of transgender identity development. This process was made possible by accessibility of transgender narratives that injected hope into what was a childhood replete with criticism and scrutiny. Ultimately, participants came to their identities through balancing a desire for authenticity with demands of necessity--meaning that they weighed their internal gender experience with considerations about their available resources, coping skills, and the consequences of gender transitions. The implications of these findings are considered in terms of their contribution to gender theory, research, and clinical support for transgender clients.

Professional Identity Development: A Grounded Theory of Transformational Tasks of Counselors

Abstract: The purpose of this qualitative grounded theory study was to investigate practicing counselors' professional identity development at nodal points during their career. Through the use of 6 focus groups of beginning, experienced, and expert counselors, 26 participants shared their experiences, and 6 themes emerged to form a theory of transformational tasks of professional identity development. Through these tasks, counselors encountered issues of idealism toward realism, burnout toward rejuvenation, and compartmentalization toward congruency.

Grounded Theory in Global Perspective: Reviews by International Researchers

Abstract: This article locates grounded theory in its national, historical, and disciplinary origins and explores how and to what extent these origins affect research practice across the globe. The article begins a conversation with international researchers who review using grounded theory in their countries and cultures. Their reviews reveal the significance of (a) shared meanings, (b) contradictions between data collection techniques and cultural practices, (c) tensions between coding in English and native languages, (d) points of cultural convergence and grounded theory strategies, and (e) local constraints. In conclusion, the article calls for attending to how the national and cultural underpinnings of methodological approaches affect inquiry.

Grounded theory research

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of work-to-family enrichment in totality. Using grounded theory, the study aims to understand antecedents, moderators, and consequences of work-to-family enrichment. This study also investigates strategies adopted by individuals to enhance their work-family enrichment experience. Design/methodology/approach – The paper opted for an exploratory study using the open-ended approach of grounded theory. This paper builds a model to understand the phenomenon by applying Strauss and Corbin's (1990) “paradigm model” approach of grounded theory. The paper throws light on the key tenets of grounded theory research and explains use of grounded theory as a rigorous method for business research. Data were collected by taking 24 in-depth interviews with employees representing middle management segment of consulting, IT and FMCG firms in India. Findings – This study reports “perceived work-family culture” of an organization as an antecedent of “work-to-fam...

Compatibility between Text Mining and Qualitative Research in the Perspectives of Grounded Theory, Content Analysis, and Reliability

Abstract: The objective of this article is to illustrate that text mining and qualitative research are epistemologically compatible. First, like many qualitative research approaches, such as grounded theory, text mining encourages open-mindedness and discourages preconceptions. Contrary to the popular belief that text mining is a linear and fully automated procedure, the text miner might add, delete, and revise the initial categories in an iterative fashion. Second, text mining is similar to content analysis, which also aims to extract common themes and threads by counting words. Although both of them utilize computer algorithms, text mining is characterized by its capability of processing natural languages. Last, the criteria of sound text mining adhere to those in qualitative research in terms of consistency and replicability. Key Words: Text Mining, Content Analysis, Exploratory Data Analysis, Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, Grounded Theory, Reliability, and Validity

Harnessing implementation science to improve care quality and patient safety: a systematic review of targeted literature.

Abstract: Background Getting greater levels of evidence into practice is a key problem for health systems, compounded by the volume of research produced. Implementation science aims to improve the adoption and spread of research evidence. A linked problem is how to enhance quality of care and patient safety based on evidence when care settings are complex adaptive systems. Our research question was: according to the implementation science literature, which common implementation factors are associated with improving the quality and safety of care for patients? Methods We conducted a targeted search of key journals to examine implementation science in the quality and safety domain applying PRISMA procedures. Fifty-seven out of 466 references retrieved were considered relevant following the application of exclusion criteria. Included articles were subjected to content analysis. Three reviewers extracted and documented key characteristics of the papers. Grounded theory was used to distil key features of the literature to derive emergent success factors. Results Eight success factors of implementation emerged: preparing for change, capacity for implementation—people, capacity for implementation—setting, types of implementation, resources, leverage, desirable implementation enabling features, and sustainability. Obstacles in implementation are the mirror image of these: for example, when people fail to prepare, have insufficient capacity for implementation or when the setting is resistant to change, then care quality is at risk, and patient safety can be compromised. Conclusions This review of key studies in the quality and safety literature discusses the current state-of-play of implementation science applied to these domains.

Philosophical Roots of Classical Grounded Theory: Its Foundations in Symbolic Interactionism.

Abstract: Although many researchers have discussed the historical relationship between the Grounded Theory methodology and Symbolic Interactionism, they have not clearly articulated the congruency of their salient concepts and assumptions. The purpose of this paper is to provide a thorough discussion of this congruency. A hypothetical example about smoking among college students is included in this paper to illustrate this relationship. This paper will be useful for qualitative researchers who seek a fuller understanding of how the assumptions and concepts provided by Symbolic Interactionism can inform the researcher who adopts a Grounded Theory methodology to investigate human behaviour. The relevance of this congruency for nursing researchers is discussed. Key Words: Symbolic Interactionism, Grounded Theory, Philosophical Congruency, and Nursing Research The relationship between classical Grounded Theory (Glaser, 1978; Glaser & Strauss, 1967) and the interpretive tradition of Symbolic Interactionism is strong and historical. Although this relationship has been discussed in previous publications as a "given," limited literature has explained the connections between their salient assumptions and concepts precisely and thoroughly (Chenitz & Swanson, 1986; Crotty, 1998; Speziale & Carpenter, 2007). Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide a thorough and precise discussion about the congruency between the ontological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions of Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism. Furthermore, a hypothetical example about smoking among college students that can be addressed from a Symbolic Interactionist/Grounded Theorist perspective is included in this paper to illustrate this relationship. This paper will be useful for qualitative researchers who seek a fuller understanding of how the assumptions and concepts provided by Symbolic Interactionism can inform the researcher who adopts a Grounded Theory methodology to investigate human behaviour. In other words, grounded theorists who adopt Symbolic Interactionism as a philosophical underpinning for their studies need to understand how the participants' behaviours have been shaped through social interaction in a particular context. That is, the researcher's goal is to understand the behaviour and the meanings people give to their experience in a natural setting in order to discover the basic psychosocial process (Glaser, 1978). According to Chenitz and Swanson (1986), conceptualizing human behaviour in its context helps researchers to examine the behaviour in relation to the social circumstances, rules, laws, and conditions that govern the shared meanings of objects and affect human behaviour. This paper is divided into three sections. The first section sheds light on the concepts of Symbolic Interactionism that help the reader to fully understand this comparison from a philosophical angle. Thus, in the first section the authors address the salient concepts of Symbolic Interactionism. In the second section we discuss the compatibility between the main goal of both Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism in a manner that differs from the account by Milliken and Schreiber (2001). The focus of the third section pertains to the relationship between the assumptions of Grounded Theory and the assumptions of Symbolic Interactionism followed by a conclusion. Concepts of Symbolic Interactionism This first section addresses the salient concepts of Symbolic Interactionism. These concepts include: the self-concept (the "I" and "Me"), the object (e.g., self as an object), "role-taking," "looking-glass self," and definition of the situation. The Self-Concept The purpose of this section is to give a thorough discussion about the self-concept and the communication process of its components ("I" and "Me"). The self is defined from the Symbolic Interactionism perspective as a complex interpretive process that involves a continuous communication between the "I" and the "Me;" that is, the "I" acts and the "Me" defends, evaluates, and interprets the self as reflected by others (Mead, 1934). …

Methodological practices in social movement research

Abstract: 1. Social Movement Studies and Methodological Pluralism: An Introduction 2. The Potentials of Grounded Theory in the Study of Social Movements 3. Qualitative Comparative Analysis: What It Is, What It Does, and How It Works 4. Triangulation in Social Movement Research 5. Comparative Historical Analysis 6. Historical Methodologies in Social Movement Research:. Historical Methodologies in Social Movement Research: Archival Research and Oral History 7. Participant Observation 8. Field Work in the Context of Violent Conflict and Authoritarian Regimes 9. Discourse and Frame Analysis:In-Depth Analysis of Qualitative Data in Social Movement Research 10. In-depth Interviews 11. Life Histories 12. Focus Groups 13. Surveying Protestors: Why and How 14. Protest Event Analysis and Its Offspring 15. Social Network Analysis 16. Methodological Practices in Social Movement Online Research 17. Working with Images 18. The Ethics of Social Movement Research

Ways of Knowing in HCI

Abstract: This textbook brings together both new and traditional research methods in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) Research methods include interviews and observations, ethnography, grounded theory and analysis of digital traces of behavior Readers will gain an understanding of the type of knowledge each method provides, its disciplinary roots and how each contributes to understanding users, user behavior and the context of use The background context, clear explanations and sample exercises make this an ideal textbook for graduate students, as well as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners

Relationally Reflexive Practice: A Generative Approach to Theory Development in Qualitative Research

Abstract: In this article we explain how the development of new organization theory faces several mutually reinforcing problems, which collectively suppress generative debate and the creation of new and alternative theories. We argue that to overcome these problems, researchers should adopt relationally reflexive practices. This does not lead to an alternative method but instead informs how methods are applied. Specifically, we advocate a stance toward the application of qualitative methods that legitimizes insights from the situated life-with-others of the researcher. We argue that this stance can improve our abilities for generative theorizing in the field of management and organization studies.

Qualitative and historiometric methods in leadership research: A review of the first 25 years of The Leadership Quarterly

Abstract: In the spirit of the 25th anniversary edition of The Leadership Quarterly, as the world's premier outlet for leadership research, we have reviewed qualitative and historiometric research across those 25 years Qualitative research is a complex and cluttered area of scholarship This is not because there is an inherent confusion about it Rather, it is because 'qualitative' research is a cover-all term for a wide range of research strategies, paradigms, parent disciplines, sources of data, and methods of analysis for them More so than in previous journal review articles, we explored variation in qualitative analysis as well as variety in qualitative data In terms of methodologies, our efforts concentrated on case study, content analysis, grounded theory and historiometrics We also examined trends toward post-positivism, post-modernity and liquid modernity, and their resultant benefits for researching leadership Future directions for leadership research are posited © 2013 Elsevier Inc