Showing papers on "Hybrid drive published in 2020"

Analysis of the Use of Electric Drive Systems for Crew Transfer Vessels Servicing Offshore Wind Farms

Abstract: The article presents issues related to the possibility of using electric propulsion systems in units used to transport crews servicing wind towers at sea. Offshore wind energy issues are discussed. Proposals for electric propulsion systems that could be used on units for transporting crews servicing offshore wind farms are presented. The possibility of using purely electrical drive systems or hybrid drive systems operating in a diesel-electric configuration is analyzed. By observing the motion of real CTV units, based on the data from the MarineTraffic service, a mathematical simulation model was developed, for which a number of simulations were carried out in the Modelica environment. The developed mathematical model takes into account the dynamic loads acting on the ship’s hull, hydrodynamic resistances, electric and diesel propulsion systems’ properties together with their individual elements’ characteristics. The tests of the electric propulsion system showed reduced fuel consumption (approx. 60%) and harmful gas emissions to the atmosphere (approximately 70%) in relation to conventional, internal combustion engine propulsion.

Analysis, Modeling and Control of a Hybrid Drive Wind Turbine with Hydrogen Energy Storage System

Abstract: Hybrid drive wind power generation system, equipped with the speed regulating differential mechanism (SRDM), is able to be friendly connected to power grid without the need of partly- or fully-rated converters The novel transmission schemes can promote not only the output power quality but also the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of the existing wind turbines (WTs) For the purpose of further improving the grid-connected operating performances of SRDM-based WT, this paper aims to develop a hybrid power production unit, in which the hydrogen storage system (HSS), comprising an electrolyzer, a hydrogen fuel cell and a supercapacitor, is integrated into SRDM-based WT The basic architecture and numerical modelling methods of key subsystems in SRDM-based WT as well as in HSS are analyzed After determining the eight different operating modes, a power supervision approach is synthesized for the proposed SRDM-based WT with HSS, by which the power flow management between energy sources and storage elements can be realized Case studies are carried out in the presence of different randomly varying wind speeds and grid voltage faults The satisfactory operating performances of the proposed wind-hydrogen hybrid system in terms of maximizing wind energy utilization, suppressing output power fluctuation and improving system continuous operating stability are verified

Improved Low-Frequency Operation of Hybrid Inverter for Medium-Voltage Induction Motor Drive Under V/f and Vector Control Mode of Operation

Abstract: In this paper, an improved control method has been proposed for hybrid inverter to drive medium-voltage induction motor. This hybrid inverter consists of high-voltage three-level inverter that is operated in quasi-square-wave mode. Low-voltage high-frequency H-bridge cells are connected in series with the three-level inverter. They eliminate harmonic voltages generated by the high-voltage quasi-square-wave inverter. This paper proposes systemic choice of harmonic voltages that the series cells need to generate. The choice of these harmonic voltages is dynamically modified based on operating frequency of the drive. This method ensures that the quality of motor current remains same at all operating frequency of the drive. The naturally regulated dc bus voltage of the series cells are kept low for the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) operation of the series cells. Several issues of adopting vector control strategy for hybrid drive have been addressed in this paper. Based on this analysis, suitable motor current control strategy has been proposed without speed sensor. Experimental results are produced for open-loop and closed-loop operations of this drive. The results show the satisfactory operation of this hybrid inverter-based induction motor drive operating from 5 to 50 Hz.

Simulation Models of Skidder Conventional and Hybrid Drive

Abstract: The paper presents a hypothetical conversion of a conventional cable skidder powertrain to its hybrid version. Simulations of skidder operation were made for two existing forest paths, based on the technical characteristics of the engine, transmission system and the characteristics of the winch. Fuel and time consumption were calculated per working cycle considering the operating conditions (slope, load mass). The model was then converted to a hybrid version by adding a battery energy storage system in parallel with the electrical power generator and by employing an energy management control strategy. The dimensions of the battery and the power generator were chosen based on the characteristics of the existing winch with the aim of completely taking over its operation. The management strategy was selected using the specific fuel consumption map. All simulations were repeated for the hybrid drive under the same operating conditions. The results show that fuel savings of around 13% can be achieved with the selected hybrid drive and steering strategy.

Modeling of Working Machines Synergy in the Process of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle Acceleration

Abstract: There are many different mathematical models that can be used to describe relations between energy machines in the power-split hybrid drive system. Usually, they are created based on simulations or measurements in bench (laboratory) conditions. In that sense, however, these are the idealized conditions. It is not known how the internal combustion engine and electrical machines work in real road conditions, especially during acceleration. This motivated the authors to set the goal of solving this research problem. The solution was to implement and develop the model predictive control (MPC) method for driving modes (electric, normal) of a hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a power-split drive system. According to the adopted mathematical model, after determining the type of model and its structure, the measurements were performed. There were carried out as road tests in two driving modes of the hybrid electric vehicle: electric and normal. The measurements focused on the internal combustion engine and electrical machines parameters (torque, rotational speed and power), state of charge of electrochemical accumulator system and equivalent fuel consumption (expressed as a cost function). The operating parameters of the internal combustion engine and electric machines during hybrid electric vehicle acceleration assume the maximum values in the entire range (corresponding to the set vehicle speeds). The process of the hybrid electric vehicle acceleration from 0 to 47 km/h in the electric mode lasted for 12 s and was transferred into the equivalent fuel consumption value of 5.03 g. The acceleration of the hybrid electric vehicle from 0 to 47 km/h in the normal mode lasted 4.5 s and was transferred to the value of 4.23 g. The hybrid electric vehicle acceleration from 0 to 90 km/h in the normal mode lasted 11 s and corresponded to the cost function value of 26.43 g. The presented results show how the fundamental importance of the hybrid electric vehicle acceleration process with a fully depressed gas pedal is (in these conditions the selected driving mode is a little importance).

Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic-Piezoelectric Hybrid Driven Three-Degree-of-Freedom Motor.

Abstract: Multi-DOF movement actuators are widely used in industry, mainly in the fields of bionics and precision machining. With the non-stop improvement of modern-day industry, the requirements for the precision, integration and flexibility of multi-degree-of-freedom motion actuators in the industrial field have progressively increased. This paper presents a novel electromagnetic–piezoelectric hybrid driven three-degree-of-freedom motor. The driving method of the hybrid drive motor can be divided into electromagnetic driving and piezoelectric driving. The motor structure and working principle are analyzed. The structural parameters are obtained by modal analysis of the stators and rotor. The rationality of the stator structure is proved by using the transient analysis of the piezoelectric stators. The magnetic field characteristics of the motor are analyzed by both analytical method and the finite element method. The contact pressure and displacement between the piezoelectric stator and the rotor are analyzed by the analytical method. A motor drive model is established, which provides the basis for motor optimization design and control. Finally, a motor prototype and its test platform were built, and the experimental results are presented to verify the rationality of the motor design.

Integrated Propulsive and Thermal Management System Design for Optimal Hybrid Electric Aircraft Performance

Abstract: The use of hybrid-electric propulsion systems aboard aircraft present opportunities for improved vehicle range and endurance, reduced fuel burn, as well as lower acoustic and thermal signatures. The energy benefits anticipated by such architectures may be offset, however, by new thermal management challenges introduced by the heat generated within the components of a hybrid-electric power train. A system level modeling approach that integrates the propulsion and thermal management subsystems is therefore critical to providing insight into the various tradeoffs. The current paper explores the reduction in fuel consumption offered by a series hybrid propulsion system using an integrated system modeling approach. A numerical model of the propulsive, thermal management, and flight dynamics subsystems was developed to simulate component and system level performance of a fixed wing, 11901 lb. medium altitude long endurance (MALE) vehicle, conventionally driven by a turboprop engine.. A thermal management system was integrated with the propulsive subsystem which utilized closed loop fuel cooling for electrical devices within the hybrid drive train, as well as a Polyalphaolephin (PAO) coolant loop to absorb the heat from several aircraft level auxiliary heat loads. Ram air was utilized to provide a heat sink for the PAO cooling loop, as well as the fuel loop to ensure return-to-tank fuel temperature limits are maintained. For a notional 18 hour flight mission, with respect to the conventional propulsion system, a fuel savings of 750 lb. was obtained, despite a gain of 708 lb. associated with the added weight of electrical devices within the drive train.

Enabling a B + -tree-based Data Management Scheme for Key-value Store over SMR-based SSHD

Abstract: Owing to the explosive growth of data volume, high areal density storage technologies have been proposed in the past few years. Among them, shingled magnetic recording (SMR) has been regarded as the most promising candidate to replace current conventional hard disk drive based on the perpendicular magnetic recording technology. However, SMR technology not only brings large capacity storage devices but also results in terrible random access performance. For increasing the random access performance of SMR, solid-state hybrid drive (SSHD) seems a possible solution in storage system development. Nevertheless, when an SMR-based SSHD is adopted to a large-scale data management system, a severe performance degeneration will happen because an indexing scheme for access efficiency always maintains data in the large-scale data management system. More specifically, jointly managing indexing keys and data values on an SSHD drive will result in the massive amount of write amplification because of read-merge-write operations and garbage collection processes. Based on such motivations, this work proposed a total solution, namely XsB+-tree, to establish a high-performance B+-tree-based data management scheme for key-value store systems. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first work to discuss the total solution for the key-value store over an SMR-based SSHD. According to our experimental results, XsB+ -tree can improve the access time by 80% on average and prolong the lifetime of SSD up to 19%.

Small Vessel with Inboard Engine Retrofitting Concepts; Real Boat Tests, Laboratory Hybrid Drive Tests and Theoretical Studies

Abstract: The development of modern technologies and their increasing availability, as well as the falling costs of highly efficient propulsion systems and power sources, have resulted in electric or hybrid propulsions systems’ growing popularity for use on watercraft. Presented in the paper are design and lab tests of a prototype parallel hybrid propulsion system. It describes a concept of retrofitting a conventionally powered nine meter-long vessel with the system, and includes results of power and efficiency measurements, as well as calculations of the vessel’s operating range under the propulsion of its electric motor. The concept of adding of a solar panels array was studied.

Wet clutch as an enabler of cost-efficient hybrid drive systems – Decoupling as functional extension

Abstract: Measures to improve the efficiency of internal combustion engine driven vehicles such as downsizing- and downspeeding can lead to unwanted side effects such as higher torque excitations by the drive unit. Also future hybrid drive train topologies and new operation modes as a result of hybridization and ongoing change in mobility lead to changed and new excitations. The simultaneously increasing demands for comfort by the customer make new measures to reduce vibrations necessary in modern drive trains.

Vibration Characteristics Analysis and Experimental Study of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Plastic-Metal Hybrid Drive Shaft

Abstract: Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) has several advantages, such as light weight, high strength, small thermal expansion coefficient and high damping ratio. The CFRP-metal hybrid drive shaft is taken as the study object to analyze its vibration characteristics. The laminate mode of the CFRP shaft tube is designed as [±15°3/ ±45° / ± 88° / ±88° / ±45° / ± 15°3 /88°]s, and the equivalent elastic modulus, equivalent shear modulus and modal damping of the CFRP shaft tube can be obtained by theoretical calculation. The change rule of the torsional vibration angle for the CFRP shaft tube is obtained by the finite-element analysis. Furthermore, the same bending vibration and torsional vibration are measured for the CFRP-metal hybrid drive shaft and the metal drive shaft using an acceleration sensor. The measured first-order bending resonance speed of the hybrid drive shaft is 1094.64 r/min, and its resonance amplitude is 0.118 mm. The measured first-order bending resonance speed of the metal drive shaft is 1,298.2 r/min, and its resonance amplitude is 0.21 mm. The maximum torsional vibration stress of the CFRP shaft tube is 330.0733 Mpa, which is far higher than the maximum torsional vibration stress (125.99 Mpa) of the metal drive shaft. It can be seen that the CFRP drive shaft has higher resistance to bending, torsion and vibration than the metal drive shaft.

Research on hybrid drive characteristics of permanent magnet toroidal motor in vehicle

Abstract: In this paper, a vehicle hybrid drive system with permanent magnet toroidal motor is proposed, and its driving characteristics are analyzed. Based on the operating characteristics of the permanent magnet toroidal motor, the permanent magnet toroida motor is introduced into the vehicle hybrid drive system. The permanent magnet toroidal motor in vehicle integrates two motors and a reducer. Compared with the traditional dual motor hybrid power system, the structure size of the drive system is reduced to a certain extent. Five different working modes and power transmission routes of the drive system under different speed and external conditions are analyzed. Considering the permanent magnet toroidal motor can output large torque at low speed in pure electric mode and hybrid mode, which ensures the vehicle has enough power. According to the different dynamic characteristics of the vehicle, the requirements for the parameters of the permanent magnet toroidal motor are derived, and the relationship between the output torque and speed of the permanent magnet toroidal motor is analyzed. This novel build a foundation for further study of hybrid system of permanent magnet toroidal motor.

Hybrid module having a hydraulically cooled friction clutch, and hybrid drive train

Abstract: A hybrid module for a drive train of a motor vehicle includes a housing, an electric machine disposed within the housing. The electric machine having a stator and a rotor arranged radially within the stator. The hybrid module having at least one hydraulically cooled friction clutch arranged radially within the rotor. A cooling device is provided that is configured to cool a plurality of friction surfaces of the at least one friction clutch and which has an annular collecting region coupled to the rotor for conjoint rotation therewith and entraining a hydraulic medium during operation, as well as a scoop section, which is secured to the housing and projects into the collecting region and via which the hydraulic medium is fed to a retaining chamber during operation.

Hybrid drive system

Abstract: The utility model discloses a hybrid power driving system which is used for outputting torque to an external axle and comprises an engine, a first motor, a second motor and a transmission assembly. The transmission assembly comprises a first shaft, a first joint unit, a second shaft, a first transmission mechanism, a second joint unit and a power output unit. The hybrid power driving system has the advantages that the hybrid power driving system has the following advantages; the driving system is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost and low in development difficulty; during operation, the first joint unit is disengaged and the second joint unit is jointed; according to the driving system, dual-motor driving can be achieved, the control unit can be switched among three power modesof single-motor driving, dual-motor driving and three-power-source hybrid driving according to power requirements, the energy efficiency is improved to a greater extent, design power degradation canbe correspondingly conducted on all power sources, and therefore the driving system is compact in overall structure and small in needed installation space.

Determination of the required power for bus hybrid engine

Abstract: This article presents a methodology for determining the required engine power of hybrid city buses. The vehicle’s driving cycle and its main technical characteristics were used as the initial data. The calculated change in power on the driving wheels is an intermediate result and is used to analyze the chains of energy transfer from gasoline engine to driving wheels. In this approach, a sequential type of circuit in a hybrid drive is used. A bus weighing 4 tons was considered as an example, and the calculations showed that the maximum power of the internal combustion engine should be 15.2 kW.

Hybrid drive intelligent evaluation control method for sewage treatment system

Abstract: The invention provides a hybrid drive intelligent evaluation control method for a sewage treatment system. The thought based on data and events are considered, and a novel hybrid drive iterative self-adaptive evaluation control design is used to solve the intelligent optimization control problem of one type of sewage treatment system. A neural dynamic programming technology is combined with an iterative adaptive evaluation framework, and under a data-driven learning mechanism, the dynamic information requirement of an optimization control design process on a controlled object is reduced. Meanwhile, a reasonable event-driven threshold value is designed, so that the control signal is updated when a proper condition is met, and the control efficiency of the complex dynamic system is practically improved. By adopting the hybrid drive intelligent judgment control method provided by the invention, the dissolved oxygen concentration and the nitrate nitrogen concentration can reach expected values, and the control efficiency of the whole system is remarkably improved.

Multi-axle hybrid vehicle energy integrated power supply and distribution system and method

Abstract: The invention provides a multi-axle hybrid power vehicle energy integrated power supply and distribution system and method. The technical problem that hybrid drive lacks integrated energy configuration and management means is solved. The system comprises a high-voltage bus used for forming a high-voltage trunk line penetrating through the whole vehicle and connected with a high-voltage power supply to supply power to a high-voltage load; a low-voltage bus used for forming a low-voltage trunk line penetrating through the whole vehicle and connected with a low-voltage power supply to supply power to a low-voltage load; a driving motor used for driving a driving axle to output electric driving power; a power battery pack used for outputting high-voltage electric power signals to form a high-voltage power supply; a low-voltage battery pack used for outputting low-voltage electric power signals to form a low-voltage power supply; and a controller used for controlling power supply and distribution energy management between power supply equipment on the high-voltage bus and the low-voltage bus and power utilization equipment on the high-voltage bus and the low-voltage bus to form on-off control of corresponding equipment. The power supply and the power distribution equipment are integrated, and the complexity, redundancy and reliability of a power supply and distribution structure areoptimized, so that the multi-axle vehicle has the optimal electrical performance.

Group of motor vehicles with a battery drive vehicle and/or a hybrid drive vehicle and/or a fuel cell drive vehicle and/or an internal combustion engine drive vehicle

Abstract: The group of motor vehicles according to the invention contains at least vehicles of two different vehicle types of the following vehicle types: - a battery drive vehicle with only one electric motor drive, - a hybrid drive vehicle with an electric motor drive and an internal combustion engine drive, - a fuel cell drive vehicle with a fuel cell drive, and - an internal combustion engine drive vehicle with only one internal combustion engine drive. All of the vehicle types of the group of motor vehicles have a base assembly with a left side sill structure, a right side sill structure, an upper base, a lower base, and a central tunnel structure.

Hybrid drive device for a motor vehicle

Abstract: A hybrid drive device (1) for a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine (2), a first electric motor (4), and a second electric motor (5), which are connected by means of a transmission to an output shaft (11) of the hybrid drive device (1), the transmission having a first partial transmission (9) and a second partial transmission (9'), which are each connectable to an output shaft (11), and the first electric motor (4) being connected to the first partial transmission (9) and the second electric motor (5) being connected to the second partial transmission (9'). The internal combustion engine (2) can be selectively decoupled from the transmission or connected interlockingly to the first partial transmission (9) or interlockingly to the second partial transmission (9'). The first electric motor (4) is connected at a constant transmission ratio to a first drive shaft (7) of the first partial transmission (9), and the second electric motor (5) is connected at a constant transmission ratio to a second drive shaft (7') of the second partial transmission (9'). The internal combustion engine (2) is connectable interlockingly to the first drive shaft (7) of the first partial transmission (9) or to the second drive shaft (7') of the second partial transmission (9'). The internal combustion engine (2) can also be connected interlockingly to the output shaft (11) by means of a direct gearshift device (12).

Transmission module for a hybrid drive vehicle

Abstract: A transmission module (1) for a hybrid drive vehicle adapted to be interposed between an internal combustion engine (E) and a vehicle transmission (T) and comprising a tray-like support structure (5) defining a housing (38) for a decoupling clutch (21) and adapted to be fixed to the internal combustion engine (E), and a module drive (6) carried by the support structure (5) and comprising a first transmission member (20) adapted to be connected to the decoupling clutch (21) by means of a torsional vibration damper (22) and a second transmission member (23) adapted to be connected to an electric machine (2); the damper (22) comprises an actuator (51) defining a centering with respect to the crankshaft (7) and to a transmission torque converter (T) and a seat for a support bearing (50) with respect to the support structure (5).

Method for operating a hybrid drive device for a motor vehicle and corresponding hybrid drive device

Abstract: A method for operating a hybrid drive apparatus for a motor vehicle, having an exhaust-gas-producing internal combustion engine and an electric motor. The internal combustion engine and the electric motor, respectively alone or at least sometimes jointly, provide a drive torque, wherein, when a start threshold value is exceeded by a demand variable. The internal combustion engine is started and the drive torque is at least partially generated by the internal combustion engine, and, when a stop threshold value is not met by the demand variable, the internal combustion engine is stopped and the drive torque is generated solely by means of the electric motor.