Showing papers on "Inert gas published in 1972"

Use of Auger Electron Spectroscopy and Inert Gas Sputtering for Obtaining Chemical Profiles

Abstract: An apparatus is described in which surface chemical analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) is carried out simultaneously with inert gas sputtering to obtain composition profiles normal to the solid–vacuum interface Chemical profiles are presented for as-evaporated and air-heated nichrome thin film resistors

Process of hydrophorizing highly dispersed metal or metalloid oxides

Abstract: Highly dispersed metal or metalloid oxides are rendered hydrophobic by I. contacting such oxide particles while in the form of an aerogel with a dry inert gas stream in a fluidizing bed at a temperature from 600 to 1000* C and atmospheric pressure for a period of less than 60 seconds to render the particles absolutely dry and thus to activate them; II. charging the resultant dried and activated particles in a fluidizing bed with at least one gas-phase organosilicon compound selected from the group consisting (a) of linear organopolysiloxanes (b) cyclic organopolysiloxanes (c) a mixture of both types of siloxanes and (d) a mixture of any of the compounds at (a)-(c) with an organohalogenosilane at a temperature in the range from 25* to 650* C; III. causing said charged oxide to react with the organosilicon compounds noted at (II) at a temperature from 35* to 650* C; and IV. finally treating the reaction product with an inert gas stream in a fluidizing bed at temperatures from 500* to 125* C.

Fuel tank inerting system

Abstract: An inert gas to inert the fuel tanks of an aircraft or the like is produced from the reaction between fuel and bleed or ram air The reaction gases are then cooled before being provided to the fuel tank to be inerted

Mercury recovery process

Abstract: A process for the recovery of mercury from aqueous solutions containing elemental mercury in finely divided or colloidal form or in the form of a soluble inorganic compound by treating the solution with a chemical reducing agent such as ferrous sulphate at a pH greater than 5, iron or steel turnings or chips, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, D-glucose and sodium borohydride with simultaneous removal of the resulting finely divided or colloidal mercury from the solution as a vapour and recovering the mercury from vapour. Methods of removing mercury as a vapour are by passing a stream of inert gas through the solution and steam distillation, which latter term includes injection of "live" steam and using the technique of single or multiple stage flash distillation under vacuum. A combination of the two methods is found most effective.

Method of producing an artificial diamond film

Abstract: 1. A METHOD OF PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL DIAMOND FILMS WHICH COMPRISES SPUTTERING AT LEAST TWO GRAPHITE CATHODES SIMULTANEOUSLY BY IONS OF AN ELECTRIC DISCHARGE IN AN INERT GAS AT A PRESSURE OF ABOUT 10-7 TO 10-4 TORR, TO THEREBY FORM AT LEAST TWO ATOMIC BEAMS OF CARBON, THE INERT GAS PRESSURE BEING MAINTAINED SUCH THAT NEUTRAL CARBON ATOMS EMITTED FROM THE CATHODES REACH THE SUBSTRATE SURFACE WITHOUT COLLIDING WITH THE INERT GAS PARTICLES, SAID ATOMIC BEAMS OF CARBON BEING DEPOSITED ON SAID COMMON SOLID SUBSTRATE WITH OVERLAPPING ON THE SURFACE THEREOF TO THEREBY FORM SAID DIAMOND FILM.

Apparatus for and method of determining oxygen and carbon dioxide in sealed containers

Abstract: An apparatus and a method by means of which oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in a liquid in a sealed container and oxygen in the headspace of the same container can be determined. The apparatus can also be used to measure dissolved oxygen in liquids in open containers. A valve fitted with a syringe makes it possible to draw representative samples of known volume from both the headspace and the liquid within the container. The specimens thus obtained are directed into an oxygen-free stream of inert gas from which CO2 is absorbed and the O2 is transferred to an oxygen detector. Dissolved CO2 is determined from a reading of the total gas pressure on a gauge and from measurements of the volume of liquid in the container and the volume of the container itself.

Controlled curing pf poly(arylene sulfide)resins

Abstract: THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF POLY(ARYLENE SULFIDE) RESINS CAN BE INCREASED BY HEAT TREATMENT UNDER OXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE AT AN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE BELOW THE MELTING POINT OF THE RESIN. THIS CURING REACTION CAN BE TERMINATED BY FLUSHING OUT THE OXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE WITH AN INERT GAS, SUCH AS STEAM AND THEN COOLING THE RESIN IN THE PRESENCE OF THE INERT GAS TO A TEMPERATURE AT WHICH NO SIGNIFICANT CURING WOULD BE ACCOMPLISHED IN AN OXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE. THE COOLING OF THE RESIN CAN THEN BE COMPLETED IN THE PRESENCE OF AIR.

Solid phase polycondensation process

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR PREPARING SEGMENTED THERMOPLAASTIC COPOLYSTERS OF SUFFICIENTLY HIFG MOLECULAR WEIGHT SO THAT THE INHERENT VISCOSITY OF THE COPOLYSTER HAVING AN 1;2 MEASURED IN M-CRESOL AT 30*, WHEREIN SOILID TIC ES OF THE PARTIALLY POLYMERIZED COPOLYSTER HAVING AN INHERENT VISCOSITY OF AT LEAST ABOUT 5 TO 20 MESH, ARE HETED TAKE FORM OF GRANUELS OF ABOUT 5 TO 2O MESH, ARE HEATED TO A TEMPERATURE OF ABOT 140-220* C THE HEATING TAKES PLACE IN AN INERT GAS STREAM OR IN A VACUUM, FOR A PERIOD F 1 TO 72 HOURS

Process for applying glassy carbon coatings

Abstract: A process is provided for coating ceramic oxide, carbon and graphite substrates with a thin, well adhered surface layer of impervious, vitreous or glassy carbon glaze. Polyvinylchloride, polyvinylfluoride or other natural or synthetic organic substance is decomposed by heating in an inert atmosphere at 375* - 410* C. for 5 to 100 minutes. The decomposition product is dissolved in an aromatic solvent, preferably benzene or toluene. The substrate is coated in the solution by dipping and baked for about 12 minutes in an inert atmosphere at 800* - 1200* C. Repeated coatings may be applied for a thicker carbon glaze.

Inert gas stripping of contaminated water

Abstract: Water containing contaminating gases such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and ammonia is freed of these contaminants by closed system stripping process which employs an inert gas and steam.

Method and plant for storing and transporting a liquefied combustible gas

Abstract: For the purpose of storing and transporting a liquefied combustible gas, in a methane tanker for example, together with a virtually inert gas such as nitrogen in contact with said combustible gas, use is made of additional energy either, as the case may be, in order to liquefy the inert gas - utilizing the evaporation of the combustible gas to that end - or in order to reliquefy the evaporated combustible gas - utilizing the evaporation of the liquid inert gas to that end.

Apparatus for irradiation of a moving product in an inert atmosphere

Abstract: A treatment enclosure for irradiating a moving product which passes through said enclosure comprising an open treatment chamber housing a source of radiant energy, a pair of tunnels extending longitudinally from opposite sides of the chamber and an elongated inert gas injector channel, which opens into the enclosure a distance from the inlet tunnel end of the enclosure equal to at least ten times the smallest cross sectional dimension of the tunnel opening and which lies substantially parallel to the tunnel width, for directing inert gas at the moving product.

Alkylammonium Decomposition on Montmorillonite Surfaces in an Inert Atmosphere

Abstract: A study of the thermal transformation of alkylammonium cations adsorbed on the surface of a montmorillonite in various conditions of hydration has been carried out. The experimental conditions were: inert atmosphere, temperatures below 250°C and time periods up to 270 days. The reactions observed are mainly transalkylations, for which a mechanism of acid catalysis is proposed. A high degree of dissociation of the water remaining on the surface of the clay is required and is attained for an optimal, and rather low, water content of the clay.

Polymerization with thermally aged catalyst

Abstract: ETHYLENE IS HOMOPOLYMERISED, OR COPOLYMERIZED WITH OTHER ALPHA OLEFINS, WITH A CATALYST COMPRISING PI-BONDED CHROMIUM COMPOUND SUPPORTED ON INORGANIC OXIDE AND THERMALLY AGED IN AN INERT ATMOSPHERE. THE THERMAL AGING OF THE CATALYST CHANGES THE MELT INDEX AND UNSATURATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLYMERS MADE THEREWITH.

Secondary recovery using carbon dixoide and an inert gas

Abstract: Recovery of oil from an oil-bearing reservoir is effected by the injection of a mixture of carbon dioxide and an inert gas in a critical ratio whereby there is formed a miscible transition zone between the mixture and the reservoir oil.

Quasi-onedimensional analysis of gaseous free detonations.

Abstract: A quasi-onedimensional theory which was developed by Tsuge and Fujiwara for the free detonation propagating through an explosive gas column immersed in an inert gas environment separated from the former by a thin film is applied to the same problem in examining the effect of external pressures. For the oxyozone free detonation with arbitrarily selected parameters (14 mole per cent ozone, the initial temperature of the entire system 300 K, the initial charge pressure l atm, the charge diameter 1 cm and the environmental inert gas Argon), the double-valuedness as the limit of the propagation velocity which was met in examining the effects of other parameters is obtained. It is found that the Newtonian approximation can be used for moderate values of the inert environmental pressure (0.7∼7 atm), and in the other pressure range ( p 00 7 atm) the quasi-onedimensional theory breaks down, though such results have no relationship with the obtained double-valuedness of the propagation velocity a...

Effect of Activated Gas Plasma on Surface Characteristics and Bondability of RTV Silicone and Polyethylene

Abstract: An RTV silicone and high density polyethylene are exposed in an activated gas plasma for varying times and varying conditions. Both oxygen and argon are used. Changes in critical surface tension of wetting as determined by contact angle measurements are reported. Bondability of the treated surfaces is evaluated with both the aged bonds and aged surfaces prior to bonding being evaluated. In contradiction to some of the recent work reported in the literature on the effect of activated inert gas on surface characteristics, contact angles always decreased on the materials studied indicating an increase in surface energy. The significance of the results on present adhesion theories is discussed.

Effects of Crystal Growth Environment on Defect Concentrations in Anthracene Crystals

Abstract: An efficient yet inexpensive crystal growing furnace has been constructed. With this furnace crystals have been grown with helium, argon, nitrogen or xenon as the inert gas heat exchanger. The nature of this inert gas affects the concentration of defects within the bulk of the crystal. Thus, though several crystal parameters are invariant under these conditions, this is not always the case, particularly at low temperatures. A low pressure of helium is found to have the least effect upon these crystal parameters.

Method for making metal powder of low oxygen content

Abstract: A method for making metal powder by atomizing molten metal is improved by causing the solidifying metal droplets to be subjected to a whirling flow of a powdery coolant such as a different powder, e.g. quartz sand or powder separated from the extracted flow of powder just made and cooled additionally. The whirling flow is sustained by blowing an inert gas in up direction into the powder collection chamber.

The thermal degradation of hydrofluoro polymers

Abstract: The evolution of hydrogen fluoride (or other degradation products giving rise to Fions in aqueous solution) from a number of hydrofluoro polymers has been studied in nitrogen or air over a range of temperatures using a fluoride ion selective electrode to monitor the process. The results in an inert atmosphere illustrate the effect of chemical structure upon the relative ease of hydrogen fluoride elimination.

Mercury metal analyzer

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the amount of mercury in a liquid or gas sample is provided comprising means for sequentially oxidizing and reducing a non-organic fluid containing mercury combined with organic molecules to form mercury metal and means for passing an inert gas to carry said mercury metal to a UV spectrophotometer wherein the amount of mercury is recorded.

Isostatic hot-pressing process for manufacturing dense sintered articles

Abstract: A method of making highly-dense polycrystalline bodies, e.g., video recording heads by sintering in an inert gas atmosphere having a pressure greater than atmospheric, i.e., 25 to 30 kg/cm2 at the sintering temperature.

Apparatus and process for the separation of inert gases from gas mixture containing carbon dioxide

Abstract: A system for the separation of inert gases, which may be radioactive, from carbon dioxide gas mixtures wherein the gas mixture is washed with liquid carbon dioxide in which the inert gases, expecially krypton and xenon are highly soluble, whereupon the radioactive inert gases are separated from the liquid carbon dioxide in a rectification column.

Binding Energies of Inert Gas Trimers

Abstract: The ground state energy of inert gas trimers X3(X is Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) is calculated for Lennard‐Jones 12–6 pair potentials. The results of a variational calculation and an estimate of the zero‐point vibrational energy are in good agreement. A lower bound on the ground state energy is also discussed.

Method of opening an intermediate vessel nozzle for continuous casting

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for handling liquid steel in a tundish preparatory to teeming the steel into a continuous casting mold. Initially the tundish outlet is closed with a slidable gate which has a porous plug aligned with the outlet. Inert gas is injected into the steel through this plug to agitate the steel in the region of the tundish outlet. Inert gas injection is terminated shortly before the commencement of teeming, and oxygen rich gas is injected to react exothermically with the steel in the nozzle well area. Thereafter the porous plug slidable gate is replaced with a conventional gate having a teeming opening.

Device for melting sponge metal using inert gas plasmas

Abstract: A device for melting sponge metal and especially suitable for melting sponge metals of Groups 4b and 5b of the periodic system, including a hermetically sealed, cooled mold, a transferred-arc noble gas plasma burner providing a vertical plasma for acting on sponge metal piled in the mold, and an insulating jacket surrounding the burner and screening the plasma from sponge metal situated laterally to the plasma, so that the plasma may be confined substantially completely to a direction of steepest potential gradient.