Showing papers on "International political economy published in 2009"
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: A broad overview of the political economy of communication can be found in this paper, with a focus on the development of a political economy for communication. But, as stated in the introduction, "political economy is defined and characterized by: content, audience, audiences, labour spatialization, space, time, and communication structure".
Abstract: Overview of the Political Economy of Communication What is Political Economy? Definitions and Characteristics What is Political Economy? Schools of Thought The Development of a Political Economy of Communication The Political Economy of Communication: Building a Foundation The Political Economy of Communication Today Commodification: Content, Audiences, Labour Spatialization: Space, Time, and Communication Structuration: Class, Gender, Race, Social Movements, Hegemony Challenges on the Borders ... and Beyond
984 citations
TL;DR: A growing body of work has emerged on the politicaleconomy and political-ecology of water and water circulation as discussed by the authors, which is re-defining the contours of water resources research and opening up an exciting and vitally important research agenda for the years to come.
Abstract: Geographers have been engaged in research into access to safe drinking water for years. In fact, Abel Wolman helped chlorinate the world’s water. Over the past few years and in the wake of the resurgence of the environmental question on the political agenda, a growing body of work has emerged on the political-economy and political-ecology of water and water circulation (Gandy 1997, Loftus 2005, Kaika 2005, Castro 2006). This is re-defining the contours of water resources research and opening up an exciting and vitally important research agenda for the years to come. Political-ecological perspectives on water suggest a close correlation between the transformations of, and in, the hydrological cycle at local, regional and global levels on the one hand and relations of social, political, economic, and cultural power on the other (Swyngedouw 2004). In a sustained attempt to transcend the modernist nature – society binaries, hydro-social research envisions the circulation of water as a combined physical and social process, as a hybridized socionatural flow that fuses together nature and society in inseparable manners (Swyngedouw 2006a). It calls for revisiting traditional fragmented and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of water by insisting on the inseparability of the social and the physical in the production of particular hydrosocial configurations (Bakker 2003, Heynen et al. 2005). Such a perspective opens all manner of new and key research issues and urges considering a transformation in the way in which water policies are thought about, formulated, and implemented. In what follows, an outline is provided of some of the vital issues and socio-natural properties of the hydro-social cycle and charts the terrain for future research.
499 citations
Book•
10 Jan 2009
TL;DR: Theoretical Approaches to international relations as discussed by the authors have been studied in the literature for a long time, from realist to Neorealist and Neoclassical Realist theory.
Abstract: (Most chapters end with Conclusion and each chapter ends with Notes.) Preface. 1. Theoretical Approaches to International Relations. Introduction. Early Approaches to International-Relations Theory. Modern Approaches to International-Relations Theory. The Development of International-Relations Theory. The Definition and Scope of International Relations. Traditional Theory: Balance of Power. 2. From Realist to Neorealist and Neoclassical Realist Theory. Theoretical Foundations. Neorealist Theory. Realism, Neorealism, Neoclassical Realist Theory: Limitations and Contributions. 3. System, Structure, Agent, and International Relations Theory. System and Structure. Structuralism and Structuration. Other Uses of System. Systems at the International Level. Theories of Polarity and International Stability. System Structure and Stability. Regional Subsystems in the International System. 4. The Physical/Social/Environing Context: Constructing Reality. From Structure-Agent to Constructivism. Environing Factors: Earlier Twentieth-Century Approaches. Geographic Factors of National Power. Mahan, the Seas, and National Power. The Sprouts and Human-Milieu Relationships. Spatial Relationships and Conflict: Recent Work. The Clash of Civilizations? Redefining the Meaning of Borders. Critiques of Environmental Theories. 5. The Older Theories of Conflict and War. Prerequisites of a General Theory of Conflict and War. Micro- and Macro-Theories of Conflict. Individuals and International Conflict. Conflict and Social Integration. Varieties of Conflict. Theories of War and Its Causes in Antiquity. The Philosophical Theories of the Nation-State Period. Modern Pacifist Theories. Bellicist Theories. Bellicists and Antidemocratic Theories. Anarchism and the Marxist Socialists. The Normative Theory of Just War in the Nuclear Age. 6. Microcosmic Theories of Violent Conflict. Modern Studies of Motivations and War. Biological and Psychological Theories. Instinct Theories of Aggression. Animal Behavior Studies. Lorenz: Intraspecific Aggression. Frustration-Aggression Theory. Socialization, Displacement, and Projection. Learned Aggression and Military Training. Learning, Images, and International Conflict. Aggression Diversion and Reduction. Other Psychological Theories. Conclusion: Microcosmic Theories in Perspective. 7. Macrocosmic Theories of Violent Conflict: International War. Inside Versus Outside Dimensions of Conflict. Lessons from Primitive and Other Societies. Other Insights from Theorists of Society. Revolution and War. The Internationalization of Internal War and Low-Intensity Conflict. Political Science and the Causes of War. The Scientific Study of War. The Correlates of War Project and Statistical Analyses of War. Arms Races, Alliances, and War. National Growth and International Violence. Power as Distance and Power Transition. Capability, Risk, Expected Utility, and Probability of War. Cyclical and Long-Cycle Theories of War. Democracies, War, and Peace. 8. Theories of Deterrence: Arms Control and Strategic Stability. Historical Background. The Theoretical Debate. Dilemmas of Deterrence. Rationality Versus Irrationality. Nuclear Deterrence and Conventional Defense. Empirical Studies of Deterrence. Disarmament, Arms Control, and Deterrence. The End of the Cold War. Rethinking Deterrence After the Cold War. International Terrorism. Deterrence in the Twenty-First Century. 9. International Political Economy. Mercantilism. Liberalism. The Resurgence of Realism/Nationalism in the Interwar Period. Marxist/Dependency Theory. The Theory of Imperialism. Lenin and Conflict Theory. Marxist/Leninist Theory Since the 1950s. Realist and Liberal Critics of the Economic Theories of Imperialism. Post-World War II Economic Liberalism. Marxists, Neo-Marxists, and the Third World. Critique of Marxists and Neo-Marxists. Imperialism as Political Slogan. The Theory of Dependency. The Capitalist World Economy. Oil, Inflation, and the Debt Crisis. The North-South Debate and the NIEO. Multinational Corporations and Governments. Post-Marxist Critical International Theory. The Three Models Revisited. The Global Financial Crisis. 10. Theories of International Cooperation and Integration. Cooperation and International Integration. Joseph Nye and Neofunctionalism. Transactions and Communications: Implications for Security Communities. Alliances. NATO After the Cold War. Integration Theory: Problems of Conceptualization and Measurement. Limitations of Functionalism and Neofunctionalism. The Development of Theories of Integration and Cooperation. 11. Decision-Making Theories: Choice and the Unit Level Actor. Decision-Making Analysis: Its Nature and Origins. Approaches to Decision-Making Theory. Bureaucratic Politics. Motivations and Characteristics of Decision Makers. The Decision-Making Process. Game Theory and Decision Making. International Relations as a Game. Allison's Three Models. The Refinements of Snyder and Diesing. The Cybernetic Theory of Decision Making. Decision Making in Crisis. Toward a Theory of Crisis Behavior. The Systematic Study of International Crisis Behavior. Psychology and Decision Making. Foreign Policy Decision Making and Domestic Politics. 12. International Relations Theory: Into the Third Millennium. Major Focal Points of Contemporary Theory. Emerging Substantive Interests. Policymaking and International-Relations Theory. Theorizing about the Future. The Role of Normative Theory. Index.
363 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that rational choice and historical institutionalism tend to reinforce their substantive theories either by disaggregating the state into its historical institutional components or by focusing on the strategic actions of its rational actors.
Abstract: Dominant theoretical approaches in political economy today, whether they posit convergence to neoliberal capitalism, binary divergence of capitalisms, or tripartite differentiation of financial governance, downplay the importance of state action. Their methodological approaches, rational choice and historical institutionalism, tend to reinforce their substantive theories either by disaggregating the state into its historical institutional components or by focusing on the strategic actions of its rational actors. This article argues that by not taking state action seriously, they are unable to explain the differences in degree and kind of countries' neoliberal reforms. For this, it is necessary to bring the state back in and to put the political back into political economy not just in terms of political economic institutions but also in terms of policies, polity, and politics. To explore the political in all its variety, however, the article demonstrates that at least one more methodological approach, discursive institutionalism, is also needed. This approach, by taking the role of ideas and discourse seriously, brings political actors as sentient beings back in. This in turn also enables the author to explain the dynamics of neoliberal reform in political economy.
258 citations
Book•
08 Jul 2009
TL;DR: Sidgwick's Method of Ethics (1874) as mentioned in this paper is a significant and influential book on moral theory, which considers the role the state plays (and ought to play) in economic life, and whether economics should be considered an Art or a Science.
Abstract: Henry Sidgwick, (1838–1900), philosopher, classicist, lecturer and fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and supporter of women's university education, is well known for his Method of Ethics (1874), a significant and influential book on moral theory. First published in 1883, this work considers the role the state plays (and ought to play) in economic life, and whether economics should be considered an Art or a Science. Sidgwick applies his utilitarian views to economics, defending John Stuart Mill's 1848 treatise of the same name. The book calls for a return to traditional political economy by eliminating 'needless polemics'. Sidgwick also outlines the need to bridge the gap between his analytical or deductive method and the inductive method employed by Mill's critics, the new generation of economic philosophers including John Elliot Cairnes and William Stanley Jevons. The second edition, reissued here, was published in 1887.
246 citations
TL;DR: The internationalization of policies and politics is catching the attention of a growing number of scholars in the field of international political economy and comparative public policy as mentioned in this paper, and it has attracted the interest of many researchers.
Abstract: The internationalization of policies and politics is catching the attention of a growing number of scholars in the field of international political economy and comparative public policy (Knill, 200...
183 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the literature in international political economy and comparative politics that has theoretically and empirically addressed these questions and conduct some empirical tests in a sample of developing countries to briefly evaluate the empirical relationship between democracy and economic globalization.
Abstract: We address two questions that are central to the literature on the emergence of democracy and economic globalization. First, does democratization foster higher levels of trade and capital account openness? Second, do trade and capital account openness increase the likelihood of democratization? We review the literature in international political economy and comparative politics that has theoretically and empirically addressed these questions. We then conduct some empirical tests in a sample of developing countries to briefly evaluate the empirical relationship between democracy and economic globalization. Our analysis reveals that evidence for the claim that democracy fosters trade and capital account liberalization is robust but that empirical support for the predicted positive effect of economic openness on democracy among developing countries is weak. More theoretical work is needed to clarify the link between democracy and economic liberalization, and to this end we provide possible topics for future research.
163 citations
Book•
05 Mar 2009
TL;DR: A society-centered approach to the politics of trade has been proposed in this paper, where a state-centred approach to trade politics is proposed to deal with international economic issues.
Abstract: 1. International Political Economy 2. The WTO and the World Trade System 3. The Political Economy of International Trade Cooperation 4. A Society-Centered Approach to the Politics of Trade 5. A State-Centered Approach to Trade Politics 6. Trade and Development I: Import Substitution Industrialization 7. Trade and Development II: Economic Reform 8. Multinational Corporations in the Global Economy 9. The Politics of Multinational Corporations 10. The International Monetary System 11. Contemporary International Monetary Arrangements 12. A Society-Centered Approach to Monetary and Exchange-Rate Policies 13. A State-Centered Approach to Monetary and Exchange-Rate Policies
151 citations
10 Jan 2009
TL;DR: The Cultural Dimensions of International Politics Interplay between Culture and Strategy Methodology is discussed in this paper, where the authors explain the transformation of legitimacy of Legitimacy and explain the Transformation International Political Culture Plan of the Book.
Abstract: Acknowledgments vii Chapter One: Introduction: The Transformation of Legitimacy 1 Explaining the Transformation International Political Culture Plan of the Book Chapter Two: International Political Culture and Systemic Change 15 The Cultural Dimensions of International Politics Interplay between Culture and Strategy Methodology Conclusion Chapter Three: Old Regime Political Culture 61 International Relations: Strategic Overview The Political Culture of Old Regime Europe Cultural Complementarities: Enlightenment and Monarchy Cultural Contradictions in the Old European Order Conclusion Chapter Four: The American Revolution 110 Republicanism Political Economy Cosmopolitanism versus Nationalism in American Foreign Policy Conclusion Chapter Five: The French Revolution 165 The Collapse of the Ancien Regime Revolution and War Conclusion Chapter Six: Conclusion: Fractured Hegemony and the Seeds of Change 211 Legacies Political Culture and Systemic Change Bibliography 235 Index 247
144 citations
Book•
20 Jul 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of international relations theories and their application in the international political economy, including: 1. International Relations Theories 2. Sovereignty and the State System 3. Security 4. International Cooperation 5. Global Governance 6. North-South Relations and International Political Economy 7. Globalization 8. Regionalism Bibliography Index
Abstract: Acknowledgments Introduction 1. International Relations Theories 2. Sovereignty and the State System 3. Security 4. International Cooperation 5. Global Governance 6. North-South Relations and the International Political Economy 7. Globalization 8. Regionalism Bibliography Index
114 citations
TL;DR: The United States emerged from the 1990s as an unrivaled global “unipolar” state as discussed by the authors, and this extraordinary imbalance has triggered global debate about the character of domination in a unipolar distribution.
Abstract: The United States emerged from the 1990s as an unrivaled global “unipolar” state. This extraordinary imbalance has triggered global debate. Governments and peoples around the world are struggling to understand to how an American-centered unipolar system operates—and to respond to it. What is the character of domination in a unipolar distribution? To what extent can a unipolar state translate its formidable capabilities into meaningful influence? Will a unipolar world be built around rules and institutions or be based more on the unilateral exercise of unipolar power? Scholars too are asking these basic questions about unipolarity and international relations theory. The individual contributions develop hypotheses and explore the impact of unipolarity on the behavior of the dominant state, on the reactions of other states, and on the properties of the international system. Collectively, they find that unipolarity does have a profound impact on international politics. International relations under conditions of unipolarity force a rethinking of conventional and received understandings about the operation of the balance of power, the meaning of alliance partnerships, the logic of international economic cooperation, the relationship between power and legitimacy, and the behavior of satisfied and revisionist states.
TL;DR: This paper argued that the fundamental disagreement over what makes a state small has actually benefited the area of small states studies by providing it with conceptual flexibility to match different research designs as well as the quite substantial variations among actual small states in the world.
Abstract: The small state has so far escaped a consensus definition because ‘the’ small state has in fact been conceived of very differently. Different studies of ‘the’ small state have characterized it quite distinctly. In fact, there is substantial disagreement even over what type of criteria, quantifiable or qualitative, are most appropriate to characterize the small state. However, I argue that such fundamental disagreement over what makes a state small has actually benefited the area of small states studies by providing it with conceptual flexibility to match different research designs as well as the quite substantial variations among actual small states in the world. In short, in the discipline of international relations as well as in reality, more than one definition of the small state does and should exist.
TL;DR: In the open economy politics approach as discussed by the authors, the authors focus on how interests are constructed and how policies are subject to processes of international diffusion, and are remarkably reluctant to focus on major changes taking place in world politics.
Abstract: The ‘old’ IPE of the 1960s and 1970s explored the political implications of economic interdependence, in an analytically loose but creative way. The ‘new IPE’, as embodied in the open economy politics approach, is more rigorous and has the virtue of integrating comparative and international political economy into a common framework. But it pays too little attention both to how interests are constructed and how policies are subject to processes of international diffusion, and it is remarkably reluctant to focus on major changes taking place in world politics. IPE should come to grips with the fact that genuine economic development is taking place on a global scale; on the role of China, on volatility in financial and energy markets; on the role of actor other than states, and on the implications of the Internet for the analysis of power.
Book•
05 Feb 2009
TL;DR: The history of political thought as a methodological enquiry is discussed in this paper, with a focus on the role of the historian as a political actor in polity, society and academy.
Abstract: Foreword Part I. Political Thought as History: 1. The history of political thought: a methodological enquiry 2. Working on ideas in time 3. Verbalizing a political act: towards a politics of speech 4. Political ideas as historical events political philosophers as historical actors 5. The reconstruction of discourse: towards the historiography of political thought 6. The concept of a language and the metier d'historien: some considerations on practice 7. Texts as events: reflections on the history of political thought 8. Quentin Skinner: the history of politics and the politics of history Part II. History as Political Thought: 9. The origins of study of the past: a comparative approach 10. Time, institutions and action: an essay on traditions and their understanding 11. The historian as political actor in polity, society and academy 12. The politics of history: the subaltern and the subversive 13. The politics of historiography.
Book•
04 Mar 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a view from the inside of the academy to policy, from academy to government, from a perspective of the state and its role in the international system.
Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables 3. International Political Economy: Abiding Discord 4. State Power and the Structure of International Trade 5. Global Communications and National Power 6. Globalization and Sovereignty 7. Defending the national interest: raw materials investments, and US. foreign policy 8. Sovereignty: organized hypocrisy 9. Organized Hypocrisy in 19th Century East Asia 10. Logics of Consequences and Appropriateness in the International System 11. Approaches to the State: Alternative Conceptions and Historical Dynamics 12. Sovereignty: An Institutional Perspective 13. Sharing Sovereignty: New Institutions for Collapsed and Failing States 14. From academy to policy - A View from the Inside
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that trade relationships among developing countries are strengthening, and where economic lines between developed and emerging developing countries is blurring, reflecting new patterns in the international political economy.
Abstract: Since the 2007 food crisis, controversy has engulfed biofuels. Leading up to the crisis, world-wide interest in these fuels—which include biomass, biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel—had been surging as states increasingly saw these as a way to meet greenhouse gas reduction targets and promote sustainable economic development. Now some consumers, notably in Europe, are scaling back demand as they worry that biofuels are responsible for increased food prices and deforestation. In contrast, some states—particularly Brazil and the USA, the world's leading bioethanol producers—continue to promote biofuel development, especially in developing countries. Partnerships arising from these efforts, we argue, reflect new patterns in the international political economy, where trade relationships among developing countries are strengthening, and where economic lines between developed and emerging developing countries are blurring. Given previously observed patterns of resource exploitation involving complex web...
Book•
18 Aug 2009
TL;DR: A comprehensive and comprehensive history of international organizations from their very beginning at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 up to the present day, and providing the reader with nearly two centuries of world history seen from the perspective of international organisations is presented in this paper.
Abstract: This is a definitive and comprehensive history of international organizations from their very beginning at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 up to the present day, and provides the reader with nearly two centuries of world history seen from the perspective of international organizations. It covers the three main fields of international relations: security, economics and the humanitarian domain which often overlap in international organizations. As well as global and intercontinental organizations, the book also covers regional international organizations and international non-governmental organizations in all continents.
The book progresses chronologically but also provides a thematic and geographical coherence so that related developments can be discussed together. A series of detailed tables, figures, charts and information boxes explain the chronologies, structures and relationships of international organizations. There are biographies, histories and analysis of hundreds of international organizations.
This is an essential reference work with direct relevance to scholars in international relations, international political economy, international economics and business and security studies.
TL;DR: The global financial crisis that began in 2007 is a once-in-a-lifetime event with wide-ranging consequences for government policymaking as mentioned in this paper, which has prompted much soul-searching among economists and financial experts who failed to anticipate it, or whose warnings were not taken seriously by regulators and investors.
Abstract: The global financial crisis that began in 2007 is a once-in-a-lifetime event with wide-ranging consequences for government policymaking. The crisis has prompted much soul-searching among economists and financial experts who failed to anticipate it, or whose warnings were not taken seriously by regulators and investors. Scholars of international political economy (IPE), however, are generally not in the business of predicting financial crises or recessions, and so the field is unlikely to see the crisis as a manifestation of scholarly failure. Yet the crisis may have an appreciable impact on the trajectory of IPE, just as the downfall of the Soviet Union shaped subsequent scholarship on international relations and great-power conflict and prompted a movement away from grand, and toward mid-range, theories. We discuss three categories of inquiry—or puzzles within the realm of global finance—that have received relatively little attention within the field of IPE, but which should receive greater scrutiny as a result of the crisis: the determinants of cross-national variation in financial regulation; patterns of cooperation and discord within global regulatory bodies and the involvement of emerging-market countries in these bodies; and the interplay between individual firms-as-political-actors and public policy outcomes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline the most important emerging paradigm in international political economy (IPE), known as open economy politics (OEP), and contrast the epistemology of OEP, based on partial equilibrium analysis, with that of the British school of IPE, which favors a more holistic approach.
Abstract: Beginning from the Teaching, Research, and International Politics (TRIP) survey, this paper outlines the most important emerging paradigm in international political economy (IPE), known as open economy politics (OEP). This approach forms the core of the ‘American’ school of IPE. The paper then contrasts the epistemology of OEP, based on partial equilibrium analysis, with that of the ‘British’ school of IPE, which favors a more holistic approach. This difference is not captured well in the TRIP survey, nor is it particularly well understood by many proponents of either side. Recognizing the progressive nature of the OEP research program, the essay concludes with a call to bridge but not necessarily to abolish the transatlantic divide.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that geographical political economy provides a coherent and well-structured conceptual and theoretical framework with which to broaden and deepen our understanding, exploration, and practice of evolutionary thinking in economic geography.
Abstract: Key themes for evolution in economic geography are identified that clarify and further refine and reinforce our argument for broader conceptions of institutions, social agency, and power and for the situation of the plural and emerging field of evolutionary approaches more fully within geographical political economy. We address the following issues: conceptual and terminological clarity; evolution and institutions within and beyond the firm; agency, bounded determinacy, and power; and research method and design. Our central contention is that geographical political economy provides a coherent and well-structured conceptual and theoretical framework with which to broaden and deepen our understanding, exploration, and practice of evolutionary thinking in economic geography.
01 Sep 2009
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on some very specific problems of achieving and sustaining productivity growth in late developers as one of the conditions for a successful industrial policy and argue that for late developers, rapid catching up with more advanced countries is the key.
Abstract: Industrial policy – in the definition we adopt here - consists of sector- and industryspecific policies that aim to direct industrialization in line with some definition of the national interest. Whatever the broader national goals of development are, achieving them is more likely if industrialization achieves rapid productivity growth by absorbing and learning to use the best possible technologies. Indeed, sustaining productivity growth in line with international competitors is a fundamental condition for the sustainability of any industrialization strategy. In this chapter, we focus on some very specific problems of achieving and sustaining productivity growth in late developers as one of the conditions for a successful industrial policy. We draw a fundamental distinction between sustaining productivity growth in sectors that are already market competitive, where the role of industrial policy is limited to regulating the market to ensure sustained compulsions for productivity growth, or maintaining what the World Bank refers to as the ‘investment climate,’ and achieving rapid productivity growth in sectors or firms that are catching up to become market competitive in the future, for which policies target specific firms or sectors. We argue that for late developers, rapid catching up with more advanced countries is the key. Merely sustaining market competition in the former role of industrial policy creates poor second-best conditions for ensuring rapid productivity growth, as the latter’s policies, which accelerate the absorption and learning of advanced technologies, can deliver much more rapid development possibilities. To engage in this debate, we will refer to the non-targeted, investment climate type of industrial policy as ‘weak’ or ‘horizontal’ industrial policy and the type of industrial policy that aims to accelerate technology acquisition and productivity growth in particular areas as ‘strong’ or ‘targeted’ industrial policy. The case for horizontal or weak industrial policy is that if the state can create general conditions for investments to be secure and profits to be high, this will attract the most profitable technologies to the developing country. However, with current technological capacities, only low technology and low value-added activities are profitable. Building up technological capacity can yield very high returns in the future but because the ‘risk’ of failure is uninsurable, private investors are unlikely to play a big role in making investments in learning at early stages of development. Rapid catching up therefore requires strong industrial policy, described as some strategy of targeted technology acquisition that allows the follower country to catch up rapidly with leader countries. While technical progress is possible along the trajectory set by a
TL;DR: The relationship between REDs and what classical theories designate as a democracy or what normative theories advocate for a democracy is fortuitous since REDs are historical compromises that mix different principles of liberalism, representation, centralization, technocracy, monarchism and populism with those of democracy as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: 1 A ‘real-existing democracy’ has only three characteristics: (1) it is a regime that calls itself ‘democratic’; (2) it is accepted by other self-proclaimed REDs as one of them; and (3) most political scientists would agree that it meets or exceeds their minimal procedural standards for democracy. It is roughly equivalent to what Robert Dahl once tried to label as a ‘polyarchy’. Of course, the relationship between this regime and what classical theories designate as a democracy or what normative theories advocate for a democracy is fortuitous since REDs are historical compromises that mix different principles of liberalism, representation, centralization, technocracy, monarchism and populism with those of democracy. Government and Opposition, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 476–490, 2009 doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2009.01300.x
TL;DR: This paper found that, like Benjamin Cohen's depiction of the American school, IPE in the United States is increasingly positivist, quantitative, and liberal in orientation, and employed data from a journal article database that tracked trends in publication patterns.
Abstract: This paper uses the results of the Teaching, Research, and International Policy (TRIP) project: a multi-year study of the international relations (IR) field in order to discern the major characteristics of international political economy scholarship in the United States today. It finds that, like Benjamin Cohen's depiction of the American school, IPE in the United States is increasingly positivist, quantitative, and liberal in orientation. It employs data from a journal article database that tracks trends in publication patterns. It also analyzes data from two surveys of IR scholars in the United States and Canada that were conducted in the fall of 2006.
TL;DR: The culture-economy articulation has occurred largely within the confines of economic geography as mentioned in this paper, and much attention has been diverted into caricaturized discussions over caricatures of the culture economy.
Abstract: Discussions about the culture-economy articulation have occurred largely within the confines of economic geography. In addition, much attention has been diverted into caricaturized discussions over...
TL;DR: There is a striking consistency in the international economic behavior of the United States across the bipolar and unipolar eras as mentioned in this paper, and it has been simultaneously a system maker and privilege taker, and its ability to play that dual role has required the willing collaboration of foreign partners.
Abstract: There is striking consistency in the international economic behavior of the United States across the bipolar and unipolar eras. The United States has been simultaneously a system maker and privilege taker, and its ability to play that dual role has required the willing collaboration of foreign partners. U.S. influence over those partners, however, has changed in important ways. During the cold war the United States dominated international economic adjustment struggles. Its ability to prevail in those struggles after the cold war has been significantly compromised. The United States, notwithstanding its preponderant power, no longer enjoys the same type of security leverage it once possessed, and the very success of the U.S.-centered world economy has opened a greater range of international and domestic economic options for America's supporters. In the unipolar era the United States may continue to act its own way, but it can no longer count on getting its own way.
TL;DR: In this article, a case-study analysis of the politics associated with successful social protection interventions in eight countries suggests that the political modes preferred within advanced liberalism have been much less important in securing poverty reduction than more deeply political institutions and processes, particularly efforts from within political society to re-embed capitalism and extend social contracts to previously marginal groups.
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: The International Political Economy of Global Health Governance as discussed by the authors is a good starting point for a discussion of health governance in the context of global finance and economic systems, as well as its relationship with health.
Abstract: Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction: The International Political Economy of Global Health Governance A.Kay & O.Williams PART I: THE POLITICS OF GLOBAL HEALTH GOVERNANCE Understandings of Global Health Governance: The Contested Landscape K.Lee National Security and Global Health Governance C.McInnes Global Governance Capacities in Health: WHO and Infectious Diseases S.Rushton The International Political Economy of Global Responses to HIV/AIDS A.Ingram Chronic Diseases and Global Health Governance: The Contrasting Cases of Food and Tobacco S.Barraclough PART II: THE ECONOMY OF GLOBAL HEALTH GOVERNANCE Unpacking Economism and Remapping the Terrain of Global Health M.Sparke The Power of Money: Global Financial Markets, National Politics, and Social Determinants of Health T.Schrecker Trade and Health R.Labonte, C.Blouin & L.Forman IMF Policies and Health in Sub-Saharan Africa R.P.Buckley & J.Baker The World Bank and Health S.Harman The Competition State and the Private Control of Health Care H.Lofgren Index
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present theoretical flaws underpinning the "Orthodox Failed States Narrative" as an objective, apolitical analysis of a "new" problem: state collapse, which is particularly associated with terrorism, trans-border criminality and global instability.
Abstract: Over recent decades, several states have experienced mounting difficulties in fulfilling classic state functions such as guaranteeing territorial integrity and law and order. Some “failing states” have even seen the disappearance of all central authority: “state collapse”. Since 11 September 2001, this phenomenon has been particularly associated with terrorism, trans-border criminality and global instability. The international community presents this “Orthodox Failed States Narrative” as an objective, apolitical analysis of a “new” problem. The hegemonic account cherishes ideological assumptions that are seldom made explicit and veil power asymmetries in the international political economy. The securitisation of the Global South provides the pretext for confrontation and top-down restructuring of domestic politics by Coalitions of the Willing in the context of the Global War on Terror (GWOT). Through analysis of America's Somalia policy, this article illustrates theoretical flaws underpinning the...