Showing papers on "Liquid paraffin published in 1983"

Enhanced comedo formation in rabbit ear skin by squalene and oleic acid peroxides

Abstract: SUMMARY The comedogenicity of UVA-irradiated and non-irradiated substances (squalene, oleic acid, tetradecane, isopropyl myristate, squalane and liquid paraffin) was evaluated by surface microscopy and histological examination after treating the ventral skin of rabbit ears with these substances. The lipid peroxide levels of these substances were also measured. Squalene itself was scarcely comedogenic but squalene peroxides were highly comedogenic. Both oleic acid and its peroxides were able to induce fairly large comedones and there was a good correlation between the lipid peroxide levels and the size of the comedones. The specimens biopsied from these comedones showed marked hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the epithelium in the follicular infundibulum and marked proliferation of the sebaceous glands. Although free fatty acids might play a role in the pathogenesis of acne, it is proposed that squalene and free fatty acids in sebum may be less comedogenic than their peroxides.

Combination catalytic reforming-isomerization process for upgrading naphtha

Abstract: A reforming-isomerization process for realizing optimum upgrading of a naphtha feedstock is disclosed. The feedstock is reformed over a bimetallic catalyst and the reformate is separated into one or more gas fractions, a C 5 -C 6 paraffin liquid fraction and a reformate liquid product. The C 5 -C 6 fraction is isomerized to upgrade the C 5 -C 6 components and the isomerizate is separate into a light gas product and a C 5 -C 6 isomerizate liquid product with optional separation and recycle of normal paraffins. The light gas products are compressed and recycled for use in the reformation and isomerization. The C 5 -C 6 isomerizate is blended with the reformate liquid product to produce high octane motor fuel.

Influence of vehicles on penetration through human epidermis of benzyl alcohol, isoeugenol and methyl isoeugenol

Abstract: The influence of 5 liquid, 6 cosmetic and 2 ointment vehicles on the penetration of benzyl alcohol, isoeugenol and methyl isoeugenol through human epidermis was studied. Benzyl alcohol penetrated most rapidly from almost all vehicles. Among liquid vehicles, liquid paraffin provided the best penetration for the 3 compounds. As the ratio of water to ethanol increased in ethanol/water solutions, the penetration of each compound increased. Among cosmetic and ointment vehicles, lotion and milky lotion afforded maximum penetration of each compound with the exception of milky lotion in the case of benzyl alcohol. Macrogol ointment provided the poorest penetration results for the 3 compounds tested.

Preparation and evaluation of gelatin microcapsules of sulfonamides.

Abstract: A simple microencapsulation of three sulfonamides (sulfanilamide, sulfisomidine and sulfamethizole) was investigated. The preparation is based on dispersion of a gelatinsulfonamide mixture in liquid paraffin, followed by drying and hardening with formalinisopropanol treatment. The microcapsules were recovered as a discrete, free-flowing powder with a particle diameter of 250-840μm. Dissolution of sulfamethizole from microcapsules approximated a zero-order release pattern from 0 to 10-30% dissolution. These microcapsules may be useful for studies related to sustained-release formulation.

Effect of Homogenization Conditions on the Physicochemical Properties of Emulsion Bases

Abstract: The effects of the first pressure and/or number of passes through the homogenizer, and preagitation by an agitator, on the physical properties of emulsion bases were investigated The first pressure of the homogenizer was varied in the range of 130 to 490kg/cm2, and the second pressure was kept constant at 60kg/cm2 Emulsifiers used were commercial grade Tween 80 and Span 20 Oil and water phases were liquid paraffin and distilled water, respectively Emulsion stability was evaluated in terms of the following three physicochemical parameters : (1) particle diameter, (2) separation rate of water phase, (3) rheological properties of emulsion products The following results were obtained (1) With increases in agitation time and in intensity of agitation, the particle diameter of the emulsion became smaller (2) The viscosity of emulsion prepared in the homogenizer increased remarkably with increase in the number of passes through the homogenizer (3) The particle diameter of the emulsion was greatly decreased by the homogenizer only at the first pass (4) Pre-agitation with an agitator is very useful for the preparation of emulsion products by means of a homogenizer

A biochemical study of the phagocytic activities of tuftsin and its analogues.

Abstract: The effects of tuftsin and one of its analogues (4 [lys]-tuftsin) on phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were investigated in mice and rabbits. Mice were intravenously or orally administered 1-25 mg of 4 [lys]-tuftsin per kg daily for 4 to 7 days. After the mice were further treated with cyclophosphamide, they were intravenously challenged with C. albicans. More than 50% of the mice infected with C. albicans were killed within 7 days, although only 20% to 40% of those infected with the same microbes after 4 [lys]-tuftsin treatment died. A combination of 4 [lys]-tuftsin and an antibiotic was found to be somewhat more effective than either one alone. Further, pretreatment with 4 [lys]-tuftsin depressed microbial growth in the kidneys of mice bearing S-180 tumors. Rabbit peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were harvested by intraperitoneal injection of liquid paraffin and of glycogen solution, respectively. For in vitro study of phagocytosis, rabbit macrophages of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were incubated in Hanks solution together with S. aureus and the number of survivors was determined. Enhanced engulfing activity of macrophages and increased bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were shown by the in vitro phagocytosis experiments. It is expected that 4 [lys]-tuftsin will be effective against infectious disease, especially in immunocompromised hosts such as patients with malignant tumors.

Skin care emulsion

Abstract: 1. A skin-care emulsion for application to wet skin, characterized by a content of (A) a liquid oil component of which at least 20 % by weight consists of a liquid paraffin oil, a liquid silicone oil or a mixture thereof in a quantity of from 5 to 30 % by weight of the emulsion, (B) an alkali soap of a C12 -C18 fatty acid in a quantity of from 1 to 7 % by weight of the emulsion, (C) an alkyl sulfate and/or alkyl polyglycolether sulfate-alkali or magnesium salt containing from 10 to 16 C-atoms in the alkyl group and optionally up to 12 glycolether groups in a quantity of from 0.5 to 1.5 % by weight of the emulsion, (D) water and optionally other known auxiliaries for skin emulsions, such as polyols, water-soluble polymers, wax components, fatty alcohols, complexing agents, preservatives, perfumes and active skin-cosmetic agents.

The correlation between surface microscopy and dermal histology in tetradecane-induced comedones in rabbit ear skin.

Abstract: Three concentrations of tetradecane and liquid paraffin were applied daily for 4 weeks to the external ear skin of rabbits, and the average diameter of the follicular lesions was measured under the Leitz MZ surface microscope. These observations showed that the increase in the size of follicular lesions with tetradecane was dose-dependent and the maximum diameter was reached on the 14th day. Serial biopsies were also taken for routine histology, and undiluted tetradecane was shown to produce follicular hyperkeratosis, microcomedones, closed comedones and open comedones. A good correlation was obtained between the surface observations and the histological findings. The surface microscope provides a simple and convenient in vivo method for evaluating comedo formation.

Production of casting mold

Abstract: PURPOSE:To produce casting molds which have low coeffts of thermal expansion and high strength at cold and hot by using starch which is beforehand coated with lipophilic materials as a cushion material CONSTITUTION:A furan resin, a hardener and starch or the like coated with lipophilic materials on surfaces are mixed with molding sand and the mixture is molded Any lipophilic materials which have good compatibility with hydrophilic hardeners and furan resin and are liquid at ordinary temp are usable for the lipophilic materials to be coated on startch, and liquid paraffin, animal and vegetable oils, higher fatty acids such as oleic acid, and higher alochol such as oleyl alcohol are preferable Thus the sound molds which satisfy mold strength and have no defects are produced

Analysis of tomato carotenoids by thin-layer chromatography and a cis-form gamma-carotene newly identified in tangerine tomato

Abstract: The carotenoids of yellow, red and tangerine tomato fruits were separated and identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrophotometry.The various systems of adsorbents and solvents for TLC of tomato carotenes were examined, and it was revealed that the most suitable TLC system for separation and identification was the combination of MgO-HSC-Cel (10:9:1) layer and the solvent system of n-hexane: isopropanol: MeOH (100:2:0.2).In the yellow tomato, β-carotene and a small amount of lycopene were identified, and in the red tomato, phytoene, phytofluene, β-, ζ- and γ-carotene, neurosporene and trans-lycopene were identified.In the tangerine tomato, phytoene, phytofluene, β- and ζ-carotene, trans-neurosporene, two kinds of cis-neurosporene, trans-lycopene and four kinds of cis-lycopene were identified. In addition, a cis-form γ-carotene (probably pro-γ-carotene) was confirmed to be contained concurrently in the same spot as prolycopene, which suggests the presence of a pathway to the formation of pro-γ- carotene in the tangerine tomato.By dipping the layer in liquid paraffin, the absorbance of the separated carotenoid spots could be easily measured in the wavelengths of 370_??_375nm and 440_??_445nm with a chromato-scanner.

Scratch coating composition for bottle

Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a coating compsn. which is excellent in hiding effect and water resistance and can be completely peeled off during the washing of a bottle, by blending liquid paraffin, sorbitan fatty acid ester, higher alcohol fatty acid ester and glycerol fatty acid ester. CONSTITUTION: Liquid paraffin, sorbitan fatty acid ester, higher alcohol fatty acid ester and glycerol fatty acid ester are blended together. If necessary, an appropriate quantity of water is further added thereto. Any of the above three fatty acid esters has an emulsifying action. Liquid paraffin is effective in spreading over the surface of a bottle and increasing an action of penetrating into scratched regions. These fatty acid esters are used in such a proportion that they account for 25W5% of the total quantity of the compsn. The glycerol fatty acid esters include those derived form 10W21 C fatty acids, among which lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid are preferred. COPYRIGHT: (C)1984,JPO&Japio

Double-layered cosmetic

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a double-layered cosmetic containing an oily agent which is liquid at normal temperature and a nonionic surface active agent as essential components, composed of the upper emulsified layer and the lower aqueous layer, and having the mild feeling of the milky lotion and the refreshing feeling of beauty wash. CONSTITUTION:The objective double-layered cosmetic contains 1.0-30.0wt% oily agent which is liquid at normal temperature (e.g. liquid paraffin, olive oil, isopropyl myristate, etc.) and 0.1-10.0wt% nonionic surface active agent (e.g. sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil, etc.). The cosmetic becomes a uniformly emulsified layer by shaking, and is separated into a definite emulsified layer and aqueous layer after half a day to form a double-layered cosmetic stable with time. The stability of the double-layered cosmetic can be further improved by adding a water-soluble polymer or a buffering agent to the cosmetic.

Styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer resin composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a composition having excellent heat resistance, oil resistance, abrasion resistance, fatigue resistance, creep resistance and mold releasability, by compounding a styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer with a monohydroxyl compound and a specific ester or liquid paraffin. CONSTITUTION:The objective composition is obtained by compounding (A) 100pts.wt. of a styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer obtained by polymerizing 99- 50wt% of styrene monomer and 1-50wt% of methacrylic acid monomer with (B) 0.01-10pts.wt. of a monohydroxyl compound such as an alcohol, and (C) 0.1- 10pts.wt. of an ester of a saturated fatty acid and a dihydric alcohol or a liquid paraffin. The copolymer of the component A is the one having a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000-500,000 and a dispersion degree of 1.4-4.5. The component B is a compound of formula R-OH (R is alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, etc.), and the component C is the ester of a 15-32C saturated fatty acid and an alcohol of formula (CH2)1-10(OH)2.

Method for embedding at least one tissue sample in paraffin and apparatus for carrying out this method

Abstract: The method entails initially fixing or pretreating the tissue sample by treatment in a fixative, then removal of the water contained in the tissue sample in or by alcohol, then immersion of the tissue sample in liquid paraffin and subsequently embedding the tissue sample in a paraffin block, where all the steps in the method are carried out on the tissue sample which is accommodated in one and the same container with sieve-like base area in a single working vessel, where for the fixing or pretreating of the tissue sample a first isopropyl alcohol filling of the working vessel is used, where a second isopropyl alcohol filling of the working vessel is used to remove the water from the tissue sample, where the second filling is replaced by a third liquid paraffin filling, and where the third filling in the working vessel is replaced by a fourth water filling at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of paraffin in such a way that the liquid paraffin remains in the container and where subsequently the water forming the fourth filling is then cooled. The novelty comprises exposing the interior of the working vessel to ultrasound at least during one of the first to fourth fillings and/or during a fifth filling which replaces the fourth and is used to clean the container.

Some Factors Affecting the Direct Breakdown Voltage of Silicone Oil under Nonuniform Fields

Abstract: The effect of electrode polarity, material, and gap length on the direct breakdown voltage of degassed and oxygen-saturated silicone oil was determined using a point-sphere electrode configuration. The results are compared with those obtained for liquid paraffin under similar test conditions. The shape of the breakdown voltage versus gap length characteristics for both polarities of the point shows a marked dependence on the material of the sphere electrode, as well as on the presence or absence of oxygen. The results indicate a striking difference in the polarity dependence between oxygen-saturated silicone oil and oxygen-saturated liquid paraffin.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of the Stability of Sisomicin in Hydrophilic Petrolatum Ointment

Abstract: For the purpose of investigating of its suitability for topical application, the stability of sisomicin incorporated in hydrophilic petrolatum was investigated under various storage conditions by high-performance liquid chromatography. Sisomicin was extracted from the oleaginous vehicle, which was kept in a liquid state by adding liquid paraffin, using pH 6.5 phosphate buffer. An appropriate retention behavior of the antibiotic is obtained on a μBondapak-C18 column with a mobile phase of 2.0% (w/v) sodium sulfate-0.005 M sodium 1-pentanesulfate (detection at 214 nm). The degradation of sisomicin follows first-order kinetics with regard to the remaining antibiotic in aqueous solution : the apparent first-order rate constants are 2.63×10-3 d-1 at 5°C and 1.70×10-2 d-1 at 25°C. When incorporated in hydrophilic petrolatum, the antibiotic is 5 to 7 times more stable than in an aqueous medium. This is due to the reduction of its surface oxidation. Accordingly, the ointment is therapeutically effective for at least 3 months when preserved under shielding from light at 5°C.

Coating composition for road and floor

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a coating composition having air-permeability and excellent adhesivity to the substrate, weather resistance, water resistance, abrasion resistance and film strength, and suitable for the protection and decoration of road and floor, by compounding a film-forming agent, aggregate, pigment, etc. at specific ratios. CONSTITUTION:The objective composition is prepared by compounding (A) 100pts.wt. (solid basis) of a mixture of film-forming agents composed of (i) 100pts.wt. (solid basis) of a synthetic resin emulsion and (ii) about 10-50pts.wt. of colloidal silica with (B) 400-800pts.wt. of aggregate (e.g. silica sand), (C) about 0.05-5pts.wt. of an emulsion of a water-repellent (silicone) or liquid paraffin, and if necessary (D) a pigment, a filler, etc. EFFECT:Since the composition is flexible, it follows the dimensional change of asphalt, etc. with temperature change, and does not cause cracking, etc. in the coating film.

Strippable coating composition

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a coating compsn. which has excellent adhesion and resistance to weather, oils and water and can be easily stripped, by mixing two specified acrylic resin emulsions having different glass transition points. CONSTITUTION: A coating compsn. is mainly composed of a mixture of an acrylic resin emulsion having a glass transition point of 25W50°C and an acrylic resin emulsion having a glass transition point of -10W+15°C. Pref. said mixture has an apparent glass transition point of 15W25°C. A pref. example is a mixture of 35W45wt% emulsion having a glass transition point of 30W40°C and 55W 65wt% emulsion having a glass transition point of 0W10°C. Pref. a film-forming aid is further added to said mixture. The film-forming aid is a compd. capable of lowering a film-forming temp. and examples thereof are ethylene glycol, liquid paraffin and dioctyl phthalate. COPYRIGHT: (C)1984,JPO&Japio

Stripping of coating film

Abstract: PURPOSE:To strip the coating film applied to the cationic electrodeposition undercoating layer for rustproofing of automobile, etc. without damaging the undercoating layer, at low temperature, in a short time, by contacting an aprotic polar solvent to the coating film at a specific temperature range thereby permeating the solvent into the film. CONSTITUTION:A stripping agent composed of one or more aprotic polar solvents (e.g. dimethylformamide) and optionally a viscosity modifier (e.g. liquid paraffin) is made to contact with the coating film to be stripped at 0-5 deg.C, and maintained to the state for e.g. 10-30min to permeate the solvent into the film, and the film is stripped from the undercoating layer.

Pencil-type cosmetic

Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a pencil-type cosmetic having excellent usability and storable stably without causing blooming, by compounding a specific amount of a specific polyethylene wax to a base containing oil and/or wax, powder, and a surface active agent. CONSTITUTION: The objective pencil-type cosmetic is obtained by compounding (A) a base composed of (i) 0.5W50wt% of an oil such as liquid paraffin, squalane, olive oil, etc. and/or 0.5W20wt% of a wax such as lanoline, solid paraffin, carnauba wax, etc., (ii) 0.5W70wt% of powder such as talc, mica, organic or inorganic pigment, etc. and (iii) 0.1W5wt% of a surface active agent such as sorbitan fatty acid ester, with (B) 5W30wt%, preferably 10W20wt% of a polyethylene wax having an average molecular weight of 300W700, preferably 450W 550. The obtained cosmetic is applicable easily to the skin with soft touch and has low temprature dependency and high breaking strength. COPYRIGHT: (C)1984,JPO&Japio

Granule of agricultural chemical

Abstract: PURPOSE: Granule of agricultural chemical prepared with keeping thiocyclam stably, capable of keeping thiocyclam stably during preservation, obtained by the surface of granulated carrier with a premix of thiocyclam and an unvolatile mineral oil liquid at normal temperature CONSTITUTION: The surface granulated carrier (preferably calcium carbonate) containing another active ingredient compound such as O,O-diethyl S-(2-ethylthioethyl)phosphorodithioate or not is coated with a premix of thiocyclam, namely, N,N-dimethyl-1,2,3-trithian-5-ylamine-hydrogen oxalate and an unvolatile mineral oil such as liquid paraffin wax, spindle oil, being liquid at normal temperature, to give granule of agricultural chemical Preferably dried zeolite is further added to the surface of the covered granule COPYRIGHT: (C)1984,JPO&Japio

Production of calcined porous polytetrafluoroethylene sheet

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain efficiently and economically the titled sheet, by laminating sheets in a given number of uncalcined polytetrafluoroethylene sheets with thin silicone resin layers placed therebetween, drawing and calcining the resultant laminated sheet one after another, and peeling the sheets from one another. CONSTITUTION: A mixture containing polytetrafluoroethylene powder and an adequate amount of a liquid lubricant, e.g. liquid paraffin or toluene, is molded into sheets by rolling, and the above-mentioned sheets in a given number are laminated with thin silicone resin layers placed therebetween. The resultant laminated sheet is then drawn at the melting point of the polytetrafluoroethylene or below and then calcined in the retained drawn state. The sheets are then peeled from one another to give the aimed porous sheets. COPYRIGHT: (C)1984,JPO&Japio

Synthetic Niobium Sulfide as a Solid Lubricant

Abstract: Niobium sulfide, Nb1.158S2, was synthesized by niobium pentoxide reacting with hydrogen sulfide at 700°C. Its lubricating properties were compared with those of molybdenum disulfide using a pendulum type friction tester and the Falex machine when they were added to the lithium soap/liquid paraffin grease. Niobium sulfide gave a lower friction coefficient and better extreme pressure properties than MoS2.

Preparation of liquid having water-proofing and lubricating effect

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a liquid agent capable of impregnating into the gap of fibers to give water-repellency to the fiber, and having improved water-proofing, mildewcidal, corrosion-protecting and lubricating effects, by mixing and dissolving solid paraffin, liquid paraffin and naphthalene to carbon tetrachloride used as the solvent. CONSTITUTION:The objective liquid agent can be prepared by using carbon tetrachloride as a solvent, and dissolving 3-6pts.wt. of solid paraffin, 0.1- 3pts.wt. of liquid paraffin, 0.1-3pts.wt. of naphthalene, and if necessary, 0.1wt% of isoamyl acetate as a flavor to 20pts.wt. of carbon tetrachloride. USE:Lubrication of the sliding part of metal, glass, etc., prevention of decay and molding of wood, etc., water-proofing and mildew-proofing of tile joint, etc., and water-proofing of cloth, leather, etc.

Polyurethane type resin composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:The titled composition for elastomers, containing an isocyanate compound, a polyamine compound and a specific amount of pine tar, having improved curability and physical properties, desirable sanitarily, and useful for polyurethane waterproof materials. CONSTITUTION:A polyurethane type resin composition, prepared by mixing 2- 40wt%, based on the polyurethane resin composition, pine tar with a composition of an isocyanate compound, e.g. a dimer, etc. of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, or a composition containing the isocyanate compound and a solvent, e.g. toluene, plasticizer, e.g. dioctyl phthalate, or/and a polyamine compound, e.g. 2,4-toluylenediamine, or a composition containing the polyamine compound, a filler, e.g. talc, a plasticizer, e.g. liquid paraffin, etc.

Hair rinse agent composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:The titled composition, containing a quaternary ammonium salt, amphoteric surfactant or further aliphatic higher alcohol, etc., having improved slip in direct application to the hair, and capable of easily discriminating the degree of slip and applied range easily by the slimy feeling. CONSTITUTION:A composition containing 0.5-10wt% compound of formulaI(R1-R4 are alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or benzyl; X is halogen), e.g. hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, 0.1-10wt% compound of formula II (R5 is 9-13C alkyl, R6 and R7 are CH3 or C2H5; m is 2 or 3) or further 0.1-10wt% fat or oil selected from an aliphatic higher alcohol, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, lower alkyl ester of a higher fatty acid, lanolin fat or oil and liquid paraffin. The composition imparts the softness, antistatic properties, etc. to the hair and further the gloss to the hair by the addition of the fat or oil.