Showing papers on "Methane published in 1970"
TL;DR: The growth rate of rice coleoptiles is increased by low concentrations of ethylene, especially in oxygen concentrations lower than air; carbon dioxide enhanced this response.
Abstract: The growth rate of rice coleoptiles is increased by low concentrations of ethylene, especially in oxygen concentrations lower than air; carbon dioxide enhanced this response. C2H4 is produced by rice seedlings, and this production is also enhanced by carbon dioxide. Ethane and propane were produced in trace amounts but were inactive in growth stimulation as were also methane, propylene, and butane.
223 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the oxidation of methane behind reflected shock waves in the temperature range of 1350° to 1900°K, using a thirteen-step reaction mechanism, and calculated the time rate of change of concentrations and thermodynamic properties by numerically integrating the system of reaction kinetic and state equations.
201 citations
TL;DR: Methane is a gas occurring in nature as a product of anaerobic bacterial decemposition of organic matter under water as mentioned in this paper, and it arises not only from stagnaat and putrescent, pools but also from soils used in rice culture during summer (1,2.3).
Abstract: Methane is a gas occurring ap~ndantly in .nature as a product of anaerobic bacterial decemposition of organic matter under water. Methane arises not. only from stagnaat and putrescent, pools but also from soils used in rice culture during summer (1,2.3).
196 citations
TL;DR: Carbon monoxide, ethylene, and propylene were produced in illuminated, cell-free distilled water or natural seawater systems to which dissolved organic matter produced by phytoplankton had been added; Methane and the higher saturated gaseous hydrocarbons were not produced.
Abstract: Carbon monoxide, ethylene, and propylene were produced in illuminated, cell-free distilled water or natural seawater systems to which dissolved organic matter produced by phytoplankton had been added. Methane and the higher saturated gaseous hydrocarbons were not produced. In the dark, little or no carbon monoxide and no hydrocarbons were produced in the distilled water systems; only carbon monoxide was produced in natural seawater, but less was produced than in the light.
139 citations
TL;DR: Methane and ethane hydrate number measurement, alleviating liquid water occlusion and evaluating pressure effect was performed in this paper, where the number was derived from the number of molecules in the mixture.
Abstract: Methane and ethane hydrate number measurement, alleviating liquid water occlusion and evaluating pressure effect
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two techniques have been used to study the diffusion of methane in American coal of rank varying from low volatile matter anthracite to high volatile content bituminous.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of certain gaseous additives on the oxidation of methane over palladium catalysts have been studied and it has been shown that, whereas higher alkanes and partial oxidation products of methane simply retard overall oxidation of the hydrocarbon, certain organic halogen compounds not only reduce the rate of oxidation of Methane but also result in the production of isolatable quantities of formaldehyde in high selectivity.
93 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that the oxygen in methanol was derived exclusively from gaseous oxygen in both micro-organisms, and control experiments confirmed that there was negligible incorporation of the oxygen atom from water into meethanol.
Abstract: 1. Experimental conditions have been found in which small amounts of methanol (approximately 2.5mm) accumulated when washed cell suspensions of methane-grown Pseudomonas methanica and Methanomonas methanooxidans were incubated with methane+oxygen mixtures in Warburg flasks. 2. The methanol formed could be separated completely from water by fractional distillation through glass helices followed by gas chromatography using 20% polyethylene glycol 400 on a Celite 545 support. 3. By using (18)O-enriched oxygen gas the abundance of (18)O in the methanol formed from oxidation of methane was measured with a Perkin-Elmer 270 combined gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The results showed that the oxygen in methanol was derived exclusively from gaseous oxygen in both micro-organisms. 4. Control experiments using [(18)O]water in incubation mixtures confirmed that there was negligible incorporation of the oxygen atom from water into methanol.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental and analytical investigation of the oxidation of methane and ethane behind shock waves has been carried out, where the experimental data were expressed in terms of reaction times which were correlated with initial fuel and oxygen concentrations and temperature.
Abstract: An experimental and analytical investigation of the oxidation of methane and ethane behind shock waves has been carried out. Mixtures of methane/oxygen and ethane/oxygen dilute in argon were shock-heated by both incident and reflected waves. The progress of the reaction was followed by monitoring infrared emission from CO2, CO and H2O and the density gradient. The experimental data were expressed in terms of reaction times which were correlated with initial fuel and oxygen concentrations and temperature. To determine oxidation mechanisms for methane and ethane, measured reaction times were compared with calculated reaction times obtained from an analytical study of the two reactions. In the analytical study the time rates of change of species concentration and thermodynamic properties during reaction were calculated by numerically integrating the coupled reaction kinetic, state and gas dynamic equations. A 14-step mechanism for the high-temperature oxidation of methane was suggested which gave go...
79 citations
71 citations
TL;DR: Molecular hydrogen, methane, water vapor and tritium concentrations near stratopause from air samples collected on Aerobee flight with liquid hydrogen cooled cryocondenser as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Molecular hydrogen, methane, water vapor and tritium concentrations near stratopause from air samples collected on Aerobee flight with liquid hydrogen cooled cryocondenser
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported observations of laser-induced nonlinear light scattering, both elastic and inelastic (hyper-Raman), from methane, ethane and ethylene.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical study has been made of the kinetics of formation of NO in hydrocarbon-air combustion, and two UNIVAC 1108 computer programs were utilized to obtain time-dependent concentrations of chemical species in a subsonic stream.
Abstract: An analytical study has been made of the kinetics of formation of NO in hydrocarbon-air combustion. Two UNIVAC 1108 computer programs were utilized to obtain time-dependent concentrations of chemical species in a subsonic stream. Inlet conditions specified were the temperature, pressure, and composition. Inlet tempera-lures were varied from 1000 K to 2000 K at pressures of 1 to 10 atm for equivalence ratios of 0.8 to 1.25. The inlet composition was taken lo be a mixture of non-reacted gases. It was found that equilibrium in the nitrogen oxides is very slowly attained with respect to the carbon and hydrogen oxides. The implication of this result is that observations of NO concentrations well below equilibrium values in certain types of engine exhausts may be correlated with the kinetics of formation, and that combustion temperatures and residence times, rather than exhaust temperatures, determine the level of NO in exhaust gases.
TL;DR: The infrared spectra of CH4 at low concentrations in the noble gases were obtained at temperatures ranging from 4°K up to the respective boiling points of argon, krypton, or xenon as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The infrared spectra of CH4, at low concentrations in the noble gases, were obtained at temperatures ranging from 4°K up to the respective boiling points of argon, krypton, or xenon. It is conclude...
TL;DR: The viscosity of argon and methane has been determined at pressures up to 100 atm over a temperature range from 100 K to 148 K for liquid argon, and from 96 K to 187 K for methane.
Patent•
27 Feb 1970
TL;DR: In this article, a process for the recovery of hydrogen from an ammonia synthesis purge gas comprising ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen and methane is described, where ammonia is first separated from the purge gas and the gas substantially free of ammonia is subsequently cooled to very low temperatures, e.g., -300 DEG F.
Abstract: A process for the recovery of hydrogen from an ammonia synthesis purge gas comprising ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen and methane wherein ammonia is first separated from the purge gas and the gas substantially free of ammonia is subsequently cooled to very low temperatures, e.g., -300 DEG F., thereby obtaining a liquid phase and a hydrogen-rich gaseous phase.
01 Jun 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the reduction of aluminum oxide to aluminum in radio frequency generated plasmas was studied experimentally and the effects of particle size, flow rates, and power input were determined.
Abstract: The reduction of aluminum oxide to aluminum in radio frequency generated plasmas was studied experimentally. Argon with hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane were used as plasma gases. Product was collected from the reactor walls and/or cold-finger collectors. Gaseous quenching was also investigated, using hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide. Conversions up to 50 pct were determined using wet chemistry. Optical and X-ray methods confirmed the species present during and after reaction. The effects of particle size, flow rates, and power input were determined. Solutions of energy, momentum, and mass balances yield a qualitative explanation of the process. Vaporization rate controls.
TL;DR: It is shown that methane and ethane arise from both sources of acid hydrolysis and formation of gaseous hydrocarbons, respectively, in Apollo 11 lunar samples.
Abstract: Methane and ethane released from Apollo 11 lunar samples by crushing or acid treatment, suggesting carbides hydrolysis as main source
Patent•
06 Apr 1970
TL;DR: A MEMBRANE DIFFUSION PROCESS for SELECTIVELY PERMEATING NITROGEN from a METHANE-NIT-GEN CONTAINING MIXTURE TO OBTAIN ENRICHED SEPARATED FRACTIONS is described in this article.
Abstract: A MEMBRANE DIFFUSION PROCESS FOR SELECTIVELY PERMEATING NITROGEN FROM A METHANE-NITROGEN CONTAINING MIXTURE TO OBTAIN ENRICHED SEPARATED FRACTIONS.
TL;DR: The type B carbon molecular sieve has been used successfully in gas, column, and thin layer chromatography as discussed by the authors, and it has a maximum useful temperature of 1400°C.
Abstract: Porous carbon black may be produced by thermal degradation of polymer like polyvinylidene chlorid under conditions, given in the literature. If the degradation reaction is optimized and followed by some additional treatment a carbon black is produced that has the properties of a molecular sieve with an inert surface which is extremely non polar as shown by the negativeRohrschneider constants. This carbon molecular sieve has been used successfully in gas, column, and thin layer chromatography. Retention properties are given for type B carbon molecular sieve which include high retention for CH2 group, so that water is eluted before methane. Type B is particularly useful for inorganic gas analysis and analysis of traces of some polar compounds with less than 6 C-atoms per molecule. It has a maximum useful temperature of 1400°C. Temperature programmed analysis and automatic ultra trace analysis with the reversion gas chromatography technique is useful due to the non measurable low vapour pressure of the type B carbon molecular sieve.
Patent•
28 Dec 1970TL;DR: In this article, the CO2-H2S-ORGANIC LIQUID solution is used to solve the problem of mixing natural gas mixes with OXYGEN and CO2 and H2S.
Abstract: NATURAL GAS MIXTURES CONTAINING PREDOMINANTLY METHANE BUT ALSO APPRECIABLE AMOUNTS OF HEAVIER HYDROCARBONS SO AS TO BE "WET" ARE CONTACTED WITH ORGANIC LIQUIDS HAVING COMBINED OXYGEN AND IN WHICH CO2 AND H2S PRESENT ARE DISSOLVED IN THE CO2-H2S-ORGANIC LIQUID SOLUTION. DRY METHANE RICH GAS IS OBTAINED, ABSORBED LIQUID HYDROCARBONS ARE RECOVERED FROM THE ORGANIC LIQUID FOR THEIR GASOLINE VALUE, CO2 AND H2S ARE RECOVERED AS GASEOUS PRODUCTS. CO2 IS OFTEN VENTED TO ATMOSPHERE AND THE ORGANIC LIQUID IS RECIRCULATED.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured relative length changes in solid methane at its approximate vapor pressure between 4 and 26 K. The linear expansion coefficient calculated from these data was found to have a maximum at 19.8 K, 0.6 K lower than the peak found in specific heat measurements.
Abstract: Relative length changes in solid methane at its approximate vapor pressure have been measured between 4 and 26 K. The linear-expansion coefficient calculated from these data is found to have a maximum at 19.8 K, 0.6 K lower than the peak found in specific-heat measurements. A negative expansion coefficient has been observed below 8 K. The possibility of nuclear spin-species conversion is discussed in terms of the long equilibration times and the observed length changes below 8 K.