Showing papers on "Morning published in 1978"
TL;DR: Blood-pressure was highest mid-morning and then fell progressively throughout the remainder of the day and began to rise again during the early hours of the morning before waking.
1,294 citations
TL;DR: The concentrations of LH, progesterone, ACTH, corticosterone and thyroxine in the plasma were estimated at various times during the oestrous cycle of the rat to confirm the well-established patterns of LH and progester one secretion.
Abstract: The concentrations of LH, progesterone, ACTH, corticosterone and thyroxine in the plasma were estimated at various times during the oestrous cycle of the rat. The well-established patterns of LH and progesterone secretion were confirmed. On each day of the cycle the plasma concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone were lowest in the morning and rose in the afternoon. Conversely, during oestrus and dioestrus, the plasma concentrations of thyroxine were higher in the morning than in the evening. However, during the afternoon of pro-oestrus the concentrations of ACTH, corticosterone and thyroxine in the plasma rose and, like the concentrations of LH and progesterone, all reached levels far higher than those attained at any other time of the cycle.
118 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that endorphins at least partially mediate diurnal variations in pain appreciation and are found to be significantly less pain sensitive than those tested in the afternoon on psychophysical judgments.
115 citations
TL;DR: Patients who switched into mania at night were rated as significantly more manic during the 4 days following the switch than patients who switched in the morning or evening and slept significantly less after the switch.
Abstract: Research data collected on 75 Bipolar I patients, hospitalized at the NIMH between 1963 and 1975, were reviewed to identify "switches" into and out of mania. There were 27 "slow" switches (i.e. occurring over a period of 2--6 days) in 14 patients and 89 "rapid" switches (i.e. occurring in 24 hours or less) in 35 patients. No patient showed both "rapid" and "slow" switches during his hospitalization. Among the 89 rapid switches, 52 switches were into mania and 37 were out of mania. Rapid switches into and out of mania occurred significantly more often in the morning (7 a.m. to 3 p.m.) than at night (11 p.m. to 7 a.m.) or in the evening (3 p.m. to 11 p.m.). Estimated average sleep time on the night prior to switch into mania showed a significant drop as compared to sleep time on the second, third and fourth nights prior to switch. Patients who switched into mania at night were rated as significantly more manic during the 4 days following the switch than patients who switched in the morning or evening. Patients who switched into mania at night and evening were rated as sleeping significantly less during the 4 days following the switch than patients who switched in the morning.
106 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the summer sulfur budget of the coal-fired Labadie power plant near St. Louis, Missouri is assessed via aircraft data, ground monitoring network data and a two-box model.
101 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that real-time ultrasonic scanning permits identification of fetal breathing movements and that between 09:00 and 17:00 hours the character of these movements is related to the time of the day and to the ingestion of food by the mother.
95 citations
TL;DR: Morning cough was less prevalent than cough at other times during the day or at night, but the relationship between the child's smoking and morning cough was much closer than its relationship to cough atother times.
Abstract: It has been suggested that the apparent relationship between children's cigarette smoking and their respiratory symptoms could be explained by the effect of parents' smoking upon both child's smoking and symptoms. This was investigated in a study of 6000 Derbyshire schoolchildren. Children who smoked regularly were more likely than nonsmokers to report cough first thing in the morning, cough at other times during the day or at night, and breathlessness. Children whose parents smoked were also more likely to report these symptoms than were the children of nonsmokers. Both the child's and parents' smoking were independently related to the child's respiratory symptoms. Morning cough was less prevalent than cough at other times during the day or at night, but the relationship between the child's smoking and morning cough was much closer than its relationship to cough at other times. The relationship between parents' smoking and the child's symptoms was similar for each symptom.
88 citations
TL;DR: The differential adaptation of ‘morning’ and ‘evening’ types to changes in sleep schedules was investigated in two studies, finding evidence of sleep deficiency after late bed limes was found in the morning but not in the evening types; the latter had longer sleep latencies after early bed times than the morning types.
Abstract: The differential adaptation of ‘morning’ and ‘evening’ types to changes in sleep schedules was investigated in two studies. The first was carried out on six female subjects, classified as morning or evening types on the basis of their rhythms of body temperature, and on their answers to a morningness-eveningness questionnaire. Bed times on single nights were varied between 2100h and 0300 h. On each night measurements were taken of latency of sleep onset and of sleep duration. Body temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were also recorded, as was self-estimated vigilance during the day following the experimental sleep. Evidence of sleep deficiency after late bed limes was found in the morning but not in the evening types; the latter, however, had longer sleep latencies after early bed times than the morning types. In the second study eight male subjects underwent the same basic experimental treatment, but in this case sleep was monitored for three consecutive nights with a given bed time, in order to...
82 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that roughly 80% of the amplitude of the V‐pattern in the field is due to endogenous circadian control, and only 20% to direct control by temperature.
Abstract: . The typical V-shaped pattern of biting activity that Glossina morsitans show in nature has been assumed to be due to environmental control (especially by temperature), but is now known also to be under control from an endogenous circadian clock. The relative importance of these two components was investigated (a) under constant conditions in actographs, and (b) by a re-analysis of published field data. The actograph study reveals: (1) the length of flight bursts is the same at all phases of the rhythm; (2) the shape of the circadian V-pattern changes with its amplitude, so that the less active a fly is, the more of its activity it performs in the morning; (3) both arms of the V respond to dawn as their principal zeitgeber; (4) high (35°C) and low (19°C) constant temperature reduce spontaneous activity level by c. 80%, and depress the evening arm of the V disproportionately. The analysis of the field data reveals: (1) the V occurs in nature independently of temperature; (2) biting activity is correlated positively with temperature in the morning and evening, but negatively through the middle of the day; (3) light directly influences the daily rhythm mainly by its effects at low intensity (the ‘photonegative reaction’ being a response to high temperature); (4) humidity has little influence on activity level. It is concluded that roughly 80% of the amplitude of the V-pattern in the field is due to endogenous circadian control, and only 20% to direct control by temperature.
70 citations
TL;DR: The greatest changes in the circadian rhythm of body temperature occurred on the second night shift day, and during the first week of continuous night shift working, as well as after two or more successive night shifts.
Abstract: In a series of experimental shift work studies six subjects worked on continuous night shift for three weeks, four subjects worked on a 1-1-1 shift system (1st day morning shift, 2nd day afternoon shift, 3rd day night shift, 4th day off), and two subjects worked on an 2-2-2 shift system (the ‘metropolitan rota’). Rectal temperature was continuously recorded in each experiment. The greatest changes in the circadian rhythm of body temperature occurred on the second night shift day, and during the first week of continuous night shift working. The changes involved both shifts in the phasing of the rhythm, and alterations in its form. The re-entrainment of the rhythm to its normal phasing took two or more days after two or more successive night shifts, but only one day after a single night shift. Considerable individual differences in the rhythm adjustment to night work were observed. In a field validation of these findings, 34 shiftworkers in municipal gas and water supply undertakings measured their oral tem...
68 citations
TL;DR: Larks reported fewer physical problems and less mental activity across the night as well as more adequate sleep than owls, who differed little from the normal college population even after having their awakening time shifted.
TL;DR: It is suggested that ovarian steroids have a modulatory action on the activity of hypothalamic serotonin-containing neurons and the total decline of 5-HIAA levels after pargyline was significantly reduced by EB administration only in the morning.
Abstract: The effect of ovarian steroids on the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in the anterior hypothalamus, as well as on the total decline of 5-HIAA levels after the administration of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline, was studied in ovariectomized (OVX) rats at different times of the day. The concentration of 5-HT and 5-HIAA and the total decline of 5-HIAA levels were higher in the morning than in the afternoon in OVX rats. Three days after the injection of 20 microgram estradiol benzoate (EB), the concentration of 5-HT and its metabolite were reduced in the morning but not in the afternoon, resulting in a disappearance of the daily changes. The total decline of 5-HIAA levels after pargyline was significantly reduced by EB administration only in the morning. The injection of 2 mg progesterone (P) into OVX EB-primed rats restored all parameters to the levels present in OVX rats. These findings suggest that ovarian steroids have a modulatory action on the activity of hypothalamic serotonin-containing neurons.
TL;DR: The dissociation of the pre-water elevation and post-water decline in corticosterone evident in evening water animals indicates that these 2 processes may be governed by different factors, and is suggested that thePre-water effect involves circadian regulatory mechanisms whereas the post- water effect is associated with the process of reinforcement.
Abstract: The effects of restricting daily water intake to either a 30-min morning or evening period were investigated on: (1) the overall circadian pattern of adrenocortical activity, and (2) adrenocortical activity during the 20-min period immediately after water presentation. Morning water restriction produced a substantial increase in pre-water levels of circulating corticosterone without affecting evening levels, thereby changing the form of the circadian pattern. In contrast, evening water restriction did not elicit any pre-water increase in corticosterone levels, and there was no change in the circadian pattern. Both morning and evening water restricted animals showed a pronounced and rapid decline in corticosterone levels during the 20-min post-water period, with levels dropping by more than 50% within 10 min of water presentation. The dissociation of the pre-water elevation and post-water decline in corticosterone evident in evening water animals indicates that these 2 processes may be governed by different factors. It is suggested that the pre-water effect involves circadian regulatory mechanisms whereas the post-water effect is associated with the process of reinforcement.
TL;DR: Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure show a well defined circadian variation in ambulatory hypertensive subjects and treatment with oxprenolol reduces daytime blood pressure but is less effective during the night and early morning.
Abstract: 1. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure show a well defined circadian variation in ambulatory hypertensive subjects. 2. Blood pressure is highest in the mid-morning (10.00 hours) and lowest during sleep at 03.00 hours. 3. Treatment with oxprenolol (taken during the day) reduces daytime blood pressure but is less effective during the night and early morning.
TL;DR: A rather high first‐pass metabolism of the drug was evident by high plasma concentrations of 10‐hydroxynortriptyline, and it is thus unlikely that the recent custom of giving single daily doses of tricyclic antidepressants in the evening excludes regimens with more favorable drug kinetics.
Abstract: Kinetics of a single 100-mg dose of nortriptyline were studied in 10 normal men who took this dose at 9 a.m. in the morning and on another occasion at 9 p.m. Only minimal differences in kinetic parameters were observed, none enough to be of any clinical consequence. A rather high first-pass metabolism of the drug was evident by high plasma concentrations of 10-hydroxynortriptyline. it is thus unlikely that the recent custom of giving single daily doses of tricyclic antidepressants in the evening excludes regimens with more favorable drug kinetics.
TL;DR: Xylene concentrations in exhaled air and blood sampled after the workday correlated poorly to the exposure of the preceding day, and the urinary elimination of methylhippuric acid after the finished work week showed two distinct phases of excretion.
Abstract: Occupational xylene exposure in the breathing zone of 15 painters was measured during three consecutive workdays. The applicability of the use of different biological samples was tested by the monitoring of xylene concentrations in blood and exhaled air, and urinary methylhippuric acid excretion as well. The best relation to the time-weighted average of xylene exposure was obtained for urinary methylhippuric acid concentration at the end of the workday; an amount of 665 mg/g of creatinine corresponded to 50 ppm of xylene. The amount of methylhippuric acid in a morning sample at the end of the work week, on the other hand, correlated to the mean exposure of the three preceding days. Xylene concentrations in exhaled air and blood sampled after the workday correlated poorly to the exposure of the preceding day. The urinary elimination of methylhippuric acid after the finished work week showed two distinct phases of excretion, with different biological half-times (1.9-5.3 h for the first 10 h after exposure and 16.5-48.4 h for the next two days).
TL;DR: The low frequency and clumped temporal distribution of sessions suggest that howling plays a secondary role in interpack contexts to other modes such as scent marking during the homesite season, but may increase in relative importance once homesites are abandoned and pack travel becomes nomadic.
Abstract: Howling sessions were monitored at two Minnesota wolf pack homesites for 2255 h between 29 April and 3 August 1973. All sessions recorded occurred from dusk through early morning, with an evening p...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Clobazam was rated on a self-scoring analogue rating scale as an effective sleep inducer, which also improved the perceived quality of sleep and reduction in the perceived integrity of early morning behaviour commensurate with the reported ease of getting to sleep.
Abstract: The effect of repeated doses of a 1,5-benzodiazepine derivative, clobazam, at doses of 20, 30, and 40 mg taken at night was assessed the morning following medication on a variety of subjective and objective measures of sleep and psychomotor performance. None of the three dose levels of the drug produced any significant changes in critical flicher fusion thresholds or in complex reaction time tasks. Conceptual learning ability was not impaired by any of the doses of clobazam administered. Clobazam was rated on a self-scoring analogue rating scale as an effective sleep inducer, which also improved the perceived quality of sleep. There was also a reduction in the perceived integrity of early morning behaviour commensurate with the reported ease of getting to sleep.
TL;DR: Random bred male animals underwent classical fear conditioning, an extinction trial, and a subsequent fear retention test either in the morning or in the afternoon, with greater fear reduction following a short duration of extinction than after a long duration.
Abstract: Summary Random bred male animals (N = 48 rats) underwent classical fear conditioning, an extinction trial, and a subsequent fear retention test either in the morning or in the afternoon. Half of the animals in both groups had been deprived of food for 18 hours prior to testing and were offered some food in the final fear retention test, whereas the others carried on feeding ad lib. The four groups were further split up into groups of three animals with a duration of the extinction trial of either 0, 15, 30, or 60 sec. Food deprivation had no significant effect on the fear retention data. But animals which had been tested in the afternoon showed greater fear reduction following a short duration of extinction than after a long duration. Animals tested in the morning, on the other hand, profited more from longer duration of extinction.
TL;DR: Experimental study of the influence of light-dark conditions and temperature on the process of laying and hatching, together with the field data, helped to describe an artifact when sampling is done at early morning.
Abstract: The seasonal and bathymetrical distribution of Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus) was investigated during 1969–1975 Development time of egg, naupliar and copepodite stages were found experimentally at three temperatures (15°, 22° and 27°C). The calculations of population dynamics generated some unexplained results. Experimental study of the influence of light-dark conditions and temperature on the process of laying and hatching, together with the field data, helped us to describe an artifact when sampling is done at early morning.
TL;DR: Results indicate that myacthenic Ig produces accclcrated degradation of ACh receptor in intact neuroinuscular ]unction\ i n v i v o a5 well a) in vitro.
Abstract: Session On Neuromuscular then piven dailv iniections ie from MG or control patient\\. ~t Diseases II Morning Meeting . intervals of 0 to 4 days the remaining radioactivity in the removed diaphragms was counted. The mice treated with myasthenic lg lob1 radioactivity twci t o four times faster than the controls. The mya\\thcnic Ig-treated diaphragms incubated i n culture lost radioactivity iif an elevated rate for at lealt the 24 hour culture period. Seventy to ninety percent o f radioactive material released w;is derived froni the degradation of the Iz3I-a-BuTx-ACh receptor coinplexes These results indicate that myacthenic Ig produces accclcrated degradation of ACh receptor\\ in intact neuroinuscular ]unction\\ i n v i v o a5 well a) in vitro Saturday, April 29, 1978 9:00 A.M. 12:OO Noon Santa Barbara Room
TL;DR: Consumption of the daily food all in one meal distorted the circadian rhythm, particularly when it was taken in the morning, and a morning meal increased the total 24 hour synthesis of protein in liver whereas an evening meal did not.
Abstract: The effect of eating one large meal rather than several small meals per day on protein metabolism and the growth of individual organs was investigated in young male rats. Meal-eating did not affect the rate of protein catabolism in liver, kidney, small intestine, or spleen in vivo compared with continously fed control animals that consumed the same total amount of food. A circadian rhythm of protein synthesis was found in liver and kidney slices taken from normal rats killed at various times; starvation reduced the magnitude of protein synthesis but did not alter its cyclical nature. Consumption of the daily food all in one meal distorted the circadian rhythm, particularly when it was taken in the morning, and a morning meal increased the total 24 hour synthesis of protein in liver whereas an evening meal did not. Meal-feeding in the morning increased the weights of the liver, small intestine and tibia compared with continuously fed rats, but meal-feeding in the evening did not.
TL;DR: Examination of the vlues for salivary kallikrein during the menstrual cycle showed that there was significantly greater activity during days 29--32 and 1--4 than during the rest of the cycle.
Abstract: 1. The values for kallikrein, amylase and protein were determined in samples of saliva obtained from 220 girls aged 14--18 years. 2. The concentrations of protein and amylase and kallikrein activities (per ml of saliva) were considerably more variable in samples taken in the morning than those in the afternnon. 3. The median amylase activity was about two and a half times greater in the morning than that in the afternoon. No such differences were seen in the median values for protein or kallikrein. 4. Examination of the vlues for salivary kallikrein during the menstrual cycle showed that there was significantly greater activity during days 29--32 and 1--4 than during the rest of the cycle. This pattern was most marked in the morning values of kallikrein but not apparent either in the morning or in the afternoon values of protein or amylase.
TL;DR: A retrospective study on early morning smears confirmed the value of this investigation for diagnosing urethritis in men and found 108 new infections were diagnosed.
Abstract: A retrospective study on early morning smears confirmed the value of this investigation for diagnosing urethritis in men. In 200 patients 108 new infections were diagnosed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Time of day or circadian factors may determine the frequency and intensity of the manic process in this patient, and night switches into mania were associated with a significantly higher peak mania rating.
TL;DR: The rectal temperature course was studied retrospectively in 192 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and patients with higher SGOT (ASAT) maxima had longer duration of fever.
TL;DR: It is suggested that a practical assessment of disease activity in acromegaly can be achieved through a simplified hydroxyproline assay.
Abstract: The urinary hydroxyproline excretion of 8 acromegalics kept on a collagen free diet has been studied. Urinary hydroxyproline showed a circadian rhythm with maximum excretion rates at night and early morning and minimum excretion rates in the late afternoon and evening. When mean values are compared, there is a significant correlation between fasting GH-levels and 24 h urinary hydroxyproline excretion (Rs = 0.74 and between GH and fasting hydroxyproline:creatinine ratios (Rs = 0.76). No significant correlation could be demonstrated between collagen content of bone biopsies and GH-levels or urinary hydroxyproline excretion. It is suggested that a practical assessment of disease activity in acromegaly can be achieved through a simplified hydroxyproline assay.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined longwave radiation measurements made in the water vapour window by the satellite NOAA-2 for the period 15 June to 30 September 1974, in two oceanic and two continental tropical areas.
Abstract: Longwave radiation measurements made in the water vapour window by the satellite NOAA-2 are examined for the period 15 June to 30 September 1974, in two oceanic and two continental tropical areas. Satellite overpasses are near 09 and 21 local time. It is found that convective cloud tops over land are much colder (and higher) in the evening than in the morning. The reverse is true over sea; further, the absolute frequency of very cold clouds is less there than over land. A specific cloud mass which could be followed for one week shows a morning-evening variation in cloud top temperature in agreement with statistical deductions.
TL;DR: In this article, high-resolution gamma ray spectroscopy has been used to obtain 214Bi/214Pb specific activity ratios from an extended series of high-volume air samples taken at a height of 20 m.
Abstract: High-resolution gamma ray spectroscopy has been used to obtain 214Bi/214Pb specific activity ratios from an extended series of high-volume air samples taken at a height of 20 m. Afternoon samples exhibited 214Bi/214Pb activity ratios that ranged from 0 to 2.5 with a mean value of 0.84 ± 0.04. Morning samples exhibited ratios that ranged from 0 to 1.6 with a mean value of 0.87 ± 0.03. Afternoon samples with ratios greater than 1.0 were associated with southwest winds and 214Pb specific activities less than 130 pCi/m3. Morning samples with ratios greater than 1.0 were associated in most cases with southwest winds and with 214Pb specific activities less than 220 pCi/m3. Afternoon 214Pb specific activity values ranged from 5 to 388 pCi/m3 with a mean of 91.7 ± 7.1 pCi/m3. Morning 214Pb specific activities ranged from 23 to 664 pCi/m3 with a mean of 224.2 ± 20.3 pCi/m3. An improved sampling system used for these measurements reduced the likelihood that observed abnormal activity ratios were artifacts of the sampling procedure.