Showing papers on "Nitrobenzene published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this article, the transfer of Cs + ion across the interface of two immiscible electrolyte solutions, LiCl in water and 0.05 M tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate in nitrobenzene, was investigated by cyclic voltammetry with four-electrode system.
196 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electron transfer reaction Fe(CN) 6 3− (w)+(C 5 H 5 ) 2 Fe(n)Fe(N) 6 4−(w) + (n) 2 Fe + n) between hexacyanoferrate redox couple in water and ferrocene in nitrobenzene was investigated by cyclic voltammetry with a four-electrode system.
86 citations
TL;DR: The adsorbed states of benzene, pyridine, aniline, and nitrobenzene on evaporated nickel and iron films have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
74 citations
TL;DR: The rhodium cluster complex, Rh6(CO)16, has been found to catalyze the homogeneous reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline at temperatures above 80 °C in the presence of N,N-dimenthylbenzylamine, using any one of the following reducing gases: (1) H 2/CO, (2) H2, (3) CO/H2O).
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the transfer of tetraalkyl (from tetraethyl to tetrapentyl) ammonium ions (R+) from water to nitrobenzene by means of chronopotentiometric measurements.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, different concentrations of non-specifically and specifically adsorbed supporting electrolytes were employed to change the potential φd at the outer Helmholtz plane and/or the charge density qi at the inner Helm-holtz planes.
39 citations
Patent•
13 Aug 1979TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-component supported catalyst for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline is described, which can contain 1 to 20 grams of noble metal per liter of support.
Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline is described wherein the nitrobenzene is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a multi-component supported catalyst containing 1 to 20 grams of noble metal per liter of support and 1 to 20 grams per liter of support of one or more transition metal of the Groups IVa, Va, or VIa of the Periodic Table. The catalyst can contain 1 to 20 grams per liter of support of a further transition group element or of a member of the main group. The catalyst is one which has been prepared by a process involving pretreatment of the support with a base prior to impregnation with the catalytically active substances, followed by drying to a residual moisture content of less than 10 percent of the maximum absorbency of the support.
37 citations
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the hydration of alkali metal cations and H 3 O + in nitrobenzene, nitromethane and 2,2′ dichlorodiethylether has been studied at various temperatures and aqueous phase compositions using polyhedral hydroborate-[(1,2-B 9 C 2 H 11 ) 2 Co] − -anions as counterions for the extraction.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the gas and solution phase uv spectra of some nitrobenzene derivatives with substituents of different electron-donating power were analyzed in terms of locally excited states and intramolecular charge transfer configurations in the MIM and PPP approximations.
18 citations
TL;DR: The results obtained on the extraction of Np(IV) into mixtures of HTTA and TBP by solvent extraction and spectrophotometric methods are reported in this paper.
Abstract: The results obtained on the extraction of Np(IV) into mixtures of HTTA and TBP by solvent extraction and spectrophotometric methods are reported here The predominant extractable species, when perchloric acid was employed for extraction, was found to be Np(TTA)4·TBP when benzene was used as the solvent and probably Np(TTA)3·3TBP+ClCO4 when nitrobenzene was used as the solvent On the other hand, when nitric acid was employed for the extraction into a benzene solution of the mixture, a number of extractable species, Np(NO3)4-x (TTA) x ·yTBP (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, and y = 0, 1, and 2), appear to be involved Values of some equilibrium constants are reported
TL;DR: In this paper, both susceptibility to chemical oxidation and biodegradability of nitrobenzene were determined and both were shown to be resistant to chemical oxidization with potassium permanganate and partially oxidized with potassium dichromate.
Abstract: Both susceptibility to chemical oxidation and biodegradability of nitrobenzene are determined. Nitrobenzene is found to be resistant to chemical oxidation with potassium permanganate and is partially oxidized with potassium dichromate. Biodegradability is studied in a batch and in a flow-through system both with municipal and with artificially prepared wastewaters. Nitrobenzene present in municipal wastewater at 300 g/m3 concentrations is found to be biodegradable after adaptation of the biomass. In a flow-through system nitrobenzene is degradable at 400 g/m3 concentration. Concentrations exceeding 10 g/m3 inhibit the nitrification process.
TL;DR: In this article, the depolarized Rayleigh linewidth and viscosity of solutions of nitrobenzene in acetone and isopropanol were studied as a function of temperature at different concentrations.
Abstract: The depolarized Rayleigh linewidth Γ, integrated depolarized scattering intensity Io, and viscosity η of solutions of nitrobenzene in acetone and isopropanol were studied as a function of temperature at different nitrobenzene concentrations. In all systems studied Γ−1 is linear in (η/T). The extrapolated value of Γ−1 at η/T→0 is zero for the interactive solvents which we studied. Relative intensity measurements indicate that Io does not depend strongly on temperature. Comparison is made with the studies of Alms et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 59, 5310 (1973)] on Γ for nitrobenzene in nonpolar solvents. From these and associated studies it appears that in nonpolar solvents a ’’slip’’ hydrodynamic model is applicable, but in polar solvents the appropriate boundary conditions are closer to ’’stick’’ and vary from solvent to solvent.
TL;DR: In this article, an aromatic derivative study showed how corrosion inhibitors were developed for the control of titanium dissolution in sulfuric acid and the effects of temperature and concentration on the corrosion rate of titanium.
Abstract: An aromatic derivative study showed how corrosion inhibitors were developed for the control of titanium dissolution in sulfuric acid. Included were the effects of temperature and concentration on the corrosion rate of titanium. Test results indicated distinctly critical concentrations for effectiveness; lower concentrations accelerated dissolution rates. The more effective inhibitors apparently formed permanent complexes with the titanium atom within the lattice structure. Potentiodynamic polarization curves suggest that the class of derivatives were passivator type inhibitors. The root structures were: phenol, aniline, toluene, and nitrobenzene. The more effective structures were: 2,4, 6-trinitrophenol, 5-nitroquinoline, 8-nitroquinoline, o-dinitrobenzene, and m-nitroacetanilide.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Kerr coefficient of nitrobenzene was measured over the temperature range 285 −340 K. To within experimental error, the data indicate that the Kerr coefficients can be expressed as a quadratic function of reciprocal temperature, which can be used to correct the response of a pulsevoltage measuring system based on the Kerr effect for variations in the ambient temperature.
Abstract: The Kerr coefficient of nitrobenzene was measured over the temperature range 285–340 K. To within experimental error, the data indicate that the Kerr coefficient can be expressed as a quadratic function of reciprocal temperature. Fitting the data to this quadratic function yields an equation which can be used to correct the response of a pulse‐voltage measuring system based on the Kerr effect for variations in the ambient temperature.
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibility of the use of chlorinated cobalt dicarbolide, H+C4B18H15Cl7Co−, it nitrobenzene for the selective extraction of137Cs from mixtures of 95Zr−95Nb,106Ru-106Rh and144Ce was studied.
Abstract: The possibility of the use of chlorinated cobalt dicarbolide, H+C4B18H15Cl7Co−, it nitrobenzene for the selective extraction of137Cs from mixtures of95Zr−95Nb,106Ru-106Rh and144Ce was studied. The effect of aqueous phase acidity on the distribution ratio of Cs, Ru and Zr as well as the effect of the amount of isotopic and non-isotopic carriers of alkali metals on the distribution ratio were determined. Separation factors for cesium from ruthenium, zirconium and cerium were calculated, all being extracted from nitric acid solutions. The efficiency of cesium separation was verified by gamma-spectrometry.
Patent•
25 Jul 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a process for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene with hydrogen to hydrazobenzene at temperatures ranging from 40° to 110° C. in the presence of a precious metal catalyst, an aqueous alkaline solution and an organic solvent was described.
Abstract: In a process for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene with hydrogen to hydrazobenzene at temperatures ranging from 40° to 110° C. in the presence of a precious metal catalyst, an aqueous alkaline solution and an organic solvent, the reaction mixture being maintained in turbulent motion, the improvement wherein said nitrobenzene is o-, m- or p-chloronitrobenzene, the reaction is carried out in an organic solvent in which the dichlorohydrazobenzene being formed is readily soluble when warm and difficultly soluble when cold, and that the precious metal catalyst is used in such amount that the weight ratio of chloronitrobenzene used to precious metal catalyst is in the range 1:0.00005-less than 0.0002.
TL;DR: In this paper, the gas phase and solution spectra of methoxy nitroanilines were analyzed using both MIM and PPP configuration analyses to calculate the properties associated with the electronic transitions.
Abstract: Gas-phase and solution spectra of methoxy nitroanilines are reported. MIM and PPP configuration analyses were used to calculate the properties associated with the electronic transitions. The excite...
TL;DR: In this paper, an effective solvent field (ESF) was applied to the nitrobenzene and 1,4-dinitrobenzinene radical anions and the hyperfine couplings and their solvent sensitivities were reproduced within a planar structure.
Abstract: An INDO method extended to include a contribution from the solvent by means of an effective solvent field (INDO-ESF) and based on properly optimized geometries is applied to the nitrobenzene and 1,4-dinitrobenzene radical anions. The hyperfine couplings and their solvent sensitivities are reproduced within a planar structure of the radicals. The behaviour of14N and17O splittings in derivatives with twisted nitro groups is accounted for with no difficulty.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of solvent extraction of 137Cs,86Rb and42K by dipicrylaminate and tetraphenyl borate into nitrobenzene were studied from solutions containing various solvents miscible with water.
Abstract: Solvent extraction of137Cs,86Rb and42K by dipicrylaminate and tetraphenyl borate into nitrobenzene was studied from solutions containing various solvents miscible with water. In all cases the distribution ratios of alkali metals were lower in mixed solutions than in water. In discussing the results, water structure, ion-association, solubility of Cs(I) ionpairs, ionic strength, and organic phase effects were taken into account.
TL;DR: Barium(II) (3.00×10−4 M) was easily separated from strontium (II) by means of the solvent extraction procedure with a nitrobenzene solution of dibenzo-24crown-8.
Abstract: Barium(II) (3.00×10−4 M) was easily separated from strontium(II) (3.00×10−4–1.70×10−2 M) by means of the solvent extraction procedure with a nitrobenzene solution of dibenzo-24-crown-8. Average recovery of barium(II) was 97% and only 10−3 part of the strontium(II) in the initial sample solution was recovered.
TL;DR: An improved synthesis of acetanilide from nitrobenzene that can be completed in a single laboratory period is described in this paper, where the synthesis process is described as a single-stage process.
Abstract: An improved synthesis of acetanilide from nitrobenzene that can be completed in a single laboratory period.
Patent•
29 Oct 1979
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a method to obtain the titled high-purity compound useful as a synthetic raw material for perfumes or amino acids, in high selectivity in one stage, by reacting inexpensive aniline with ethylene glycol, etc.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the titled high-purity compound useful as a synthetic raw material for perfumes or amino acids, in high selectivity in one stage, by reacting inexpensive aniline with ethylene glycol, etc. in the vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst Pd/C, etc. CONSTITUTION: One mole of an aniline is reacted with 0.05W5mol of ethylene glycol in the vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst containing a metal of Group VIII, e.g. Pd/C, Pd/CaCO 3 or Pt-C, at a liquid space velocity based on the catalyst of 0.01W5l/l-catalyst/hr and 250W400°C under ordinary pressure to give indole or a derivative thereof, e.g. 5-methoxyindole. Alternatively, one mole of a nitrobenzene is reacted with 0.05W5mol ethylene glycol and 1W30mol hydrogen gas. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio
Patent•
10 Oct 1979
TL;DR: In this article, the reductive alkylation of halonitrobenzenes with aliphatic and cyclo-aliphatic aldehydes and ketones is improved by using a sulphited Pt/C catalyst.
Abstract: The reductive alkylation of haloanilines and halonitrobenzenes with aliphatic and cycloaliphatic aldehydes and ketones is improved by using a sulphited Pt/C catalyst. The reaction produces halo-N-alkylanilines which are important items in the prepn. of pharmaceuticals, plant protecting agents, dyestuffs and divers auxilliaries. The sulphited Pt/C catalyst makes the reactivity and selectivity of the reaction superior to those of previous processes.
Patent•
29 May 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, the title compounds were obtained by catalytically reducing a nuclear substituted nitrobenzene with hydrogen in an aqueous sulfunic acid in the presence of a sulfonic acid or its salt and a catalyst.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the title compounds in high yields, by catalytically reducing nitrobenzene or nuclear substituted nitrobenzene with hydrogen in an aqueous sulfunic acid in the presence of a sulfonic acid or its salt and a catalyst, e.g. platinum, etc. CONSTITUTION:Nitrobenzene or a nuclear substituted nitrobenzene (wherein the para-position to the nitro group is not substituted, e.g. o-nitro-toluene, etc.) is catalutically reduced with hydrogen in the in aqueous sulfuric acid presence of a catalyst, e.g. platinum, Pd, or Rh and 0.02-0.2% based on the aqueous sulfuric acid of a sulfonic acid, e.g. dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, etc., of the formula RSO3H (R is alkyl, alkylphenyl, or alkylnaphthyl group) or its salt to give p-aminophenol or nuclear substituted p-aminophenol, e.g p-amino -m-cresol, etc. USE:Intermediates for synthesis of synthetic resins, additives for synthetic resins, additives for synthetic resins, medicines, pesticides, etc.
TL;DR: In this paper, both irreversible and reversible adsorption on a surface partially saturated with irreversibly adsorbed thiophene showed unusual behaviour: the rate of irreversible adsorbing and the extent of reversible adsORption increased with initial surface coverage due to irreversible adsORB.
TL;DR: The polymerization of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (trimer) in different solvents was studied in this paper, where the conversion-concentration curve for trimer showed a dependence of the amount of soluble and insoluble polymer formed on the trimer concentration.
Abstract: The polymerization of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (trimer) is studied in different solvents. A soluble low molecular weight polymer is obtained when benzene is the solvent, a highly cross-linked polymer when cyclohexane is the solvent, and a mixture of soluble and insoluble polymers results when the solvent is chlorobenzene. The conversion-concentration curve for the trimer shows a dependence of the amount of soluble and insoluble polymer formed on the trimer concentration. No polymerization took place when the solvent was toluene, nitrobenzene or THF, but a reaction between solvent and trimer was detected.
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of Mn4+ centers due to electron transfer between nitrobenzene and impurity centers was investigated by ESR spectroscopy, and it was shown that liquid impregnation yields substantially fewer nitronbenzenes anion radicals than vapor-contact between the catalyst and nitropenzene.
Abstract: MgO powders activated in vacuo at 400°C and impregnated with nitrobenzene were investigated by ESR spectroscopy. The formation of Mn4+ centers due to electron transfer between nitrobenzene and impurity centers was established. Liquid impregnation yields substantially fewer nitrobenzene anion radicals than vapor-contact between the catalyst and nitrobenzene.
TL;DR: In this article, the differences in electrochemical behaviour of 3-nitropyridine and nitrobenzene connected with a change of supporting electrolyte are discussed, and it is shown that in the presence of alkaline earch metal cations a deposit of composition (NB−. Me2+) is formed at the electrode surface.