Showing papers on "Object-oriented design published in 2018"

modAL: A modular active learning framework for Python.

Abstract: modAL is a modular active learning framework for Python, aimed to make active learning research and practice simpler. Its distinguishing features are (i) clear and modular object oriented design (ii) full compatibility with scikit-learn models and workflows. These features make fast prototyping and easy extensibility possible, aiding the development of real-life active learning pipelines and novel algorithms as well. modAL is fully open source, hosted on GitHub at this https URL. To assure code quality, extensive unit tests are provided and continuous integration is applied. In addition, a detailed documentation with several tutorials are also available for ease of use. The framework is available in PyPI and distributed under the MIT license.

3-D Object Recognition of a Robotic Navigation Aid for the Visually Impaired

Abstract: This paper presents a 3-D object recognition method and its implementation on a robotic navigation aid to allow real-time detection of indoor structural objects for the navigation of a blind person. The method segments a point cloud into numerous planar patches and extracts their inter-plane relationships (IPRs).Based on the existing IPRs of the object models, the method defines six high level features (HLFs) and determines the HLFs for each patch. A Gaussian-mixture-model-based plane classifier is then devised to classify each planar patch into one belonging to a particular object model. Finally, a recursive plane clustering procedure is used to cluster the classified planes into the model objects. As the proposed method uses geometric context to detect an object, it is robust to the object’s visual appearance change. As a result, it is ideal for detecting structural objects (e.g., stairways, doorways, and so on). In addition, it has high scalability and parallelism. The method is also capable of detecting some indoor non-structural objects. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has a high success rate in object recognition.

Reconceptualizing object construction: The dynamics of building information modelling in construction design

Abstract: The article discusses the concepts of object and object construction through studying the collaborative use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in construction design. It suggests that a combined BIM model in design can be regarded as an ideal or special object, as suggested by Ilyenkov in his theory of the ideal. The concepts of intermediary object and artefact help in analysing the cycles of construction of such an object in design. BIM models as modifiable digital artefacts contribute to their capability of functioning as tools of individual design work and collaboration as well as means of objectifying the outcomes of design cycles into intermediary objects. We argue that the uses of combined BIM models give birth to a new modality of spatial thought, perception and collaborative problem solving in construction design.

Effects of Introducing a Game-Based Student Response System into a Flipped, Person-Centered Classroom on Object-Oriented Design

Abstract: Gamification and flipped classrooms are popular concepts in the educational sector, especially in engineering education We introduced the gamified student response system Kahoot! to a flipped undergraduate computer science course on object-oriented design The 25 students took part in interactive quizzes during class Data was collected from nine quizzes consisting of 227 questions, six surveys, as well as a final course feedback

Object-oriented design of product assembly feature data requirements in advanced assembly planning

Abstract: Purpose This paper introduces a schema for the product assembly feature data in an object-oriented and module-based format using Unified Modeling Language (UML). To link production with product design, it is essential to determine at an early stage which entities of product design and development are involved and used at the automated assembly planning and operations. To this end, it is absolutely reasonable to assign meaningful attributes to the parts’ design entities (assembly features) in a systematic and structured way. As such, this approach empowers processes such as motion planning and sequence planning in assembly design. Design/methodology/approach The assembly feature data requirements are studied and definitions are analyzed and redefined. Using object-oriented techniques, the assembly feature data structure and relationships are modeled based on the identified requirements as five UML packages (Part, three-dimensional (3D) models, Mating, Joint and Handling). All geometric and non-geometric design data entities endorsed with assembly design perspective are extracted or assigned from 3D models and realized through the featured entity interface class. The featured entities are then associated (used) with the mating, handling and joints features. The AssemblyFeature interface is realized through mating, handling and joint packages related to the assembly and part classes. Each package contains all relevant classes which further classify the important attributes of the main class. Findings This paper sets out to provide an explanatory approach using object-oriented techniques to model the schema of assembly features association and artifacts at the product design level, all of which are essential in several subsequent and parallel steps of the assembly planning process, as well as assembly feature entity assignments in design improvement cycle. Practical implications The practical implication based on the identified advantages can be classified in three main features: module-based design, comprehensive classification, integration. These features help the automation and solution development processes based on the proposed models much easier and systematic. Originality/value The proposed schema’s comprehensiveness and reliability are verified through comparisons with other works and the advantages are discussed in detail.

Objects Count so Count Objects

Abstract: One means to determine whether a student understands the fundamentals of good object-oriented design is to assess designs the student has created. However, providing reliable assessment of designs efficiently is difficult due to the many viable designs that are possible and the high level of expertise required. Consequently, design assessment tends to be limited to identifying the most basic of design problems. We propose a technique---"object counts''---that involves counting the objects created at runtime. This is more efficient than manual grading because the data is gathered automatically and more reliable than using rubrics because it is based on objective data. The data is relevant because it captures the fundamental property of an object-oriented program---the creation of objects---and so provides good insight into the student's design decisions. This provides support for both summative and formative feedback. We demonstrate the technique on two corpora containing submissions for a typical first assignment of an introductory course on object-oriented design.

A dependencies satisfaction tool to support the cost oriented configuration of industrial products in the conceptual design stage

Abstract: Sustainability and cost optimization are actually the main drivers of product and system design in modern companies. However, cost assessments are usually carried out at the end of the design proce...

A Quality-oriented Approach to Recommend Move Method Refactorings

Abstract: Refactoring processes are common in large software systems, especially when developers neglect architectural erosion process for long periods. Even though there are many refactoring approaches, very few consider the refactoring impact on the software quality. Given this scenario, we propose a refactoring approach to software systems oriented to software quality metrics. Based on the QMOOD (Quality Model for Object Oriented Design), the main idea is to move methods between classes in order to maximize the values of the quality metrics. Using a formal notation, we describe the problem as follows. Given a software system S, our approach recommends a sequence of refactorings R1, R2,..., Rn that result in system versions S1, S2,..., Sn, where quality(Si+1) > quality(Si). We performed three types of evaluation to verify the usefulness of our implemented tool, called QMove. First, we applied our approach on 13 open-source systems that we modified by randomly moving a subset of its methods to other classes, then checking if our approach would recommend the moved methods to return to their original place, and we achieve 84% recall, on average. Second, we compared QMove against two state-of-art refactoring tools (JMove and JDeodorant) on the 13 previously evaluated systems, and QMove showed better recall value (84%) than the other two (30% and 29%, respectively). Third, we conducted the same comparison among QMove, JMove, and JDeodorant applied in two proprietary systems where experts evaluated the quality of the recommendations. QMove obtained eight positively evaluated recommendations from the experts, against two and none of JMove and JDeodorant, respectively.

Game edukasi rpg seal breaker menggunakan rpg maker mv berbasis android

Abstract: Finding insights into the questions for learning exercises is not only found in schools but outside the school environment such as reading books in the library or by utilizing the sophistication of Smartphones. The majority of children are very willing to play games, based on data from Appbrain (2015) shows that the number of games on Google Play are Action Games totaling 17,853, Casual Games 51,458, Puzzle Games 59,283, Game Education only 14,180. By playing an educational game, children can easily remember and discuss problems. The method used is a system approach with Object Oriented that uses AOO (Object Oriented Analysis) and DOO (Object Oriented Design) which are visualized with UML (Unified Modeling Language) and the results obtained from this study are games that are able to combine RPG games by discussing the questions of the junior high school national exams.

Bioinspired point cloud representation: 3D object tracking

Abstract: The problem of processing point cloud sequences is considered in this work. In particular, a system that represents and tracks objects in dynamic scenes acquired using low-cost sensors such as the Kinect is presented. An efficient neural network-based approach is proposed to represent and estimate the motion of 3D objects. This system addresses multiple computer vision tasks such as object segmentation, representation, motion analysis and tracking. The use of a neural network allows the unsupervised estimation of motion and the representation of objects in the scene. This proposal avoids the problem of finding corresponding features while tracking moving objects. A set of experiments are presented that demonstrate the validity of our method to track 3D objects. Moreover, an optimization strategy is applied to achieve real-time processing rates. Favorable results are presented demonstrating the capabilities of the GNG-based algorithm for this task. Some videos of the proposed system are available on the project website ( http://www.dtic.ua.es/~sorts/3d_object_tracking/ ).

Automatic detection of the cohesion type in the UML sequence diagram

Abstract: Nowadays, maintenance is the most expensive activity in the software life cycle. The modular system is easy to maintain. A system is said to be modular if its components have weak coupling and strong cohesion. Cohesion is a very important software feature in the design of a computer application. We propose to evaluate this characteristic in the design level. In this article, we propose an approach to automatically detect the type of cohesion in the object-oriented design level. We have developed an algorithm to detect the weakest type of cohesion. Designers and developers focus then on maximizing the possible cohesion through the meaning of the redesign to achieve strong cohesion for the future system. Therefore, the proposed strategy detects the cohesion types for each object in a UML sequence diagram. We also provided a case study in which the proposed approach has been applied. Then, to validate the proposed strategy, we adapted the results obtained in a fuzzy architecture. And finally, the output of fuzzy architecture is a fuzzy membership function of total output cohesion. Results show that our approach helps designers and software developers to get software products of better quality.

Explicit Modelling of Physical Measures: From Event-B to Java

Abstract: The increasing development of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) requires modellers to represent and reason about physical values. This paper addresses two major, inter-related, aspects that arise when modelling physical measures. Firstly, there is often a heterogeneity of representation; for example: speed can be represented in many different units (mph, kph, mps, etc. . . ). Secondly, there is incoherence in composition; for example: adding a speed to a temperature would provide a meaningless result in the physical world, even though such a purely mathematical operation is meaningful in the abstract. These aspects are problematic when implicit semantics - concerned with measurements - in CPSs are not explicit (enough) in the requirements, design and implementation models. We present an engineering approach for explicitly modelling measurements during all phases of formal system development. We illustrate this by moving from Event-B models to Java implementations, via object oriented design.

Flexible continuous manufacturing—based on S88 batch standards and object-oriented design

Abstract: This Chapter presents a flexible design approach for a continuous manufacturing (CM) plant for oral solid dosage. The flexible design approach is based on object-oriented design (OOD) principles and the adoption of the ISA S88 Batch Standards for Continuous Manufacturing. As the industry trend moves away from Blockbusters for Batch, the trend will also be true for CM. Due to the high capacity nature of CM plants, it will be the exception rather than the rule that a CM plant can be dedicated to a single product. It is more likely that a successful business model for a CM plant will include a portfolio of products. As the capacity is exceeded for one plant, another one will need to be built until a suite of CM plants can handle a diversity of products. Each plant will be similar but can be designed in a unique way to specialize in a unique target set of products. A plant that could be designed with more process flexibility than is the standard today will better fit new business trends that require smaller volume and target specific drugs as opposed to large-scale blockbusters. The opportunity exists for CM to meet these needs if flexibility is designed-in from the earliest stages of conceptualization. The perfect scenario would be to efficiently “mix and match” multiple unit operations to make multiple products as need with minimal validation change control procedure. The OOD approach is the basis for creating a flexible system that allows for the interchange of disparate unit operations and creation multiple processes on the same line. This facilitates the ability to generate multiple products on the same line, streamlining the CM business case by eliminating the argument for using Batch for small-volume products. S88 provides the software framework to support the flexible object-oriented approach. This chapter discusses the business needs for CM as it pertains to a flexible design. It outlines the methodology for developing a flexible process through the use of OOD and the reasons for using S88 as the framework for CM. Finally, the chapter lays out the entities that are supported by this design approach including materials traceability, raw material tracking, batch reporting, process analytical technology (PAT), advances controls, optimization, design-of-experiments (DOEs), and recipes.

Stability evaluation model for object oriented software

Abstract: Software stability is a significant factor of software development. Stability is one of the most significant software quality indicator its correct assessment directs to the prospects of facilitating as well as improving software maintenance process. Emphasis on stability in early phase of software development cycle leads to significant improvement of stability and decline in development and maintenance costs. The assessment of stability using design properties is more relevant and its justification indicates the valid influence of functional and structural information of object oriented design and development. Regardless of the fact stability is vital and extremely noteworthy aspect for system development cycle it is poorly managed. This paper focuses the need and importance of evaluating stability at design phase and tries to establish a significant correlation between stabil ity and design properties. Taking into consideration a model, has been developed for stability evaluation of object oriented design and development by establishing multiple linear regressions. Finally the developed model has been validated by means of experimental tryout.

Empirically Validated Simplicity Evaluation Model for Object Oriented Software

Abstract: Software program developers need to go from beginning to ending and understand source code of the program and other software attributes. The software complexities and length of the program exceedingly affects many design level quality attributes, specifically Simplicity, Testability and software Maintainability. Incomplete design of any software generally leads to misunderstanding and ambiguities and therefore to gives faulty design and development results. This is mainly seeming and appears owing to the absence of it’s an appropriate observation, design and development control. However, high level design and program simplicity are very necessary and one of the vital attributes of the system development cycle. This research paper highlights the impact and significance of design level software simplicity in common and as a one of the most useful key factor or index of software quality assurance and testing. In this research work principally there are three major efforts are made. As a first contribution, a valuable relationship between software design quality factor simplicity and related object oriented design properties, this has been set up. In the second contribution, using design level corresponding metrics a simplicity evaluation model for object oriented software is developed. Subsequently, the developed simplicity model has been rationally authenticated by means of experimental data try-out.

Completeness estimation model: Fault perspective

Abstract: Reliability is an important software quality factor that is more effective at an in the development software. It is more effective in the case of object oriented design approaches. Completeness is a significant key attribute to reliability analysis. Its evaluations provided the maintainable and highly reliable software. Completeness is a reason of important impact to software developers. This paper evaluated on the need and importance of completeness for reliable software. A model has been proposed for completeness assessment with fault issues at design level by establishing multiple linear regressions. Finally the completeness model has been validated using experimental examine.

Bridging User Needs to Object Oriented GUI Prototype via Task Object Design

Abstract: This chapter sketches out The Bridge, a comprehensive and integrated methodology for quickly designing object-oriented (00), multiplatform, graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that definitely meet user needs. Part 1 of The Bridge turns user needs into concrete user requirements represented as task flows. Part 2 uses the Task Object Design (TOD) method to map the task flows into task objects. Part 3 completes the bridge by mapping the task objects into GUI objects such as windows. Those three parts of the methodology are done back-to-back in a single, intense session, with the same team of about five participants (notably including real users) working at a small round table through several consecutive days. The methodology is unusual in its tight integration not only of its explicit steps, but also of several pervasive techniques and orientations such as Participatory Analysis, Design, and Assessment (PANDA) methods that involve users and other stakeholders as active collaborators. This chapter describes both the underlying portions and the explicit steps of this bridge over the gap between user needs and GUI design.

Explicit modelling of physical measures: from Event-B to Java

Abstract: The increasing development of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) requires modellers to represent and reason about physical values. This paper addresses two major, inter-related, aspects that arise when modelling physical measures. Firstly, there is often a heterogeneity of representation; for example: speed can be represented in many different units (mph, kph, mps, etc...). Secondly, there is inco- herence in composition; for example: adding a speed to a temperature would provide a meaningless result in the physical world, even though such a purely mathematical operation is meaningful in the abstract. These aspects are problematic when implicit semantics - concerned with measurements - in CPSs are not explicit (enough) in the requirements, design and implementation models. We present an engineering approach for explicitly modelling measurements during all phases of formal system development. We illustrate this by moving from Event-B models to Java implementations, via object oriented design.

Aspects of Optimization of the Process of Computer-Aided Design of Complex Objects

Abstract: The paper presents theoretical fundamentals of the optimization of the process of structural synthesis of objects generated on discrete structures. The pointed model of the process of synthesis can be implemented in computer-aided design systems that are invariant with regard to the design object, when knowledge of the subject field comprises informational support of the system, and the optimized combinatorial search is in the basis of the process of synthesis.

Mobile Network-Based Geographic Information System Design For Disaster Logistic Distribution In Padang City

Abstract: A disaster that occurs in an area would bring about the losses of several human natural resources. The role of logistic distribution system becomes very important in order the needs of the disaster victims could be fulfilled under the limited resources available. An information system is needed to manage the need of demand and the aid data quickly to support such an activity. The design of information system is done by analyzing the system of disaster logistic distribution of Padang city using the concept of Object Oriented Analysis and the approach of Object-Oriented Design. The software of information system design is made using PHP programming language in the form of a website. The research result in the form of Web GIS and mobile network-based information system is able to process the data, covering the data process of distribution point, management of aid good, and equipment.

How object-oriented design principles enhance the development of complex automation programs - A Best Practice Paper on how to develop service-interlaces for process modules as defined in VDI/VDE/NAMUR 2658

Abstract: The complexity and difficulty for designing and developing automation programs based on the IEC 61131–3 [1] is continuously increasing. With the VDI/VDE/NAMUR 2658 [2] a new level of complexity will be reached - control modules with more complex interfaces, services as functional capsulation in process operations and interdependencies to other unknown up- or downstream modules. In these applications, the proven procedural approach reaches its limits. The object-oriented paradigm could be the solution. However the object-oriented extension of [1] is not supported in many available plc development tools. This results in a low acceptance and low experience in object-oriented thinking by plc developers. This paper will be focused on an object-oriented motivated transformation of design principles and patterns into Structured Text. The results are demonstrated in form of a best practice implementation for programs compliant to [2]. The presented approach does not use any kind of supportive or generating tools, it's based completely on the possibilities of IEC 61131–3.

Object-oriented design idea based configuration software modeling realization method

Abstract: The invention provides an object-oriented design idea based configuration software modeling realization method which comprises the following steps of acquiring dependence, levels and interaction relationships among various objects by performing abstract, clustering and function analysis on the objects in an application system, and utilizing a design method of packaging, inheritance, multistate andcompounding in oriented objects to perform object design when a data model of a whole configuration software is established by establishing the data model of the whole configuration software throughthe configuration software. The method can rapidly and effectively finish object modeling problems of different application systems, improves the reusability of the software and saves the developmentcost.

Intelligent object oriented programmable automatic control method

Abstract: The invention discloses an intelligent object oriented programmable automatic control method, which adopts an object oriented design concept. When the action flow of one device is compiled, only the controlled equipment and the controlled action need to be arranged, and configuration of peripheral interfaces and registers of a hardware bottom layer does not need to be considered. The programming part of the control step in the method is used in an application programming mode and reads the controlled object and the action authority from the bottom layer terminal, the action instruction of thecontrolled object is compiled according to the action authority, and the method is suitable for the automatic control equipment of any equipment. According to the object-oriented programmable automatic control method, data interaction between the peripheral interface circuit and the control bottom layer is achieved, and the conversion of the control object from the fixed hardware circuit to the abstract control device is completed. The repeated utilization rate of hardware is increased, the repeated design cost of hardware is reduced, and the maintenance cost is reduced. The peripheral interface circuit is controlled by a control bottom layer and has the advantages of being simple in operation, convenient to maintain and the like.