Showing papers on "Personality published in 1968"

Personality and Assessment

Abstract: After many "out-of-print" years, this volume has been reissued in response to an increasing demand for copies. This reflects that the fundamental questions that motivated this book thirty years ago are still being asked. But more important, the answers -- or at least their outlines -- now seem to be in sight. In 1968, this book stood as an expression of a paradigm crisis in its critique of the state of personality psychology. The last three decades have been filled with controversy and debate about the dilemmas raised here, and then with renewal and fresh discoveries. It therefore seems especially timely to revisit the pages which posed the challenges. Mischel outlined the need to encompass the situation in the study of personality, but with a focus on the acquired meaning of stimuli and on the situation as perceived, viewing the individual as a cognitive-affective being who construes, interprets, and transforms the stimulus in a dynamic reciprocal interaction with the social world. He focused on the idiographic analysis of personality that had originally motivated the field, and the complexity, discriminative facility, and uniqueness of the individual, and sought to connect the expressions of personality to the individual's behavior -- that is, to what people do and not just what they say. Even the intrinsically contextualized "if...then..." expressions of the personality system -- its essential behavioral signatures -- were foreshadowed in this book that fired the opening salvo in a search for "a truly dynamic personality psychology."

Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility.

Abstract: Ss overheard an epileptic seizure. They believed either that they alone heard the emergency, or that 1 or 4 unseen others were also present. As predicted the presence of other bystanders reduced the individual's feelings of personal responsibility and lowered his speed of reporting (p < .01). In groups of size 3, males reported no faster than females, and females reported no slower when the 1 other bystander was a male rather than a female. In general, personality and background measures were not predictive of helping. Bystander inaction in real-life emergencies is often explained by "apathy," "alienation," and "anomie." This experiment suggests that the explanation may lie more in the bystander's response to other observers than in his indifference to the victim.

The traditional socially responsible personality

Abstract: Is readiness to behave in a socially responsible manner related to certain behavior and attitudes? This study of associations between a personality scale and other survey responses indicates that "high responsibles" tend to be conservative people who embrace the traditional ideas of their society. Leonard Berkowitz is Professor of Psychology and Kenneth Lutterman is Lecturer in Sociology, both at the University of Wisconsin.

The relationship of selected vocal characteristics to personality perception

Abstract: (1968). The relationship of selected vocal characteristics to personality perception. Speech Monographs: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 492-503.

The Measurement of Psychoticism: a Study of Factor Stability and Reliability

Abstract: An investigation is reported into the measurement of the personality dimension P (psychoticism), which has emerged from factorial and other empirical studies as a third dimension additional to E (extraversion) and N (neuroticism.) Large groups of normal men and women, and of male and female students, were administered an inventory containing 106 potential P, E and N items, and the results analysed in detail. It emerges that P, E and N factors are found, as predicted, in the factor analysis of the data; that reliable scales can be constructed from the available items for P; and that the factors found are relatively invariant from one sex to the other, and from one sample to others. It appears that N and P are not entirely independent, but correlate to a moderate extent. It is suggested that P might be a personality variable of interest in connexion with many experimental investigations; that it might determine differential performance, either alone or in conjunction with E and/or N; and that experimental studies of P in normal subjects might throw much needed light on the nature and meaning of psychoticism as a personality variable.

Personality Variables and the Consumer Decision Process

Abstract: This article suggests that personality variables should only differ for brand choice among people who see high-performance risk in the product. This theory suggests the hypothesis that personality ...

On the Use and Abuse of LSD

Abstract: WHILE SCIENTISTS may debate the appropriate use of hallucinogens, history records our unceasing urge to cope with dreary reality or dread with the aid of magic, drugs, drama, festival rites, and (with biological regularity) through dreams. The need to transcend limits also finds a voice in utopian ideologies-be they of the inner world, of this, or the next; the promise of omnipotent mastery is always either implicit or readily inferred. Thus whether it is the proletarian masses, or youth mesmerized by mellow yellow banana, or the princes of the land of genital primacy, or the meek-each is promised the inheritance of what probably will be a rather crowded earth. Given the prevalence of these motives it is not surprising that drugs play a role not only in the behavior of individuals but also in social and ideological processes. With the appropriate motives and occasion

Hysteria and Depression: The Frequency and Significance of Hysterical Personality Features in Hospitalized Depressed Women

Abstract: Lack of clarity of definition has contributed to the difficulty in studying the phenomena of hysteria and depression. The authors, by devising a reliable measure for the hysterical personality and by using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, have attempted to study the frequency and significance of hysterical personality features in hospitalized depressed women.

Teacher personality and classroom climate

Abstract: DESCRIPTORSBIBLIOGRAPHIES, *INTERACTION, LITERATURE REVIEWS, MALES, *PERSONALITY STUDIES, *PERSONALITY THEORIES, PHYSICS TEACHERS, QUESTIONNAIRES, SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS, *STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS, TABLES (DATA), TEACHER ATTITUDES, *TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS, MINNESOTA TEACHER ATTITUDE INVENTORY (MTAI), CLASSROOM CLIMATE QUESTIONNAIRE (CCQ), EDWARDS PERSONAL PREFERENCE SCHEDULE (EPPS), ALLPORT VERNON LINDZEY STUDY OF.