Showing papers on "Pregnancy published in 1981"
895 citations
TL;DR: A 24-item scale with five subscales was developed to measure the construct of maternal-fetal attachment during pregnancy and tested on 71 subjects in the third trimester of pregnancy with a negative association between MFA scores and the amount of stress perceived by women.
Abstract: A 24-item scale with five subscales was developed to measure the construct of maternal-fetal attachment during pregnancy and tested on 71 subjects in the third trimester of pregnancy. Content validity was built into the scale. A coefficient of reliability of .85 was demonstrated for the scale with the reliability of the subscales ranging from .52 to .73. Scores of the MFA scale were positively correlated with the amount of available social support reported by women and with their perceptions of babies three days after birth. There was a negative association between MFA scores and the amount of stress perceived by the women. Further refinement of the scale is indicated.
692 citations
TL;DR: Fetal malformations occur before eight weeks of gestation (postmenstrual dates), when most diabetic pregnant women have not yet come to medical attention, and there has been no objective method to assess control.
Abstract: PERINATAL mortality has decreased in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus.1 As losses from stillbirths, intrapartum asphyxia, and hyaline-membrane disease diminish, major congenital anomalies emerge as the most important causes of mortality in infants of diabetic mothers.1 , 2 The overall incidence of major anomalies was 6 to 9 per cent in several large studies of such infants1 2 3 — three to four times that found in a general neonatal population.4 Fetal malformations occur before eight weeks of gestation (postmenstrual dates), when most diabetic pregnant women have not yet come to medical attention.5 Until recently, there has been no objective method to assess control . . .
617 citations
TL;DR: A prospective field study was carried out during an epidemic of non-A non-B hepatitis for determining the incidence and severity of hepatitis in pregnant women, nonpregnant women of child bearing age and men and fulminant hepatitis was observed exclusively in the last trimester.
511 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis is put forward that hypertension of pregnancy is a compensatory mechanism to ensure an adequate blood supply to the placenta when the‘physiological changes’ fail to occur.
375 citations
366 citations
TL;DR: The rise in plasma ACTH concentrations, asregnancy advances, is suggestive of the possibility that a source of ACTH exists that is not subject to negative feedback control, that the clearance of free cortisol increases as pregnancy advances, or that there is an alteration in the metabolism of the ACTH precursor protein produced by the pituitary and/or placenta.
332 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that MHC homozygosity between spouses is associated with postfertilization pregnancy wastage in humans.
308 citations
TL;DR: The presence of trophoblast/lymphocyte cross-reactive (TLX) antigens, which stimulate the mother to mount a response with blastocyst protective factors and which prevent maternal rejection of the antigenically unique embryo, might explain these results.
293 citations
TL;DR: The developmental morphology of visual cortical neurons in fetuses and infants with Down's syndrome were studied and compared with that of neurologically normal, age-matched controls, which showed the same neuronal morphology and spine counts as control fetuses.
TL;DR: The increased risk of ectopic pregnancy after salpingitis is confirmed and the increase in the incidence of ectopy pregnancy in Lund from 1960 to 1979 was partly accounted for by the use of IUCDs.
Abstract: In a 20-year longitudinal study on ectopic pregnancy in a defined population of women aged 15-39 years the rate of ectopic pregnancy per 1000 diagnosed conceptions increased from 5.8 during 1960-4 to 11.1 during 1975-9. The mean annual incidence of ectopic pregnancy per 1000 women increased from 0.6 to 1.2 during the same period. The numbers of ectopic pregnancies per 1000 diagnosed conceptions increased with increasing age of the women and were 4.1, in the teenage group 6.9, in women aged 20-29 years, and 12.9 in women aged 30-39. Among 20- to 29-year-old sexually active women at risk of pregnancy who had never had acute salpingitis the rates of ectopic pregnancy per 100 woman-years were the same in those who did not use contraceptives as in those using non-medicated or copper-medicated intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs; 0.3/100 woman years). The risk of an ectopic pregnancy increased sevenfold after acute salpingitis. These findings confirm the increased risk of ectopic pregnancy after salpingitis and suggest that the increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in Lund from 1960 to 1979 was partly accounted for by the use of IUCDs.
TL;DR: Athero‐matous‐like lesions of similar morphology were found in spiral arteries from both normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation, and no arteriopathy was found which was specific for pre‐eclampsia.
TL;DR: Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and GFR/ERPF was significantly reduced during early pregnancy but rose to a value equivalent to the non‐pregnant during the third trimester.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The hCG level that distinguishes patients with intrauterine pregnancies in whom a gestational sac can be seen from those in whom it cannot be seen was determined and designated as the discriminatory hCG zone, which lies between 6000 and 6500 mlU/ml.
TL;DR: Inflammatory bowel disease, except for severe active Crohn's disease, does not seem to affect the outcome of concurrent pregnancy adversely, and the use of corticosteroid and sulfasalazine in pregnancy associated with ulcerative colitis is unlikely to increase the fetal morbidity or mortality.
TL;DR: A role of the prenatal endocrine milieu in the development of erotic partner preference, as in hetero-, homo-, or bisexual orientation, or of cognitive sex differences has not been conclusively demonstrated.
Abstract: Gender identity depends largely on postnatal environmental influences, while sex-dimorphic behavior and temperamental sex differences appear to be modified by prenatal sex hormones. A role of the prenatal endocrine milieu in the development of erotic partner preference, as in hetero-, homo-, or bisexual orientation, or of cognitive sex differences has not been conclusively demonstrated.
Book•
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: This website will show you the sex and pregnancy in adolescence that will be your best choice for better reading book, and you can take the book as a source to make better concept.
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: The possibility of distinguishing between normal intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies by determining the lower limit of the rate of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) increase in early pregnancy was investigated.
TL;DR: A proposed new classification for AIH based on serological findings differs from traditional classifications in that a new category of "mixed" AIH has been defined in which both "warm" and "cold" autoantibodies are present, and both are capable of causing haemolysis.
Abstract: Clinical and serological records of 865 patients with confirmed autoimmune haemolysis (AIH)--a much larger series than any previously reported--were critically reviewed nd analysed. A proposed new classification for AIH based on serological findings differs from traditional classifications in that a new category of "mixed" AIH has been defined in which both "warm" and "cold" autoantibodies are present, and both are capable of causing haemolysis. Patients in this mixed group tend to have severe disease that may run a chronic intermittent course. The presentation of cold agglutinin disease is much more variable than has been seen in previous studies, haemolysis due to low titre autoantibodies being common. The AIH associated with pregnancy, usually considered as being of bad prognosis, is often mild and self limiting in the absence of other associated disorders.
TL;DR: The records of 27 patients who developed retinal arterial obstruction (RAO) prior to the age of 30 years were studied to ascertain associated systemic and ocular findings as possible etiologic factors.
TL;DR: Overall, 26 of 31 IUGR fetuses demonstrated decreased qualitative AFV, and perinatal morbidity was increased tenfold in patients with decreased AFV.
TL;DR: The results suggest the risk of maternal death is low in women with the Marfan syndrome who have minimal cardiovascular disease and should be counseled regarding pregnancy risks only after review of their cardiovascular status, including an echocardiographically determined aortic root diameter.
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the delayed rise of E2 in older mice contributes to their prolonged cycles, and the increased E2:P ratio in PVC mice creates a relatively unopposed estrogenic milieu which may accelerate the development of the pituitary tumors and hypothalamic dysfunction that characterize aged female mice.
Abstract: Midday plasma concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured in aging C57BL/6J mice showing either prolonged estrous cycles or persistent vaginal cornification (PVC). In younger mice (5.5-7.5 months), the modal cycle length was 4 days, and the profiles of these hormones during the cycle were similar to those previously reported. By 10-12.5 months, the modal cycle length had increased to 5 days. Although midday levels of P were unimpaired at this age, the profile of E2 was markedly altered. Proestrus (Day 1) and estrus (Day 2) levels of E2 were indistinguishable from those of younger mice, but basal values on Day 3 and the preovulatory rise beginning on Day 4 were reduced in older mice by 80% and 45%, respectively. As a result, attainment of preovulatory levels of E2 equivalent to those of younger mice was delayed by about 1 day, which corresponded to the average net increase in median cycle length at this age. In 14-month-old PVC mice, levels of E2 were comparable to the basal values of younger cycling mice and threefold greater than ovariectomized values. However, P levels were 50% lower than basal values in cycling mice and indistinguishable from values in ovariectomized mice. Consequently, the E2:P ratio was elevated nearly twofold in PVC mice. Because transient experimental suppression of the preovulatory rise of E2 lengthens estrous cycles in young rodents, we hypothesize that the delayed rise of E2 in older mice contributes to their prolonged cycles. In addition, the increased E2:P ratio in PVC mice creates a relatively unopposed estrogenic milieu which may accelerate the development of the pituitary tumors and hypothalamic dysfunction that characterize aged female mice.
TL;DR: The phase of the ovulatory cycle had no effects, but there were significant changes during pregnancy, and the volume of the fasting gallbladder and the residual volume after a physiologically stimulated contraction were directly correlated with bile acid pool size.
Abstract: To study the events that might lead to an increased risk of cholesterol gallstones, we examined biliary lipid composition and secretion and bile acid composition and kinetics at different stages of pregnancy or ovulation in young, nonobese, healthy women. Lipid composition and bile acid distribution were determined in duodenal fluid obtained in the fasting state and after stimulation of the gallbladder. Biliary lipid secretion was measured by the marker-perfusion technique. Bile acid kinetics were determined with cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids labeled with carbon13, by measuring the relative abundance of 13C in duodenal bile acids for 4--5 d. In a subset of patients we measured gallbladder storage and emptying during the kinetic study. The phase of the ovulatory cycle had no effects, but there were significant changes during pregnancy. The lithogenic or cholesterol saturation index of fasting hepatic and gallbladder bile increased during the second and third trimesters. The mean secretion rate of biliary lipids was not altered, but in the last two-thirds of pregnancy, cholesterol secretion increased in relation to bile acid and phospholipid secretion. There was a progressive decrease in the percentage of chenodeoxycholic acid and a similar increase in the percentage of cholic acid. The pool size of each major bile acid increased in the first trimester. Chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid pools, but not cholic acid pools, subsequently decreased. The fractional turnover rate of both primary bile acids was slower during pregnancy. The synthesis rate of chenodeoxycholic but not cholic acid decreased in a linear manner during the first 20 wk of pregnancy. The rate of enterohepatic cycling of the bile acid pool was reduced throughout pregnancy. The volume of the fasting gallbladder and the residual volume after a physiologically stimulated contraction were directly correlated with bile acid pool size. The residual volume was also directly related to total bile acid synthesis.
TL;DR: In 1955 a population study in Uppsala comprising about 9,000 school children showed that migraine increased from 1.4% at the age of seven to 5.3% at fifteen, with increasing age there was an increasing predominance of girls.
Abstract: In 1955 a population study in Uppsala comprising about 9,000 school children showed that migraine increased from 14% at the age of seven to 53% at fifteen With increasing age there was an increasing predominance of girls A matched comparison between 73 children with more pronounced migraine and 73 control children showed a greater tendency in the migraine group to abdominal pain, motion sickness, sleep disturbance and orthostatic symptoms In a longitudinal study lasting 23 years the 73 migraine children were followed-up until all were over 30 years of age During puberty and as young adults 62% were free from migraine for at least two years Of these, 22% again suffered migraine regularly Thus, 60% had migraine attacks at 30 Girls seem to have a greater relapse rate than boys Most of the girls with classical migraine were headache free during pregnancy Every third family with one parent belonging to the migraine group and with children over four years of age had one child with migraine symptoms Migraine seems to be more frequently inherited via the mother, and to girls
TL;DR: Serial changes in 24‐hour creatinine clearance were determined in 11 women during several menstrual cycles before conception, the conceptional cycle and the first trimester of pregnancy, with possible reasons for the changes in glomerular filtration rate in early pregnancy.
TL;DR: Rotavirus infection was uncommon in the first six months of life, but by two years of age, 62% of the infants had had at least one infection, and neither breast feeding nor the presence of antibody to rotavirus in cord blood appeared to be protective.
Abstract: Diarrhea in neonates, followed as a cohort, and their families was studied prospectively. The families were followed for an average of 16.3 months. Stool and serum specimens were obtained at least every three months. Stool specimens were examined for viruses by electron microscopy and cultured for enteropathogens, and serum specimens were tested for antibodies to rotavirus and Norwalk virus. During the study, 237 episodes of gastroenteritis were observed in 104 infants and their 62 siblings. Rotavirus, detected 82 times in 72 children, was by far the most common enteropathogen. It was associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in 72% (with diarrhea in 65%). Rotavirus diarrhea occurred mostly in winter months and was significantly more frequently associated with respiratory symptoms than were diarrheas with other etiologies. Rotavirus infection was uncommon in the first six months of life, but by two years of age, 62% of the infants had had at least one infection. Neither breast feeding nor the presence of antibody to rotavirus in cord blood appeared to be protective.
TL;DR: The literature on corticosteroid binding globulin (transcortin) in the human is reviewed under the following headings: physicochemical properties, biosynthesis, measurement, and physiological, pharmacological and pathological variations with particular emphasis of the effects of pregnancy and oral contraceptives.
Abstract: The literature on corticosteroid binding globulin (transcortin) in the human is reviewed under the following headings: physicochemical properties, biosynthesis, measurement, and physiological, pharmacological and pathological variations with particular emphasis of the effects of pregnancy and oral contraceptives. Finally, the physiological implications of corticosteroid binding globulin are discussed.