Showing papers on "Prostate published in 1969"
TL;DR: The antagonistic action of antiandrogens strongly supports the contention that the binding of 5α-dihydrotestosterone by proteins described in this paper is germane to the stimulation of prostate growth and function by androgens.
415 citations
TL;DR: Detailed histologic study of 45 cancerous prostate glands in 134 autopsies provided new information on the natural history of prostatic carcinoma, suggesting a gradual increase in biologic malignant potential which is closely linked to tumor size.
Abstract: Detailed histologic study of 45 cancerous prostate glands in 134 autopsies provided new information on the natural history of prostatic carcinoma. Origin of carcinoma was limited to one of two histologically distinct regions, but with no apparent predilection for the “posterior lobe” or sub capsular area. Carcinoma selectively originated from active gland epithelium rather than a trophic glands, and distinctive premalignant changes accompanied its origin. Evidence from volume distribution data suggests that there are not two types of prostatic carcinoma with different biologic potential, but a single species having slow growth rate with a logarithmic growth curve. The development of carcinoma in the gland follows predictable patterns, including early involvement of the capsule and perineural spaces. The later course of tumor growth is characterized by loss of differentiation and the ability to penetrate the capsule and periurethral stroma. This suggests a gradual increase in biologic malignant potential which is closely linked to tumor size. Probably the capacity for distant metastasis is almost limited to large carcinomas, and penetration of the gland capsule may be the most important predisposing factor.
395 citations
TL;DR: Dihydrotestosterone formation was measurable in all of the immature prostates studied, including that from calf, and in a variety of other tissues known to be under androgenic control—duck preen gland, the comb and wattle of the chicken, and the preputial gland of rat and mouse.
Abstract: The conversion of testosterone-1,2-3H to dihydrotestosterone-3H has been measured under standardized conditions in slices of various tissues from 11 species. In the rat, the highest rates of this conversion were observed in prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicle, penis, preputial gland and scrotum, the other tissues exhibiting much lower values. When the rate of dihydrotestosterone formation was compared in prostate from 9 species, the values observed varied from 569±69 μμmoles/100 mg tissue in the rat to immeasurably low levels in the bull (4±3 μμmoles/100 mg/hr), whereas this conversion was demonstrable in all epididymal tissues studied. Furthermore, dihydrotestosterone formation was measurable in all of the immature prostates studied, including that from calf, and in a variety of other tissues known to be under androgenic control—duck preen gland, the comb and wattle of the chicken, and the preputial gland of rat and mouse. Dihydrotestosterone formation was not demonstrated in any muscle tested...
253 citations
97 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Estradiol-17β, diethylstilbestrol, and progesterone, but not hydrocortisone succinate, also suppressed the retention of dihydrotestosterone by prostatic cell nuclei in vitro, but to a much lesser extent than cyproterone.
Abstract: Cyproterone (1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-Δ4,6-pregnadien-17α-ol-3,20-dione) 17α-acetate, a potent anti-androgen, suppressed the uptake of radioactive androgens in vivo by the ventral prostate of rats. This was accompanied by a decrease in the retention of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one) by prostate cell nuclei . Cyproterone and its 17α-acetate (less than 0.5 µg/ml) also inhibited the formation of a specific dihydrotestosterone-protein complex in prostate cell nuclei when minced prostate was incubated with radioactive testosterone or dihydrotestosterone. Estradiol-17β, diethylstilbestrol, and progesterone, but not hydrocortisone succinate, also suppressed the retention of dihydrotestosterone by prostatic cell nuclei in vitro, but to a much lesser extent than cyproterone.
97 citations
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on recent work on fine structure of prostate tissue, hormonal influences on the metabolism of specific glandular constituents, the effect of hormones on viable prostate tissue in culture and on prostatic steroid catabolism, and a discussion of human prostatic neoplasia and its rodent and canine counterparts.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects and metabolism of hormones in normal and neoplastic prostate tissue. The chapter focuses on recent work on fine structure of prostate tissue, hormonal influences on the metabolism of specific glandular constituents, the effect of hormones on viable prostate tissue in culture and on prostatic steroid catabolism, and a discussion of human prostatic neoplasia and its rodent and canine counterparts. It is now becoming apparent that the maintenance of normal prostatic structure and function and of residual epithelial activity in the castrate depends on the complex competitive or synergistic action of sex steroids, corticoids, and prolactin on the end organ. “Biological titration” with estrogen–androgen combinations has shown that the administration of both hormones is required to maintain the morphological integrity of the prostatic epithelium and the weight of the gland. Dihydrotestosterone and 5α-androstane-3α,l7 β-diol, the major products of the reductive catabolism of testosterone in the prostate, and their 17-ketosteroid analogs may be the active androgens in the gland.
77 citations
TL;DR: TSPAP levels were always more frequently elevated than PAP values, regardless of the differentiation of the prostatic tumor, and Tartrate‐labile prostatic acid phosphatase determinations are of no greater value in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma.
Abstract: Simultaneously determined total serum prostatic acid phosphatase (TSPAP) and tartrate-labile prostatic phosphatase (PAP) values were determined in 326 randomly selected patients, with histologically verified BPH (141 cases) or carcinoma of the prostate (185 cases). Unexplained elevations in TSPAP were noted in 7% of BPH cases. A 2.7% incidence of similar unexplained elevated PAP values was observed. However, in prostatic carcinoma cases, TSPAP was increased above normal range in 63.8% while PAP values were elevated in only 41.1%. When prostatic carcinoma cases are subdivided according to the clinical stage of the disease, TSPAP values are still consistently elevated to a greater degree than PAP at all clinical stages, with and without metastases. Regardless of the differentiation of the prostatic tumor, TSPAP levels were always more frequently elevated than PAP values. Tartrate-labile prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) determinations are thus of no greater value in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. In fact, total serum prostatic acid phosphatase is more sensitive and correlates better to the clinical stage of the disease and degree of differentiation of the primary tumor.
64 citations
59 citations
TL;DR: Over a 10‐year period, 670 prostatic carcinomas were diagnosed at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Ill, and 16 were pathologically unusual, and 10 of these 16 were found to be transitional cell carcinoma.
Abstract: Over a 10-year period, 670 prostatic carcinomas were diagnosed at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Ill. Sixteen were pathologically unusual, and 10 of these 16 were found to be transitional cell carcinoma. These lesions have definite clinical and pathologic differences from the common prostatic adenocarcinoma. Origin is in the large prostatic ducts, whose lining cells are of the transitional cell type. Urologists and pathologists, if aware of these lesions, should consider them in clinically unusual or pathologically atypical cases of prostatic carcinoma.
53 citations
52 citations
TL;DR: A case of carcinoma of the prostate with metastases to both kidneys, both adrenals, both breasts, the head of the pancreas, and one testis as confirmed by autopsy is reported.
Abstract: A case of carcinoma of the prostate with metastases to both kidneys, both adrenals, both breasts, the head of the pancreas, and one testis as confirmed by autopsy is reported. This combination of rare occurrences of metastases from the prostate has not previously been described in the literature. The serum acid phosphatases were normal throughout the course of the disease, and the tumor did not respond to treatment with diethylstilbestrol 5 mg daily. The possible routes of metastases from cancer of prostate are outlined.
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Castrated and intact male rats, receiving daily s.c. injections of yohimbine HCl, were observed weekly for copulatory behavior and no differences in frequencies or latencies of the various components were apparent when they were compared to their respective control group.
TL;DR: The serum acid phosphatase level is often valuable as an aid in establishing the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma, but it is a poor substitute for a positive biopsy, and the more tumor tissue present, the more likely it is that the SAP level will be elevated.
Abstract: The serum acid phosphatase (SAP) level is often valuable as an aid in establishing the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma, but it is a poor substitute for a positive biopsy. The availability of semispecific tests like the SAP determination often prevent the logical progression of diagnostic events that are so often employed in establishing a diagnosis as serious as carcinoma. Certainly, a reasonable effort to obtain histologic proof of prostatic carcinoma is essential, particularly since the prostate is exceedingly available for biopsy, the morbidity and mortality are virtually nil, and the chance of success quite high. Systematic analysis of populations with prostatic carcinoma demonstrate that, in general, the more tumor tissue present, the more likely it is that the SAP level will be elevated. Woodard 34 and Fraley and Howard, 35 using a modification of the Bodansky 36 and Babson and Read 37 techniques, respectively, reported levels of activity in patients;
TL;DR: The distribution of plasminogen activator in fresh human prostatic tissue has been studied, using a histological technique, and the vascular endothelium consistently showed fibrinolytic activity while inconstant and lesser activity arose from the epithelial cells of glands and ducts.
Abstract: The distribution of plasminogen activator in fresh human prostatic tissue has been studied, using a histological technique. The vascular endothelium consistently showed fibrinolytic activity while inconstant and lesser activity arose from the epithelial cells of glands and ducts. Increased epithelial activity was often accompanied by evidence of trauma. Activity of the secretions was insignificant. The source of the fibrinolytic activity of blood in prostatic disease and of the seminal fluid remains uncertain, and cannot yet be ascribed to the prostatic epithelium.
TL;DR: It seems unlikely that the lesion is a chance occurrence; it is most likely, related to other cases of Paget’s disease of the anogenital region, and may develop through the mechanism of a hormone-dependent carcinogenic stimulus.
Abstract: A case of Paget’s disease of the prostatic urethra in a 58-year-old Negro man is reported. An underlying carcinoma of the prostate was found in this case and carcinoma was present also in the periurethral prostatic ducts. Paget’s disease of the prostatic urethra has not been reported previously. The histogenetic theories of Paget’s disease are examined in relation to the findings in this case. It seems unlikely that the lesion is a chance occurrence; it is most likely, related to other cases of Paget’s disease of the anogenital region. This relation may develop through the mechanism of a hormone-dependent carcinogenic stimulus. Features in common with mammary and extramammary Paget’s disease, including embryonic origin, are noted and discussed.
TL;DR: A modification of the Giemsa staining technique is performed so as to evidence pathognomic elements within the interior of the nucleus, specifically in the altered nucleolus.
Abstract: 1. A preliminary report is submitted on the aspiration biopsy of the prostatic gland. 2. A technique of prostatic biopsy is described, being relatively free of complications and readily accepted by patients as an office procedure for routine screening for carcinoma of the prostate. 3. A modification of the Giemsa staining technique is performed so as to evidence pathognomic elements within the interior of the nucleus, specifically in the altered nucleolus.
TL;DR: Experimental evidence in support of the role of prolactin in the growth and secretory activity of the prostate and other accessory glands of mammals is reviewed and the importance of the use of organ culture techniques in the study of the effects of Prolactin has been underscored.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The dramatic regression of primary carcinomatous lesions of the prostate which often results from endocrine-control therapy suggested to a number of urologists that radical perineal prostatectomy might prove curative for selected patients whose carcinom atous lesions were too far advanced to permit radical prostateCTomy when first examined.
Abstract: Carcinoma of the prostate gland is a common and lethal disease. For many years, urologists have attempted to establish an early diagnosis of the disease at a time when the nodular growth is entirely confined within the prostate gland, and have advocated complete extirpation of the growth by radical prostatectomy. Jewett et al35have recently published data emphasizing the wisdom of this radical approach to carcinoma of the prostate and report that of 86 patients followed up for 15 or more years after radical perineal prostatectomy, 33% (28) are living without evidence of cancer. The dramatic regression of primary carcinomatous lesions of the prostate which often results from endocrine-control therapy suggested to a number of urologists36-40that radical perineal prostatectomy might prove curative for selected patients whose carcinomatous lesions were too far advanced to permit radical prostatectomy when first examined. Our experience in treating these advanced cases of
TL;DR: The radiologic findings as well as a discussion of the differential diagnostic possibilities in cases of intravesical enlargement of the prostate are presented.
Abstract: When the prostate gland grows massively in an intravesical direction, the diagnosis both radiographically and clinically may be difficult An awareness by the radiologist and urologist of the radiographic features of intravesical enlargement of the prostate is important for proper diagnosis and management This report is a presentation of the radiologic findings as well as a discussion of the differential diagnostic possibilities in such cases Anatomical Considerations Solitary intravesical enlargement of the prostate may be due to enlargement of either the subcervical glands of the prostate or the median lobe (1) Subcervical gland enlargement was more than twice as frequent as median lobe enlargement in a series of 222 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy studied by Randall (2) In addition to the outer or true prostatic glands making up the lateral, anterior, posterior, and median lobes, the normal prostate contains inner or periurethral glands which are located in both the mucosa and submucosa