Showing papers on "Rear-end collision published in 2016"

Drivers’ rear end collision avoidance behaviors under different levels of situational urgency

Abstract: Rear-end collisions have been estimated to account for 20–30% of all crashes, and about 10% of all fatal crashes. A thorough investigation of drivers’ collision avoidance behaviors when exposed to rear end collision risks is needed to help guide the development of effective countermeasures. Urgency or criticality of the situation affects drivers’ collision behavior, but has not been systematically investigated. A high fidelity driving simulator was used to examine the effects of differing levels of situational urgency on drivers’ collision avoidance behaviors. Drivers’ braking and steering decisions, perception response times, throttle release response times, throttle to brake transition times, brake delays, maximum brake pedal pressures and peak decelerations were recorded under lead vehicle decelerations of 0.3 g, 0.5 g, and 0.75 g and under headways of 1.5 s and 2.5 s. Results showed (1) as situational urgency increased, drivers released the accelerator and braked to maximum more quickly; (2) the transition time between initial throttle release and brake initiation was not affected by situational urgency; (3) at low situational urgency, multi-stage braking behavior led to longer delays from brake initiation to full braking. These findings show that effects of situational urgency on drivers’ response times, braking delays, and braking intensity should be considered when developing forward collision warnings systems.

Automobile rear-end collision prevention early warning method and system

Abstract: The invention discloses an automobile rear-end collision prevention early warning method and system. The system comprises a wireless communication dedicated short range communication (DSRC) device arranged at a roadside, and a vehicle-mounted wireless communication device, a data acquisition unit and a vehicle-mounted terminal which are installed on a vehicle, wherein the data acquisition unit is internally provided with a data acquisition module, a GPS module and an acceleration sensor. Through the DSRC device, wireless communication interaction between vehicles and between vehicles and roads is realized. The vehicle-mounted terminal calculates a safety distance between a vehicle and a front vehicle by use of a minimum safety distance model based on vehicle-road cooperation, an actual distance between the vehicle and the front vehicle is calculated through position information, whether a read-end collision risk exists is determined, if the read-end collision risk exists, a risk prompt is displayed on an interface of the vehicle-mounted terminal, and an alarm is given through sound. According to the invention, the cost of the read-end collision prevention early warning system is reduced, and the early warning accuracy is improved. The system has the advantages of low cost, small volume, accurate early warning and the like, thereby being applied to various road conditions.

Vehicle rear-end collision preventing system and method based on road surface conditions

Abstract: The invention discloses a vehicle rear-end collision preventing system and method based on road surface conditions. The system comprises a driving information obtaining device, a safe state judgment device, a touch alarm device, an autonomous brake output device and a data information storage unit. The driving information obtaining device comprises a distance measuring sensor, a wheel speed sensor and an in-tire sensor and is used for sensing vehicle motion information and the road surface attachment state; the safe state judgment device is used for selecting target deceleration through driver characteristics based on the different road surface conditions, inputting the target deceleration into a safe distance module, and comparing the vehicle relative distance with the current relative distance to determine the real-time operating safe state of a vehicle; the touch alarm device comprises a touch sensor installed on the surface of a driver seat and a touch sensor installed on an accelerator pedal. Road information and vehicle information can be obtained through the multiple sensors, an alarm is given or autonomous brake measures are taken in time according to the safe state of the current vehicle, vehicle rear-end collision can be effectively avoided, and road potential safety hazards are reduced.

A novel rear-end collision warning system using neural network ensemble

Abstract: Negligence of a driver or a sudden stop of a forward vehicle can cause rear-end collision. In this paper, we propose a new situation assessment algorithm to determine collision probability to prevent the rear-end collision. The proposed algorithm consists of two phases: coarse assessment and fine assessment. In the coarse assessment, the algorithm selects a target vehicle with the highest possibility of collision by using fuzzy logic. In fine assessment, it determines collision probability based on a statistical approach considering driving maneuvers; it models the driving maneuvers to enable the driver to operate the vehicle in conditions toward the collision and calculates the collision probability as the ratio between the total driving maneuvers and the driving maneuvers in possible collisions. To reduce the simulation time complexity, we adapt a neural network. Since there exist variance of widths for different vehicles, we also apply neural network ensemble to cope with the variance. Numerical evaluation of the proposed method is provided through simulations and practical tests.

Vehicle rear-end collision avoidance system, method and single-chip microcomputer

Abstract: The invention relates to a vehicle rear-end collision avoidance system, method and single-chip microcomputer. A main control unit (20) is connected with an environmental perception module (10) through a peripheral communication interface, is connected with an executing unit (30) of a self vehicle through a line, and is connected with a vehicle-mounted unit (40) of the self vehicle through a dedicated short range communication DSRC interface; the vehicle-mounted unit (40) of the self vehicle communicates with the vehicle-mounted unit (40) on the front vehicle through a DSRC technique of a vehicle-mounted Ad-hoc network; the vehicle-mounted unit (40) on the front vehicle controls a front vehicle brake light of the executing unit (30) in the front vehicle through an interrupt signal generated in an electronic hardware interface. Through a preset procedure by the single-chip microcomputer, according to the speed of the self vehicle, relative vehicle speed, and the distance between the self vehicle and the front vehicle, the main control unit (20) calculates a critical security vehicle distance, judges the dangerous degree of collision generated between the self vehicle and the front vehicle in the travelling process, and then triggers relevant action of the executing unit. According to the automobile rear-end collision avoidance system, method and single-chip microcomputer disclosed by the invention, the probability of vehicle rear-end collision can be greatly reduced.

A novel rear-end collision warning algorithm in VANET

Abstract: We develop a novel algorithm to implement collision warning to avoid traffic rear-end accidents, in which one vehicle would hit the vehicle running in front. Real-time traffic risk would be computed and the drivers would get informed the warning message. The experiments results show that our algorithm can have effective influence on this problem.

Automobile rear-end collision avoidance method and automobile rear-end collision avoidance device

Abstract: The invention discloses an automobile rear-end collision avoidance method and an automobile rear-end collision avoidance device. According to the invention, a distance between an automobile and an approaching front automobile is tested through an infrared distance meter, the current automobile speed is read through navigation equipment, a safe brake distance of the automobile is calculated, a driver is reminded of the safe brake distance and a suggested automobile speed in real time, and once the front automobile suddenly brakes or accelerates, the driver can be reminded through a voice or a high-definition display screen, so as to timely respond and cope. The automobile rear-end collision avoidance method and the automobile rear-end collision avoidance device, which are disclosed by the invention, are applicable to high-speed driving, and different states of the automobile are indicated by the high-definition display screen through different digital colours.

Vehicle body rear structure of electric vehicle

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicle body rear structure of an electric vehicle, capable of alleviating the restriction on the layout of a vehicle body rear part without degrading a rear end collision performanceSOLUTION: In the vehicle body rear structure of an electric vehicle 10 according to the present invention, a suspension member 16 is formed into a C-shape that is open on a vehicle front side in a plan view A pair of right and left inclined members 35, 35 is provided to extend from a cross member 19 on a vehicle rear side to side members 17 so as to intersect with side beams 31 of the suspension member 16, respectively, and is connected to each side beam in a region where the inclined member 35 intersects with the side beam 31 of the suspension member 16 A pair of right and left longitudinal members 36, 36 is provided to extend in a vehicle front-rear direction between a pair of cross members 18 and 19, and a position of a rear end portion of each longitudinal member 36 in a vehicle width direction matches a position of a front end portion of each inclined member 35 in the vehicle width directionSELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Railway train collision and rear-end collision preventing device based on point-to-point accurate distance measurement

Abstract: The invention discloses a railway train collision and rear-end collision preventing device based on point-to-point accurate distance measurement. The railway train collision and rear-end collision preventing device comprises a self-detection module, a first distance measurement module, a second distance measurement module, a first master control module, a second master control module, a first information display module, a second information display module, a first voice broadcasting module, a second voice broadcasting module, a first audible and visual alarm module, a second audible and visual alarm module, a first train brake control module, a second train brake control module, a communication conversion interface and a backup power source. The output end of the backup power source is connected with the input end of the self-detection module, the input end of the first master control module and the input end of the second master control module. By the adoption of the railway train collision and rear-end collision preventing device, train collisions and front and back train tracking rear-end collisions can be prevented, railway key facilities can be protected, and the real-time distance and sensor detection data can be provided for railway locomotive vehicle running tracking, navigation positioning and intelligent transport dispatching.

Crashworthiness optimisation of A-pillar in passenger car in rear-end collision with truck

Abstract: Rear-end collisions between cars and trucks are of great concern to society because of their high casualty rate. Improving the safety of passengers during these collisions is a significant issue. This paper aims to optimise the crashworthiness of the A-pillar area of a car according to the collision form based on the finite-element model of the car–truck rear-end collision. Through the optimisation process, the value and speed of the intrusion into the A-pillar were selected as the evaluation assessment indicators, and the optimisation design was conducted from two viewpoints: the material selection and stiffness match. As a result of the optimisation, the maximum intrusion of the A-pillar of the car was reduced by 33.19%, and the intrusion speed was reduced by 46.98% without increasing the body mass of the car. These results indicate that the crashworthiness of the car was improved effectively; thus, the occupant casualty risk was reduced. They suggest a feasible path for the crashworthiness impr...

A stereovision based rear-end collision warning system on mobile devices

Abstract: In this paper, we tackle the challenge of developing a stereovision-based driving assistance system for collision avoidance on a mobile device. This novel system is aimed to work in an urban environment, where a driver experiences lots of stop and go situations. In cities, rear-end accidents are the most common type of accidents, since a momentary lapse of concentration can lead to unsafe headway. The system detects and tracks the vehicle in front of the host vehicle and issues a warning if a crash is imminent, such that the driver has sufficient time to brake or take another action to avoid the accident. Complex functions were developed for lane detection and tracking and vehicle detection and tracking. The rear-end collision warning is based on the computation of Time-To-Collision and Time-Gap taking into account host vehicle speed, relative speed and relative acceleration. Stereovision-based algorithms for driving assistance are computational intensive and mobile devices as they are today have reduced resources. Our algorithms run in real-time, at 20–22 frames/second and at the same time they are robust and have high accuracy.

Anti-rear-End Collision Safe Running and Its Warning of Vehicle on Highway

Abstract: Through the analysis of vehicle braking deceleration process, and in the light of the features of the vehicle rear-end collision on the highway, the practical calculation model on safety gap is established. Then three kinds of different safety gap calculation formula are derived. The relationships between the simulation speed and safety gap were simulated under dry pavement conditions by using Matlab software. The simulation results showed that it satisfied with national requirements for safe operation of motor vehicles. Finally the warning method on safety gap was developed based on the different impact factors.

Study of Causation Mechanism and Dynamic Feature for Typical Rear End Situations in China-FOT

Abstract: Due to very few actual crashes occurring and the deviation of the collision and environment information between the fact and post processing,the use of surrogate events like noncrash Crash Relevant Events(CREs)found in Naturalistic Driving Studies (NDS) or Field Operational Tests (FOT) is usually motivated by referring to some version of Heinrich's classical triangle to find a faster way to learn about problems that need to be solved. To know the relationship between CREs and real crashes, we must know the causation mechanisms of them and find which types of data must be collected to verify that the “right” CREs found is usually missing. Based on the China-FOT database, the detecting criterion was firstly introduced and then 46 typical rear end situations in Chinese traffic condition were chosen to do the study of dynamic feature and causation mechanism. Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAM) was used to study the causation mechanism from 4 kinds (Driver, Vehicle, Traffic environment, Organization) with 16 parameters, and then the logical relationship between the contributing factors were built. Ultimately, the comparison research about the causation mechanism of existing 42 rear end collisions to verify which factors were more likely to lead to rear end collision, and which factors had larger impact on the CREs but smaller impact on the real rear end collision was done. That could provide theoretical basis for the design and development of active safety products with the purpose of safety or comfort.

Cluster Based Architecture for Preventing Accident and Rear-End Collision in VANET

Abstract: Objectives: To prevent accident and rear end collision in VANET, we propose to develop a method that will first create a cluster for preventing accident and rear collision in VANET Method/Statistical Analysis: Hence, to prevent accident and rear end collision in VANET, we propose to develop a scheme. First, with vehicles of same group moving in same road and direction, a cluster is formed. Among transmitted power and Contention Window (CW) size occasionally, every automobiles bounds an algorithm individually that’s adjusted. Findings: In urban areas, Traffic accidents occur because of sudden brakes, which demand a quick response from drivers. Therefore, a driver should be informed of the emergency events earlier. The proposed scheme applied each vehicle nodes in the network. Within the contention window metrics, the probability of collision between nearby vehicles is calculated and included which ensures the occurrence of appropriate modernize of transmission power and CW (Access Category) standards derived from the limited automobile density and the network circumstance correspondingly. The cluster with the header nodes maintain every unwanted or accident event and inform to every node to prevent accidents and rear end collision. This is significant to every sub cluster members of an SCH entity. An automobile can securely reject communication initiated from automobiles next to it. The recipient automobile can take; action derived from the primary and rejects the remaining replacement copies in case of redundancy.Applications/Improvements: The proposed scheme focused to enhance the delay, delivery ratio, energy and throughput compare to existing schemes.

Car rear-end -collision prevention active safety system and control method

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent transportation of vehicles, and particularly relates to a car rear-end-collision prevention active safety system and a control method. The car rear-end-collision prevention active safety system consists of a sensor, a control module, a wiring harness, a warning light, a warning loudspeaker and other warning ways. The control method is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: initializing the system, to be specific, initializing IO, clock, CAN and the like of the system; S2: powering and initializing the sensor, and updating the data of the sensor; and after the data of the sensor is successfully updated, performing algorithm analysis and calculation of the next step; and if the data cannot be updated successfully, returning for continuing to update; S3: performing algorithm analysis and calculation; and S4: judging whether a rear vehicle enters a dangerous distance range, and after confirming that the rear vehicle enters the dangerous distance range, performing corresponding optical-acoustic alarming according to the danger grade; and if confirming that the vehicle enters the dangerous distance range, circulating to the step S3. By adopting the car rear-end-collision prevention active safety system and the control method, the rear vehicle can be initiatively reminded of avoiding the rear end collision, the road traffic safety is well guaranteed, and the traffic order is maintained.

Safety evaluation of car-truck mixed traffic flow on freeways using surrogate safety measures

Abstract: ................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................ xv CHAPTER

Sensitivity Analysis of Vehicle Speed in Rear-end Collision Accidents

Abstract: The rear-end accident is the main form of highway accidents in China. Among them, this phenomenon is very common that the trucks involved are basically heavily overloaded. When the rear-end accident occurs, the identification of the vehicle speed is very important. In this paper, the vehicle dynamics is used to analyze the influencing factors of vehicle speed under overload condition. Using the method of factor selection, rolling resistance coefficient, road surface gradient and air resistance coefficient on the vehicle speed and sensitivity analysis were analyzed. From the sensitivity analysis can be seen that the rolling resistance coefficient and road surface gradient have significant influence on the vehicle speed, while the air resistance coefficient is slight. Therefore, in the analysis of the actual vehicle speed calculation, the relevant factors should be considered and should be taken after a reasonable choice. A truck rear-end accident was taken as an example, and the vehicle speed sub-discussion and sensitivity analysis were carried out, and a reasonable speed conclusion was obtained.

Rear-end collision avoidance

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in traversing a vehicle transportation network may include a host vehicle receiving a remote vehicle message including remote vehicle information, identifying host vehicle information, determining a relative position code indicating whether an expected path for the remote vehicle and an expected path for the host vehicle are convergent based, determining a remote vehicle dynamic state code based on the remote vehicle information, determining a host vehicle dynamic state code based on the host vehicle information, identifying an expected rear-end collision condition based on the relative position code, the remote vehicle dynamic state code, and the host vehicle dynamic state code, in response to identifying the expected rear-end collision condition, identifying a vehicle control action based on the host vehicle dynamic state code, and traversing a portion of the vehicle transportation network in accordance with the vehicle control action.

Highway rear end collision preventing method

Abstract: A highway rear end collision preventing method is disclosed and relates to the technical field of traffic safety technologies. The highway rear end collision preventing method comprises three working states. When a vehicle runs on a highway equipped with an early warning system, movement of the vehicle can be inducted via an induction system of the early warning system, the induction system automatically starts a signal lamp system of the early warning system, and therefore safety early warning can be provided for vehicles behind the said vehicle; when the vehicle stops on the highway equipped with the early warning system, the stopping state of the vehicle can be inducted via the inducting system of the early warning system, the induction system automatically starts the signal lamp system of the early warning system, and therefore safety early warning can be provided for vehicles behind the said vehicle with safety distance setting of the signal lamp system; when no vehicle runs on a highway equipped with the early warning system, the early warning system is in a stand-by state; the highway rear end collision preventing method is reasonable in design and high in intelligentization, highway driving safety can be well improved, and safety accidents can be reduced.

Research Regarding the Influence of Vehicle’s Safety Restraint Systems on Its Occupants in Case of Rear-End Collision

Abstract: This paper studies the effect of a failed automotive front seat in the case of a rear-end collision and its effects on the occupants. Also, a comparison is made between a normal seat and a failed one. Two collision tests are conducted on the same conditions to analyze the similarities of the two. The occupants used are biofidelic crash test dummies. The occupant kinematics is analyzed and also the head acceleration is measured. The data is obtained from equipment mounted in the vehicles and occupants but also obtained from a high-speed video recording.

Automobile rear-end collision prevention early warning method and system

Abstract: The invention discloses an automobile rear-end collision prevention early warning method and system. The system comprises a wireless communication dedicated short range communication (DSRC) device arranged at a roadside, and a vehicle-mounted wireless communication device, a data acquisition unit and a vehicle-mounted terminal which are installed on a vehicle, wherein the data acquisition unit is internally provided with a data acquisition module, a GPS module and an acceleration sensor. Through the DSRC device, wireless communication interaction between vehicles and between vehicles and roads is realized. The vehicle-mounted terminal calculates a safety distance between a vehicle and a front vehicle by use of a minimum safety distance model based on vehicle-road cooperation, an actual distance between the vehicle and the front vehicle is calculated through position information, whether a read-end collision risk exists is determined, if the read-end collision risk exists, a risk prompt is displayed on an interface of the vehicle-mounted terminal, and an alarm is given through sound. According to the invention, the cost of the read-end collision prevention early warning system is reduced, and the early warning accuracy is improved. The system has the advantages of low cost, small volume, accurate early warning and the like, thereby being applied to various road conditions.

Method and device for preventing automobile rear-end collision

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for preventing automobile rear-end collision. The method comprises: in a travelling process of an automobile, detecting a rear-vehicle distance by a radar; determining whether the rear-vehicle distance is less than a distance threshold, and if so, calculating a collision time according to the approaching speed of the rear vehicle and the rear-vehicle distance; determining whether the collision time is less than a time threshold, and if so, igniting an air bag disposed at a rear bumper of the automobile, wherein upon blowing up, the air bag forms a strip of air inflation bladder at the outside of the rear bumper of the automobile.

Evaluation of Rear-End Collision Risk in Car-Heavy Vehicle Mixed Traffic Flow on Freeways Using Surrogate Safety Measures

Abstract: As economy is globalized in recent few decades, demand for freight transportation has dramatically increased. In particular, road transportation is a major mode of freight transportation. According to the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) report, the tonnage of goods by heavy vehicles (in millions tons) increased from 12,778 in 2007 to 13,182 in 2012, and this tonnage will increase to 18,786 by 2040 (U.S. DOT, 2014). Similarly, Transport Canada reported that the tonnage of goods by heavy vehicles increased to 251.4 billion tonne-kilometers in 2013, which is a 4.1% increase from 2012 (Transport Canada, 2015).

Vehicle rear part structure

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a vehicle rear part structure capable of improving collision safety performance at the time of rear end collision of a vehicle by an exhaust pipe.SOLUTION: A vehicle rear part structure 10 comprises: an engine 50 disposed at a vehicle body rear side of a panel 20 constituting a cabin; a pair of left and right side members 24 having a vehicle body front side end part coupled to the panel 20 and a vertical extension part 24B extending closer to the vehicle body rear side than the engine 50 in a vehicle body vertical direction; and an exhaust pipe 60 being connected to the engine 50, serving as a protection part 63 having at least a part protruding closer to the vehicle body rear side than the vertical extension part 24B as viewed from a vehicle width direction and having a multiple pipe structure.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2