Showing papers on "Sex pheromone published in 1990"
TL;DR: Melanization and reddish colouration hormone (MRCH) which regulates colour polymorphism associated with phase variation in the armyworm species has been purified from a head extract of the silkworm and revealed interspecific activity both in cuticular melanization and in sex pheromone production.
194 citations
TL;DR: Observations of courtships showed that hydrocarbons act as courtship-inducing pheromones in all the species studied here, and males from the dimorphic species tended to respond to a wider range of hydroCarbons, and also showed high levels of courtship with young flies of both sexes and all species, whose Hydrocarbons had some structural similarities to those of homotypic adult females.
188 citations
TL;DR: These results are the first quantitative documentation that courtship pheromones function in salamanders directly to increase female receptivity.
147 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on current understanding of Dacinae chemical ecology as it relates to evolution, host selection, reproduction, adult behavior, and control of these fruit flies.
Abstract: There are more than 700 described species of Dacinae fruit flies, whose immature stages develop in many species of fleshy fruits found in tropical and subtropical rain forests. Most of these species are monophagous or stenophagous, but a few species are polyphagous. The Dacinae have a complex chemical ecology, responding to sex pheromones produced by females, aphrodisiac pheromones produced by males, plant kairomones that function as male lures, and plant-produced oviposition stimulants. This review focuses on current understanding of Dacinae chemical ecology as it relates to evolution, host selection, reproduction, adult behavior, and control of these fruit flies.
146 citations
TL;DR: Failure to demonstrate genes with pleiotropic effects on critical sender and receiver traits, suggests that reciprocal selection on genetically independent sender and Receiver loci is the more likely explanation for the generally observed coordination between pheromone production and response in moth populations.
Abstract: The nature of variation in moth pheromone communication systems and its genetic control is critical for the evolution of these systems and for their role in mate‐finding and reproductive isolation. Significant additive genetic variance has been demonstrated in female pheromone production in monomorphic populations. However, corresponding variance in male pheromone response with respect to the blend which is most active, appears to be low, as can be expected from the general asymmetry of sexual selection. Pheromone polymorphism and differences in communication systems between closely related species seem to be controlled by a small number of Mendelian genes. The critical biosynthetic steps, which are influenced by the genes controlling pheromone production, can be inferred from our present knowledge of pheromone biosynthesis. A mechanistic understanding of how male response to pheromones is controlled is further away. Failure to demonstrate genes with pleiotropic effects on critical sender and receiver traits, suggests that reciprocal selection on genetically independent sender and receiver loci is the more likely explanation for the generally observed coordination between pheromone production and response in moth populations. Further research on the evolutionary significance of Z‐linked pheromone response genes, documented in several species, should be encouraged. Investigations, in the field, of populations that vary in pheromone production and response, and theoretical and empirical studies of the survival of sender and receiver mutants in otherwise monomorphic populations are also important to advance our understanding of how pheromone communication systems evolve. 1990 The Netherlands Entomological Society (Less)
137 citations
Book•
16 Nov 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on chemicals that effect aggregation for mating and elicit sexual behavior in insects, mites, and ticks, mainly on "sex pheromonal" or "mating" activity.
Abstract: This book focuses on chemicals that effect aggregation for mating and elicit sexual behavior in insects, mites, and ticks, mainly on "sex pheromonal" or "mating" activity. These pheromones are useful to both agriculture science and industry because of their potential as detection and control agents.
131 citations
TL;DR: (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate, the major component of the pheromone blend, is synthesized from palmitic acid via tetradecanoic acid, which, by the action of a specific (E)-11 desatur enzyme and subsequently a (Z)-9 desaturase, is converted into (Z, E)- 9, 11-TetradeCadienoate.
119 citations
TL;DR: The sex pheromones for a number of aphids have recently been identified, and further studies on the production, perception, and interspecific attraction of the phersomone components are described and possible uses for the sex phersome are discussed.
Abstract: The alarm pheromones are known for many species of aphids, and methods of using the synthetic pheromone to improve control of aphids by contact insecticides and biological agents have been devised. Highly active analogs have been prepared and plant-derived synergists identified. Laboratory studies on compounds obtained by chemical modification of the alarm pheromone and antifeedants derived from non-host plants have led to successful field trials against aphid-borne virus diseases in crops. Strategies for biotechnological production of aphid semiochemicals are described. The sex pheromones for a number of aphids have recently been identified. Further studies on the production, perception, and interspecific attraction of the pheromone components are described and possible uses for the sex pheromone are discussed.
106 citations
TL;DR: Female sex pheromones applied to freshly isolated, living antennae of male Antheraea polyphemus and Bombyx mori led to an increase of cGMP and Guanylate cyclase activity was identified in homogenates of male and female antennae from both species.
Abstract: Female sex pheromones applied to freshly isolated, living antennae of male Antheraea polyphemus and Bombyx mori led to an increase of cGMP. A 1:1 mixture of 2 pheromone components of Antheraea polyphemus blown for 10 sec in physiological concentrations over their antennal branches raised cGMP levels about 1.34-fold (+/- 0.08 SEM, n = 23) from a basal level of 3.0 +/- 0.6 (SEM, n = 20) pmol/mg protein. Similarly, bombykol elicited a 1.29-fold (+/- 0.13 SEM, n = 23) cGMP increase in antennae of male Bombyx mori from a basal level of 2.7 +/- 0.5 (SEM, n = 24) pmol/mg protein. No cross-sensitivity was found with respect to pheromones from either species. In antennae of female silkmoths, the cGMP response was missing upon stimulation with their own respective pheromones according to the known lack of pheromone receptor cells in the female. cAMP levels in the male antennae of 14.2 +/- 2.9 (SEM, n = 4) pmol/mg protein in A. polyphemus and 15.0 +/- 3.0 (SEM, n = 5) pmol/mg protein in B. mori were not affected by pheromone stimulation. Within 1–60 sec, the extent of cGMP increase in B. mori was independent of the duration of pheromone exposure. The levels of cGMP in pheromone- stimulated antennae of both species remained elevated for at least 10 min, i.e., much longer than the duration of the receptor potential measured in single-cell recordings. Guanylate cyclase activity was identified in homogenates of male and female antennae from both species. The Km of the guanylate cyclase from male B. mori for the preferential substrate MnGTP was 175 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
97 citations
TL;DR: Initial studies indicated attraction of males in both the olfactometer and in the field by volatiles from the primary host, and suggested a nepetalactol, which was shown to have the 4aR, 7S, 7aS stereochemistry by synthesis from the corresponding ne petalactone isolated from the labiate plantNepeta mussinii.
Abstract: Behavioral studies using an olfactometer demonstrated that sexual females (oviparae) of the damson-hop aphid,Phorodon humuli, release a pheromone to which males respond. Volatiles produced by the oviparae were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-single cell recording from the secondary rhinaria on the male antenna and showed the presence of one peak with major activity. Coupled gas chrornatography-mass spectrometry suggested a nepetalactol, which was shown to have the 4aR, 7S, 7aS stereochemistry by synthesis from the corresponding nepetalactone isolated from the labiate plantNepeta mussinii. Although the stereochemistry at carbon-1 is not yet established, a synthetic sample comprising ca. 70% 1S and 30% 1R attracted highly significant numbers of males to water traps placed within and adjacent to a hop garden. Initial studies also indicated attraction of males in both the olfactometer and in the field by volatiles from the primary host.
91 citations
TL;DR: The number and complexity of pheromones can expect to be much greater in social insects, a part of the subject which until now has received relatively less attention.
Abstract: SUMMARY
1Chemical communication plays an important part in the lives of insects, and particularly in lives of those that live in groups or social organizations.
2Chemicals which are used in communication in the general sense are called semiochemicals, and there are a number of subdivisions recognized under this title.
3Pheromones are a category of semiochemicals which are used for communication between individuals of the same species.
4Pheromones are in turn subdivided into primer and releaser pheromones. The former produce a relatively long-lasting physiological change in the receiver, and the latter stimulate the receiver to some immediate behavioural response.
5Far more is known about releaser pheromones at present because they are easier to study.
6Nine categories of releaser pheromone are recognized here, used by both social and non-social insects.
7Sex pheromones are widely used to bring the sexes together for mating, and they have been extensively studied in Lepidoptera.
8Invitation pheromones, encouraging the species to feed or oviposit at an explored site, are not extensively known.
9Aggregation pheromones are designed to bring individuals together into groups which may be temporary in sub-social insects, or permanent in social insects.
10Dispersal or spacing pheromones are used by other species to reduce intraspecific competition for scarce resources.
11Alarm pheromones are a broad and sometimes unclearly defined group which communicate alarm or attack, chiefly in colonial species.
12Trail pheromones, applied to a surface by an individual, to be followed by another, are confined to Hymenoptera, Isoptera and a few Lepidoptera as far as is known.
13Territorial and home range pheromones may be widely distributed, but as yet few of them have been recognized.
14Surface and funeral pheromones are even less well known. Surface pheromones may play a large part in species or colony recognition.
15We can expect the number and complexity of pheromones to be much greater in social insects, a part of the subject which until now has received relatively less attention.
16As our understanding of the subject grows we may expect other categories to be added to this list.
TL;DR: An initial survey of hexane-extracted skin lipids from male and female geckoes revealed fatty acids common to both sexes, but several steroid analogs of cholesterol were unique to males while long-chain methyl ketones wereunique to females.
Abstract: Male leopard geckoes,Eublepharis macularius, rely on skin-derived semiochemicals to determine the sex of conspecifics. Males respond to other males with agonistic behavior while females elicit courtship behavior from males. While females were shedding, males responded to them with agonistic behavior. The same females were courted both before and after shedding. An initial survey of hexane-extracted skin lipids from male and female geckoes revealed fatty acids common to both sexes. Several steroid analogs of cholesterol were unique to males while long-chain methyl ketones were unique to females. Results are discussed in the context of skin lipids serving as pheromones in reptiles.
TL;DR: It is proposed that sensillar pheromone-degrading enzymes modulate pherumone concentration in the receptor space and hence play a dynamic role in the pherOMone-mediated reproductive behaviors of these animals.
TL;DR: Hydroxydanaidal, the corematal courtship pheromone of maleUtetheisa ornatrix, shows pronounced quantitative variation in natural populations of the moth, and could be used to gauge both the alkaloid content and body weight of their suitors.
Abstract: Hydroxydanaidal, the corematal courtship pheromone of maleUtetheisa ornatrix, shows pronounced quantitative variation in natural populations of the moth. Males that, as larvae, fed on seed-bearing rather than immature food plants (Crotalaria spectabilis orC. mucronata) produce higher levels of hydroxydanaidal. Such males also have higher systemic loads of pyrrolizidine alkaloid, the known metabolic precursor of hydroxydanaidal, whichUtetheisa sequester from their larval diet and which is concentrated in the seeds ofCrotalaria. Males raised on seed-bearing plants also achieve higher adult weight. In the context of sexual selection, therefore, femaleUtetheisa could, through assessment of male hydroxydanaidal levels, gauge both the alkaloid content and body weight of their suitors.
TL;DR: Data suggest that for females the primary pheromonal function of faecal pellets is advertisement (i.e. defence) of their own areas, and that faecan pellets produced by males are of primary importance in the attraction of mates.
TL;DR: The sex attractiveness pheromone of the red-sided garter snake,Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, has been characterized as a mixture of 13 long-chain saturated and monounsaturated methyl ketones.
Abstract: The sex attractiveness pheromone of the red-sided garter snake,Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, has been characterized as a mixture of 13 long-chain (C29-C37) saturated and monounsaturated methyl ketones. Samples of the major unsaturated ketones in the mixture, (Z)-24-tritriaconten-2-one (7) and (Z)-26-pentatriaconten-2-one (10), and their saturated analogs, 2-tritriacontanone (8) and 2-pentatriacontanone (11) were prepared by unambiguous synthesis. In field bioassay tests, male garter snakes were presented with natural and synthetic pheromone components both individually and as a mixture. Males exhibited courtship behavior to the synthetic compounds approximating the natural blend.
TL;DR: Investigation of receptor frequencies on antennae of male Hungarian moths showed that individuals could be classified as either Swedish or Armenian/Bulgarian type, and males of the Swedish type were preferentially attracted to the three-component pheromone blend, whereas blends of (Z)-7-dodecenyl and (Z-9-tetradecenyl acetate,
Abstract: The female sex pheromone composition and the male electro-physiological response with respect to the three main sex pheromone components, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, were investigated in populations ofAgrotis segetum from Armenia and Bulgaria. The percentage composition of the female-produced pheromone was 1∶52∶47 and 1∶42∶57 for the respective populations. Corresponding male receptor frequencies were 9∶90∶1 and 6∶92∶2. EAG response profiles of the male antennae were similar for the two populations. The populations from Armenia and Bulgaria differed from the earlier investigated French and Swedish populations, which have larger amounts of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate in gland extracts and have a majority of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate-sensitive receptors. Investigation of receptor frequencies on antennae of male Hungarian moths showed that individuals could be classified as either Swedish or Armenian/Bulgarian type. Males of the Swedish type were preferentially attracted to the three-component pheromone blend, whereas blends of (Z)-7-dodecenyl and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-7-dodecenol [pure or in mixture with (Z)-5-decenol] attracted the Armenian/Bulgarian type. The nature of pheromone variation among European and Asian populations of the turnip moth and possible mechanisms maintaining the variation are discussed.
TL;DR: Electrophysiological recordings from single olfactory receptor cells in the male tobacco budworm moth showed that they are involved primarily in host odor reception, however, a few of these neurons responded to pheromones.
Abstract: Eleclrophysiological recordings from single olfactory receptor cells were carried out in the male tobacco budworm moth,Heliothis virescens. Recordings were made primarily from the sensilla trichodea type 1, which are located in the characteristic circumferential rows on the antennae. They possess the longest sensilla hairs as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sensory cells of these sensilla responded specifically to pheromones. Only three types of receptor neurons were found, each tuned to one of the female-produced components. The majority (58%) of the neurons were tuned to the major component (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:A1). Another large group (27%) responded specifically to stimulation with (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14: Al). These two compounds are the most important components of the pheromones as judged by their influence on the behavioral responses of the males. The third type of neurons responded specifically to (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (Z11-16: OH), which may act either as a pheromone component or as an interspecific cue. None of the receptor neurons in the long sensilla trichodea responded specifically to the minor aldehyde components of the pheromone, which have subtle effects on behavior. Mixture experiments provided no evidence that minor components influence the receptor responses to the major components. Olfactory sensilla outside the crosswise rows were also characterized morphologically by SEM. Included in these were sensilla of different lengths, corresponding to a classification as s. basiconica and s. trichodea type 2. Electrophysiological recordings from these sensilla showed that they are involved primarily in host odor reception. However, a few of these neurons responded to pheromones.
TL;DR: Synthesis and gas Chromatographic Separation of the eight Stereoisomers of Diprionol and their Acetates, Components of the Sex Pheromone Pine Sawflies as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A male-produced aggregation pheromone was demonstrated inCarpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) using a wind-tunnel bioassay. Both sexes responded to the pheromone, but the beetles flew in the wind tunnel only after they had been starved for at least several hours. The attractiveness of the pheromone was greatly enhanced by volatiles from a food source, and combinations of pheromone and food volatiles typically attracted 3–10 times more beetles than either source by itself. A variety of food-related sources of volatiles were effective. These included apple juice; a mixture of baker's yeast plus banana; the pinto bean diet used for rearing this beetle; the chemicals propyl acetate, ethanol; and a mixture of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The pheromonal activity resided with a series of 10 male-specific, unsaturated hydrocarbons of 13, 14, and 15 carbon atoms. These were partially separated by HPLC. No single compound was absolutely required for pheromonal activity to be observed, and various subsets of these compounds were active. The most abundant component was (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene. One minor component was (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene. These structures were proven by synthesis. Together, the synthetic compounds were as active in the wind tunnel as the beetle-derived pheromone.
TL;DR: The role of olfaction and vision in the close-ranging flying and walking orientation of male gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar(L), to females was studied in the forest and in the laboratory and the apparent lack of visual response to the female is discussed in light of morphological and behavioral evidence suggesting that gypsymoths were formerly nocturnal.
Abstract: The role of olfaction and vision in the close-ranging flying and walking orientation of male gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar(L.), to females was studied in the forest and in the laboratory. In the forest, feral males found an isolated pheromone source as readily as one supplemented with female visual cues; dead, acetonerinsed females deployed without pheromone received virtually no visitations. In flight tunnel choice experiments using cylinders as surrogate trees and pheromone in different spatial configurations, visual attributes of the female did not influence either the males' choice of landing site or the efficiency with which they located the female. Rather, the presence of pheromone on the cylinder was necessary to elicit orientation as well as landing and walking on the cylinder. When a female visual model was placed in various positions around a pheromone source, walking males oriented primarily to the chemical stimulus. There were, however, indications that males would alter their walking paths in response to female visual cues over short distances (<5 cm), but only if they continued to receive pheromone stimulation. When visual and chemical cues were abruptly uncoupled by altering the trajectory of the pheromone plume, most males responded to the loss of the odor cue rather than to visual cues from the female. Temporal pheromone stimulation patterns affected male walking orientation. When stimulated by pheromone, males oriented toward the source; loss of the odor cue prompted an arearestricted local search characterized by primarily vertical and oblique movements with frequent reversals in direction. Presumably these maneuvers enhance the likelihood of recontacting the plume or serendipitously encountering the female. The apparent lack of visual response to the female is discussed in light of morphological and behavioral evidence suggesting that gypsy moths were formerly nocturnal.
TL;DR: The male sex pheromone of the cockroachNauphoeta cinerea was isolated from adult sternal glands and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and is composed principally of three compounds: 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), 2-methylthiazolidine, and 4-ethyl- 2-meth-oxyphenol.
Abstract: The male sex pheromone of the cockroachNauphoeta cinerea was isolated from adult sternal glands and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This pheromone, which attracts females from a distance, is a multicomponent blend. It is composed principally of three compounds: 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), 2-methylthiazolidine, and 4-ethyl-2-meth-oxyphenol. A mixture of synthetic compounds in a ratio of 4∶4∶1 (2700 ng) elicits maximal response and short latency of response by receptive females, similar to that induced by male sternal gland extracts. Tested separately, each compound induces a positive response, but the moving times spent by females are generally longer than with the mixture or extracts. These three volatile compounds also are found in small amounts (about 1/40 of sternal glands) in tergal gland secretions licked by females. Acetoin also is found in the sternal and tergal glands of two closely related speciesLeucophaea maderae andHenschoutedenia flexivitta. The biological relationship of each compound and pheromone blend to behavioral response is discussed.
TL;DR: This paper tests the comparative method for an association between the two variables (mating frequency and which sex controls mating opportunities) and the frequencies of the character states are inferred cladistically; the evidence points in the direction that the hypothesis predicts but is not convincing.
Abstract: Female mating frequencies, in different insect species, may be related to which sex is able to control the opportunity for mating, given the species' mating system. The argument assumes that, in most species, males are selected to favour higher female mating frequencies than are females. In some mating systems, such as those in which females release long-range pheromones, females can prevent mating; whereas in others, for example those in which males defend crucial food resources, the males are in a position of control. This paper tests, by the comparative method, for an association between the two variables (mating frequency and which sex controls mating opportunities); the frequencies of the character states are inferred cladistically. The insects as a whole generate 22 trials, of which 16 fit the hypothesis and six contradict it; the evidence points in the direction that the hypothesis predicts but is not convincing. 'Control' may be one among several factors influencing the comparative distribution of mating frequencies in female insects. Key-words: Cladism, comparative method, insects, mating frequency, sexual conflict
TL;DR: The labelling experiments suggest that the pheromone components (E)- and (Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetates are biosynthesized from palmitic acid by δ14 desaturation, followed by chain shortening, reduction, and acetylation, the first confirmation of a Δ14 desaturase in an eukaryotic system.
Abstract: Sex pheromone biosynthesis in the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis was studied by topical application of deuterium labelled fatty acids to the pheromone gland. The incorporation of the labelled acids into pheromone components and precursors was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. The labelling experiments suggest that the pheromone components (E)‐ and (Z)‐12‐tetradecenyl acetates are biosynthesized from palmitic acid by δ14 desaturation, followed by chain shortening (β‐oxidation), reduction, and acetylation. This is the first confirmation of a Δ14 desaturase in an eukaryotic system.
TL;DR: Mating response was greatest at the species-specific ratio of the two components, but males were also significantly responsive to mixtures mimicking the sex pheromone of other species.
Abstract: Summary Sex pheromone released by Megoura viciae oviparae was collected and analysed for the quantity and relative amounts of each of the two biologically active components. Pheromone was not produced until the second day of the adult stadium, increasing in quantity up to day 6 and then declining. The ratio of (-)-(1R, 4aS, 7S, 7aR)-nepetalactol: (+)-(4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone pheromone mixture changed from ca 1:5 on days 2-6 after adult moult to 1:12 on days 7 and 8, but returned to the original composition by day 10. The behaviour of male aphids from three species, Aeyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis fabae, and M. viciae, was observed in an olfactometer and in two mating bioassays, using both synthetic and natural sex pheromone. The two active components were combined in ratios which mimicked the pheromone released by these and other aphid species. It was found that: 1. M. viciae males were attracted by the synthetic sex pheromone in the olfactometer, with maximal attraction to the conspecific ratio. On the other hand, A. pisum and A. fabae males did not respond to any pheromone mixtures in the olfactometer. 2. Males of all three species could be induced to attempt copulation with conspecific virginoparae treated with synthetic pheromone (virginoparae reproduce asexually and do not produce the sex pheromone). The response in M. viciae and A. fabae was equivalent to that elicited by natural pheromone released by calling conspecific oviparae, but in A. pisum it was slightly lower. 3. In M. viciae, the relative activities of the nepetalactol and the nepetalactone were reversed in the two assays. Thus the former was more potent in the mating bioassay, the latter in the olfactometer. The nepetalactol appeared to act as an aphrodisiac and the nepetalactone as an attractant. 4. Mating response was greatest at the species-specific ratio of the two components, but males were also significantly responsive to mixtures mimicking the sex pheromone of other species.
TL;DR: Phospholipase C in the antennae of Periplaneta americana was stimulated by pheromones in a GTP-dependent manner and the stimulatory effect of pherumones on inositol phosphate formation was completely blocked by pertussis toxin suggesting that the phersomone action was mediated via specific G-proteins.
Abstract: Phospholipase C in the antennae of Periplaneta americana was stimulated by pheromones in a GTP-dependent manner. The enzyme activity was potentiated by hydrolysis-resistant analogs of GTP and decreased by GDP analogs. Guanine nucleotide binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins) in antennal preparations were identified by bacterial toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation and immunoreactivity with antibodies of designed specificity. The stimulatory effect of pheromones on inositol phosphate formation was completely blocked by pertussis toxin suggesting that the pheromone action was mediated via specific G-proteins.
TL;DR: Males exposed to host plant odor or to the female sex pheromone (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate are more attractive to females, suggesting stimulation of male pherOMone release.
Abstract: The mate-finding behavior of the cabbage looper moth Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes both female- and male-produced sex pheromones used in distinct mate-finding strategies. Both sexes release multicomponent pheromones attractive to the opposite sex. Male pheromone is comprised of d-linalool, m-cresol, and p-cresol released from abdominal hair pencils. Males exposed to host plant odor or to the female sex pheromone (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate are more attractive to females, suggesting stimulation of male pheromone release.
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: Use of modern gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the identification of insect pheromones, using a minimum of insect material, is described for three extreme cases.
Abstract: Use of modern gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the identification of insect pheromones, using a minimum of insect material, is described for three extreme cases: (i) a mosquito oviposition pheromone: a GC-MS peak but no evidence of activity; (ii) the Siiona lineatus aggregation pheromone: no GC-MS peaks in active region; (iii) aphid sex pheromones: GC-MS peaks associated with activity — the ideal situation.
TL;DR: ODPs show promise for insect control programs, but more information on oviposition behavior in the presence of ODP under field conditions is required.
Abstract: Adult females of several lepidopteran species avoid oviposition near conspecific eggs. Laboratory and field studies indicate that visual factors as well as chemical host markers may be involved in egg avoidance behavior. The oviposition-deterring pheromones (ODP) of two pierids,P. brassicae andP. rapae have been studied in considerable detail. The ODPs are probably produced in the female accessory glands and contain volatile and nonvolatile components. They are perceived by nonspecialized antennal or tarsal receptors, respectively. The ODP ofP. brassicae affects oviposition ofP. rapae females and vice versa. ODPs show promise for insect control programs, but more information on oviposition behavior in the presence of ODP under field conditions is required.