Showing papers on "Social psychology (sociology) published in 1975"
TL;DR: Buss and Scheier as mentioned in this paper constructed a scale to assess individual differences in self-consciou sness and found that self-consciousness has three components: public, private, and social anxiety.
Abstract: A scale was constructed to assess individual differences in self-consciou sness. Norms and test-retest reliability are presented. Factor analysis of the scale revealed that self-consciousness has three components: public, private, and social anxiety. The relationships among these three factors are examined. The scale was found useful in research on social behavior, and its implications for research and therapy are discussed. Self Jawareness is a central concept in several divergent approaches to behavior and life. In psychoanalysi s, increased awareness of the self is both a tool and a goal. Self-examination enables the person to recognize his unconscious thoughts, motives, and defenses; one result of the therapy is increased insight, i.e., greater self-awareness. Rogerian therapy, existential analysis, and a variety of other insight therapies have also emphasized the importance of attending to and understanding one's inner thoughts and feelings. Relatively newer traditions, such as transactional analysis, encounter groups, and sensitivity training, have stressed the value of "getting in touch with oneself" and recognizing how one's behavior affects others. The quest for self-insight may also be seen in the widespread interest in the practice of meditation. Previous interest in self-awarenes s has derived from either a therapeutic orientation or a philosophical approach to life. Recently, self-awareness has been approached from an entirely different perspective—that of social psychology. Argyle (1969) has speculated about the impact of self ^awareness on social interaction, and Duval and Wicklund (1972) have elaborated an entire theory of selfawareness. Laboratory research generated by Duval and Wicklund's theory has examined both the effects of stimuli that direct attention toward the self (mirrors and cameras) Allan Fenigstein is now at Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, and Michael F. Scheier is now at Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Requests for reprints should be sent to Arnold H. Buss, Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712.
3,530 citations
TL;DR: In the origins of sociology, "social control" served as a central concept both for relating sociology to social philosophy and for analyzing total societies as discussed by the authors. But the traditional usage of social control has persisted, the term has been redefined to mean either socialization or social repression.
Abstract: In the origins of sociology, "social control" served as a central concept both for relating sociology to social philosophy and for analyzing total societies. In its classical sense, it referred to the capacity of a social group to regulate itself. The concept supplied a basis for integration of theory and research until the 1930s. While the traditional usage of social control has persisted, the term has been redefined to mean either socialization or social repression. Either the classical meaning must be utilized or a new term must be developed to refer to the capacity of social groups to effect self-regulation if theory and research are to deal with macrosociology under advanced industrialism.
339 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that popularity ratings and perceived psychological adjustment of both passive-dependent men and aggressive-assertive women were adversely affected by sex role reversals, and their findings were discussed in terms of their contribution to recent theories about women's achievement motivation.
288 citations
171 citations
TL;DR: Tajfel as discussed by the authors described a brief encounter with Albert Hirschman, who asked what was I going to talk about at the University of Michigan, and he briefly answered in (I hope) no more than five minutes.
Abstract: As I Ishared until recently the puzzlement of M. Jourdain in not knowing that I was writing prose, it would perhaps be appropriate to introduce these notes with an account of a brief encounter. Early in March 1974, I was spending a few days in Cambridge, Mass., on my way to deliver some lectures at the University of Michigan. When visiting some friends, I met for the first time Albert Hirschman who a little later in the evening asked me the kind of question that no well-drilled academic ever should in such circumtances take seriously or, even less, answer seriously : what was I going to talk about at Ann Arbor? But the question was asked with great courtesy and apparent interest; therefore I briefly answered in (I hope) no more than five minutes. Next morning, Hirschman appeared bearing a &dquo;slim volume&dquo; with the inscription: &dquo;Pour Henri Tajfel, avec le pressentiment d’un dialogue&dquo;. The book was his Exit, voice and loyalty 1. The present notes are a first step towards validating the self-fulfilling prophecy of that inscription. Amongst the major themes of the Ann Arbor lectures (Tajfel, 1974a) 2
159 citations
155 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: A survey of social psychology as a preferred book can be found online in this article by downloading and getting the soft file of the book, which can be used as a reference book.
Abstract: Only for you today! Discover your favourite a survey of social psychology book right here by downloading and getting the soft file of the book. This is not your time to traditionally go to the book stores to buy a book. Here, varieties of book collections are available to download. One of them is this a survey of social psychology as your preferred book. Getting this book b on-line in this site can be realized now by visiting the link page to download. It will be easy. Why should be here?
150 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of boundary-spanning roles (BSA), which serve to link organizations confirmed by research, has been discussed, and they are vital to the effective monitoring of the environment.
Abstract: The article reports on the importance of boundary-spanning roles (BSA), which serve to link organizations confirmed by research. They are vital to the effective monitoring of the environment as wel...
138 citations
138 citations
01 Aug 1975
TL;DR: The early writers on leadership belonged to two major schools as mentioned in this paper : the environmentalists regarded leadership as a product of circumstance and a focus of group activities, and the personalist explained l...
Abstract: The earliest writers on leadership belonged to two major schools. The environmentalists regarded leadership as a product of circumstance and a focus of group activities. The personalist explained l...
TL;DR: The title of this paper would be more nearly accurate if it had been changed to "A Social Psychologist Turned Demographer Tries to Understand What Is Happening to Marriage and Living Arrangements in the United States Today" as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The title of this paper would be more nearly accurate if it had been changed to "A Social Psychologist Turned Demographer Tries to Understand What Is Happening to Marriage and Living Arrangements in the United States Today." I was a social psychology major under Professor Kimball Young (grandson of Brigham Young) at the University of Wisconsin during the mid-1930's when about the only thing that an undergraduate major could find to do after receiving a B.A. degree was to go to graduate school. My greatest ambition had been to do research on attitudes toward various types of social, economic, and religious behavior to learn more about the extent to which people of a given socioeconomic level who assert liberal or con-
TL;DR: The conflict between applied and theoretical social psychology is reviewed in this article, where it is argued that applied-theoretical distinction is a pernicious one which diverts attention from more basic issues of generality and validity and that the applicability of mainstream social psychology was disappointingly slight.
Abstract: The conflict between applied and theoretical social psychology is reviewed. It is argued both that this applied-theoretical distinction is a pernicious one which diverts attention from more basic issues of generality and validity and that the applicability of mainstream social psychology is disappointingly slight. While developments in statistical techniques and computer data processing have increased the opportunities for larger- scale, multivariate research which may reflect more accu rately the complexities of the natural world, most reports in the major journals of the field continue to be of small, laboratory experiments using college students as subjects. The prospects for future change in orientation are discussed.
Book•
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: Come with us to read a new book that is coming recently, this is a new coming book that many people really want to read will you be one of them?
Abstract: Come with us to read a new book that is coming recently. Yeah, this is a new coming book that many people really want to read will you be one of them? Of course, you should be. It will not make you feel so hard to enjoy your life. Even some people think that reading is a hard to do, you must be sure that you can do it. Hard will be felt when you have no ideas about what kind of book to read. Or sometimes, your reading material is not interesting enough.
TL;DR: In this paper, no significant differences were found between nominal and interacting groups in number of items generated, number of unique responses, or quality of responses, thus contradicting previously publish...
Abstract: No significant differences were found between nominal and interacting groups in number of items generated, number of unique responses, or quality of responses, thus contradicting previously publish...
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of adjustment in family purchase decision making has been investigated and empirical support is provided by a cross-sales cross-culture cross-reference study with social psychology, sociology, and marketing.
Abstract: Research from social psychology, sociology, and marketing suggests the importance of the process of adjustment in family purchase decision making. Further empirical support is provided by a cross-s...
TL;DR: The legal system not only reflects and codifies this conception of childhood, but shapes the social reality in which children-and adults-live their daily lives as mentioned in this paper, and the legal system sometimes are based on beliefs so mundane and commonplace as not to need any systematic confirmation.
Abstract: Policies and decisions concerning children ultimately derive from conceptions of childhood. Those who make such decisions must premise their choices on ideas about children's needs and capacities, how these change with age, what circumstances are good or bad for growing children, and some notion of where to draw the line between childhood and adulthood. These beliefs are not usually stated explicitly; most often they are tacitly assumed; Kalven has observed that legal systems sometimes are based on "premises so mundane and commonplace as not to need any systematic confirmation."1 Contemporary American society shares a particular conception of childhood. Spanning the years from birth to the late teens, childhood is assumed to be a distinct era of life, having its own psychology and special needs and requiring special institutions. Although childhood is subdivided into different age-linked stages, the distinguishing feature of all of childhood is incompetence. The legal system not only reflects and codifies this conception of childhood, but shapes the social reality in which children-and adultslive their daily lives. It presumes that children are "incomplete beings who are not fully competent to determine and safeguard their interests. ' 2 Thus legal restrictions prevent persons below certain ages from engaging in various activities-voting, working full time, driving, buying liquor, entering into contracts, marrying. Other laws require persons between the ages of six and sixteen years or thereabouts to attend school and to remain under the supervision and control of parents until reaching majority. The other major formal codification of concepts of childhood, apart from the law, is found in the literature of developmental psychology. Although there are many fundamental similarities between legal and psycho-
TL;DR: The authors suggests that the processes underlying social behavior may be relatively stable, but that they operate on an endless variety of social contents (conditions) to yield the diverse social behaviors and relation ships that we observe.
Abstract: A recent article by Gergen suggests that social psychology cannot reasonably aspire to the general time-independent laws that are characteristic of the physical sciences. Consideration of this thesis suggests that the underlying rationale may place undue reliance on the effects of psychological enlightenment, and on the individual's needs to demonstrate his behavioral freedom and uniqueness. A tentative generali zation suggests that the processes underlying social behavior may be relatively stable, but that they operate on an endless variety of social contents (conditions) to yield the diverse social behaviors and relation ships that we observe.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of Defendant Attractiveness, Age, and Injury on Severity of Sentence given by Simulated Jurors was investigated and the authors concluded that the effect depends on the Defendant's attractiveness, age, and injury.
Abstract: (1975). Effect of Defendant Attractiveness, Age, and Injury on Severity of Sentence given by Simulated Jurors. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 149-150.
TL;DR: This article made an initial statement on the importance of the concept of the other in sociology and social psychology, and then examined the place this concept plays in the essential thought of Alfonso et al.
Abstract: This paper makes an initial statement on the importance of the concept of the other in sociology and social psychology and then examines the place this concept plays in the essential thought of Alf...
TL;DR: The performance of internals was found to be unaffected by motivational manipulations; purpose together with reward improved the performance of mediums: reward and purpose (individually and together) improved theperformance of externals.
Abstract: The Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire was used to classify 248 fourth- and fifth-graders as internals, mediums, and externals on the internal-external locus of control personality dimension. Subjects were assigned to four treatment groups resulting from the manipulation of intrinsic (purpose vs. non purpose) and extrinsic (reward vs. no reward) motivational conditions and administered a coding task with number of figures coded as the dependent variable. An analysis of variance with IE, reward, purpose, sex, and grade as factors yielded significant purpose, sex, grade, and IE X Reward X Purpose effects. The performance of internals was found to be unaffected by motivational manipulations; purpose together with reward improved the performance of mediums: reward and purpose (individually and together) improved the performance of externals. Implications for future investigation of the IE construct and the social psychology of psychological research were discussed.