Showing papers on "Sodium sulfite published in 2006"

Extrusion of feather keratin

Abstract: Keratin obtained from poultry feathers was extruded at 120°C using a combination of glycerol, water, and sodium sulfite as processing aids. Rheological proper- ties were assessed as a function of water, glycerol, and sodium sulfite content as well as extruder die temperature. The lowest viscosity blends at a constant feather keratin concentration of 60 wt % were found at glycerol concentra- tions that were higher than the water concentration and sodium sulfite concentrations of 3- 4 wt % of the feather keratin fraction. For the melt state, higher or lower sodium sulfite concentrations resulted in increased viscosity. In the solid state, it was observed that processing induced orien- tation increased the tensile properties of the extrudates. Raman spectroscopy and DSC showed that there was a transition from -helix to -sheet at sodium sulfite concen- trations of less than 4 wt %. At greater sodium sulfite con- centration, increased crystallinity was found, because kera- tin chains could be extended more during processing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1432-1442, 2006

Towards high capacity latex-coated porous polymer monoliths as ion-exchange stationary phases.

Abstract: The preparation of high capacity agglomerated monolithic ion-exchangers for capillary ion chromatography is described. Post-modification of reactive monoliths was investigated as an alternative to co-polymerisation of a suitable functional monomer with an overarching goal of increasing ion-exchange capacity. Direct sulfonation of poly styrene-co-divinyl benzene monoliths using concentrated sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid was unsuccessful even for monoliths containing as low as 8% crosslinker. In contrast, chemical transformation of reactive monoliths containing glycidyl methacrylate was used to increase the ion-exchange capacity by up to more than thirty-fold with ion exchange capacities of 14–29 µequiv g−1 achieved. Three different reactions were considered, including reaction with 4-hydroxybenenesulfonic acid under basic conditions; reaction with thiobenzoic acid followed by transformation to a reactive thiol and the subsequent oxidation to the sulfonic acid; and direct sulfonation with sodium sulfite. Of these, the reaction with sodium sulfite resulted in the most significant increase in the capacity and the best separation performance. In the isocratic mode separation efficiencies of over 13500 plates m−1 were observed (for iodate). The separation of seven inorganic anions was also demonstrated using a hydroxide gradient.

Kinetics of renin inhibition by sodium houttuyfonate analogs.

Abstract: A series of chemical analogs of sodium houttuynin, the major constituent in the volatile oil of the perennial plant Houttuynia cordata Thunb, were studied for in vitro inhibition of renin activity. At a reaction concentration of 0.196 mg/ml, each of the sodium houttuynin analogs (SHAs), viz., hexanoyl acetal sodium sulfite (SHA-C6), octanoyl acetal sodium sulfite (SHA-C8), decanoyl acetal sodium sulfite (SHA-C10), dodecanoyl acetal sodium sulfite (SHA-C12) and tetradecanoyl acetal sodium sulfite (SHA-C14), inhibited renin activity up to 34.37%, 44.03%, 79.33%, 83.04%, and 93.19% respectively. The IC50 values (the concentration of SHA that is required to reduce renin activity by 50%) of the most potent analogs were 273, 195, and 44 μM for SHA-C10, SHA-C12, and SHA-C14 respectively. Kinetic studies with SHA-14 indicated a linear mixed-type of enzyme inhibition with a K i value of 45.35 μM. It was concluded that the SHAs constitute potentially useful ingredients for the formulation of antihypertensive products.

Dissolution of fibre material in alkaline pre-treatment and refining of spruce CTMP

Abstract: The chemistry of chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP) was assessed by chemical pre-treatment of spruce chips, followed by laboratory-scale refining. Pre-treatments with alkali, sulfite, alkaline sulfite and alkaline peroxide liquors were carried out at 40°C, 60°C and 80°C. The sodium hydroxide dosages were 1% and 2% and the sodium sulfite and hydrogen peroxide dosages were 2%, 4% and 6% on a dry wood basis. Process water samples were taken before and after refining. Alkali consumption in the pre-treatments and the amount and composition of released wood components were determined. A major part of the alkali was consumed in the alkaline and alkaline sulfite pre-treatments. In the alkaline peroxide pre-treatments, however, alkali consumption was considerably lower. Acetic acid was the main wood component released to the process waters in alkaline pre-treatments. Pectins, determined as galacturonic acid and rhamnose by acid methanolysis, were also released to some extent, as well as easily soluble polysaccharides. After fibre separation in refining, more hemicelluloses and pectins were released. There was a significant difference between the degree of demethylation for pectins and the degree of deacetylation for galactoglucomannans after the pre-treatments. The diffusion of chemicals into the secondary wall layers seemed to be slower than the liquor penetration into the porous middle lamella through the pit pores. Up to 10% of the pectins were dissolved in the process waters as a result of depolymerisation and extensive demethylation. The residual amount of pectins in the fibres, however, was determined to be as low as 65-70% of the initial pectin content.

Chromium Redox Chemistry in Drinking Water Systems

Abstract: In order to understand the redox chemistry of chromium at low concentrations (100 μg∕L) under conditions typically found in drinking water systems, three reductants and four oxidants were tested in three different waters at pH 5, 7, and 9. In the absence of any oxidant or reductant, Cr(VI) was stable at all three pHs, while Cr(III) precipitated out of solution at pH 9 and greatly impacted the reduction reactions. Stannous chloride was more effective than sodium sulfite or sodium sulfide for reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Sulfide is not likely to be used as a reductant due to the long reaction time (120 h) to achieve the same reduction as Sn Cl2 , while sulfite may be effective at higher doses. The oxidation of Cr(III) by dissolved oxygen and chloramine was very slow, while Cl2 and KMn O4 were effective oxidants under many conditions. A Cl2 residual in a drinking water distribution system may oxidize any soluble Cr(III) to Cr(VI) because of the long contact time, so Cr treatment strategies will need to remove...

Effect of sodium sulfite on mast cell degranulation and oxidant stress.

Abstract: Background Sulfur dioxide is 1 of 6 environmental pollutants monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency. Its ability to induce bronchoconstriction is well documented. It is highly soluble, initially forming sulfite ions in solution. Sulfur oxides are important constituents of other pollutants, such as diesel exhaust and fine particulates. Objective To investigate the cellular responses of sulfite on cultured mast cells (rat basophilic leukemia [RBL-2H3] cells) and human peripheral blood basophils. Methods Sulfite-induced mast cell degranulation and intracellular production of reactive oxygen species were evaluated in the presence and absence of antioxidants and inhibitors of redox metabolism. Degranulation was determined using β-hexosaminidase, serotonin, and histamine release assays. Induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species generation was determined using the redox-sensitive dye 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Results Sodium sulfite induced degranulation and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in RBL-2H3 cells. These responses were inhibited by the free radical scavenger tetramethylthiourea and the flavoenzyme inhibitor diphenyliodinium but not by depletion of extracellular calcium. Peripheral blood basophils also showed histamine release after exposure to sodium sulfite Conclusions Sulfite, the aqueous ion of sulfur dioxide, induces cellular activation, leading to degranulation in mast cells through a non-IgE-dependent pathway. The response also differs from IgE-mediated degranulation in that it is insensitive to the influx of extracellular calcium. The putative pathway seems to rely on activation of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complex, leading to intracellular oxidative stress.

Copper(I) coordination compounds with closo-dodecaborate anion

Abstract: Copper(I) complexes with a closo-dodecaborate anion were synthesized: Cat[CuB12H12], where Cat = Cs+, Ph4P+, Ph4As+, or R x NH 4− + (R = Me, Et, Pr, or Bu; x = 3 or 4). The complexes were synthesized from the copper(II)-closo-dodecaborate-sulfur dioxide (sodium sulfite) system. The structure of [Cu2(NCCH3)4B12H12] was determined using X-ray crystallography.

Cement reinforcement agent, its preparation and application

Abstract: The invention discloses a cement reinforcing agent, which mainly comprises triethanolamine 2-4%, glycerol 3-5%, diethylene glycol 8-15%, sugar 15-20%, anhydrous sodium sulfite 2-4% and water.

Preparation of high molecular weight anion polyacrylamide

Abstract: Production of anionic polyacrylamide with high molecular weight is carried out by adding into 15-26% hydrolytic reagent sodium carbonate, multiple initiating agent with oxidant, reducer, ammonia water and water soluble azo initiating agent, oxidant is sulfate with 0.0001-0.5%, reducer is sulfite, sodium sulfite, ammonium sulfite, potassium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, offset sodium sulfite, offset potassium sulfite with 0.0005-0.25%, or it is organic amine, such as ethylenediamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, aminoethyl alcohol, pyridine, 4-cyano pyridine with 0.01-1.0%, water soluble azo initiating agent is 2,2,-azodi(2-methyl propyl ether)dimuriate, 4,4,-azodi(4-cyano pentanoic acid) with 0.001-0.5%, ammonia water with 0.005-0.20%, chain transfer agent is beta-dimethybutylcyan with 0.005-0.20%, initiating temperature is 5-25 Deg C., thermal insulating polymerizing for 2-6hrs, hydrolyzing for 3-5hrs, granulating, drying and breaking to obtain product with molecular weight>2000 million. It achieves better solubility and less insolubles.

A process for producing silica and sodium sulfite with sodium sulfate

Abstract: A method is provided to produce silica and sodium sulfite with sodium sulfate, wherein a mixture of quartz sand, sodium sulfate and carbon is reacted to produce solid sodium silicate and sulfur dioxide; said solid sodium silicate is dissolved in water and then filtered to obtain a sodium silicate solution; said sodium silicate solution is brought into contact with the sulfur dioxide to produce precipitated silica and sodium sulfite solution; the resultant mixture is filtered; the filter cake is acidified and then goes through filtration, washing and drying to obtain silica; and the filtrate is concentrated and dried to get sodium sulfite. The process of the present invention has great value due to its simple steps, low production cost and reduction of environmental problems.

Method for rapid detecting sodium sulfoxylate formaldehyde in foodstuff

Abstract: This invention relates to one rapid test method of sodium sulfoxylate formaldehyde in food, which comprises the following steps: a, preparing sample and smashing the food to be tested for dipping and filtering for use; b, formaldehyde testing and using the reaction between the formaldehyde and sodium sulfite to generate OH- and according to the characteristics of product, judging by the color developing method of thymol phthalein and semi-determining the content by electrometric method; c, sodium acid sulfite testing: using amidon as indicator and generating Na2SO4 and I- to turning the solution from blue to none to judge whether there is NaHSO3.

Alkaline treatment of sulfited tannin-based adhesive from mangrove to increase bond integrity of beech slips

Abstract: PARIDAH, M. T. & MUSGRAVE, O. C. 2006. Alkaline treatment of sulfited tannin-based adhesive from mangrove to increase bond integrity of beech slips. Sulfited tannin solutions were prepared by extracting Rhizophora mucronata and R. apiculata barks with 4% aqueous sodium sulfite and 0.4% aqueous sodium carbonate at 100 °C for two hours. The sulfited tannin solutions were pre-treated with 50% sodium hydroxide at various amounts, and kept at 1 min, 5 min, 60 min or 24 hours prior to mixing with phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) resin for bonding beech slips. Two types of bonding techniques were used: (1) normal, one-component and (2) honeymoon, two-component adhesive mixtures. The adhesive mixtures were evaluated for pH, water resistance property and gel time. The bond integrity of the jointed beech slips was assessed based on shear strength and wood failure percentage. The study showed that the amount of aqueous sodium hydroxide added to the sulfited-tannin solution had significant effects on viscosities of the final adhesive mix, consequently influencing the penetration of the adhesive into the wood surface. The amount of sodium hydroxide used depended on the type of tannin; R. mucronata tannin adhesive required 2‐4% and R. apiculata 0‐2%. However, the viscosity of adhesive made from mixed R. mucronata-R. apiculata tannin was not affected by the amount of sodium hydroxide added. The pre-treatment with sodium hydroxide had successfully increased the gel time of this adhesive to an acceptable working condition for honeymoon bonding technique. This technique improved the gluebond quality of the PRF-sulfited tannin-bonded joints by at least 20%.

Concrete additive of herb lignosulfonate

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing herbal lignin sulfonate concrete additive (including common water reducing agent and retardation high efficiency water reducing agent for concrete) by using liquor in herbage alkali-method paper production The preparation for the common water reducing agent comprises carrying out sulfonation reaction to the black liquor and sodium sulfite at 75-95 deg C at the presence of catalyst, the preparation of the retardation high efficiency water reducing agent comprises breaking the lignin molecular bond with oxidizing agent, then carrying out polymerization, and sulphonation reaction

Methionine is the Methyl Group Donor for Sulfite-Associated Methanethiol Formation in Isolated Soy Proteins

Abstract: Addition of 3.2 mM sodium sulfite resulted in a 5.1-time higher amount of methanethiol in aqueous slurries of isolated soy proteins (ISP) over the corresponding controls after being stirred for 60 min. Introduction of 4.0 mM methionine to the slurries induced a 2.7-time increase. However, when both sodium sulfite (3.2 mM) and methionine (4.0 mM) were added, a 25.7-time higher amount in methanethiol concentration was observed. Similar results were obtained when sodium sulfite and methionine were added to a partially purified protein fraction prepared from defatted soy flakes. Mass spectra of the methanethiol formed with addition of L-methionine-methyl-13C1 and unlabeled sulfite showed that the carbon-13 labeled methyl group was actually integrated into methanethiol. But no incorporation of isotopic sulfur was observed when 34S-labeled sodium sulfite was applied. The free methionine contents in commercial and lab-prepared ISP and in-process protein extracts ranged from 10.34 μg/g to 52.74 μg/g, which were not proportional to the indigenous methanethiol contents. Results from the current study showed that methionine is an important methyl group donor for methanethiol in ISP associated with sulfite as a reducing agent.

Application of Methods for the Detoxification and Neutralization of Formalin in Fish Hatchery Effluents

Abstract: Sodium sulfite, Neutralex, hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen peroxide with a ferric iron catalyst were studied for potential application in reducing formalin in effluents from aquaculture facilities The neutralization capacity of each method was examined at formalin concentrations that are typically found in effluents from fish hatcheries that utilize formalin to control ectoparasite infestations on fish The toxicities of the products were also evaluated A 75% reduction in formalin concentration was observed within the first 10 min after the addition of sodium sulfite at a 3:1 (sodium sulfite : formalin) mass treatment ratio The addition of Neutralex to test solutions at a 6:1 (Neutralex : formalin) mass treatment ratio reduced the formalin concentration by approximately 90% of initial values within 10 min and completely eliminated formalin within 20 min Degradation of formalin was not successful under the test conditions using hydrogen peroxide alone or in combination with a ferric iron catal

Process for preparing poly carboxylic acid modified fatty water-reducing agent

Abstract: The preparation process of polycarboxylic acid modified fatty water-reducing agent includes preparing polycarboxylic acid modifier; and further reaction with sodium hydroxide hydrate, sodium sulfite, acetone and formaldehyde solution to obtain product. The water-reducing agent has high water-reducing rate, stable performance, simple production process and other advantages.

Method for processing drinking water of replacing disinfecting action of medicament

Abstract: This invention provides a method for treating drinking water capable of replacing antiseptic agent. The equipment comprises a mixing reactor, a flocculating reactor, a complex double-layer filter column, a hyperfiltration membrane filter, and a clean water container. The high-performance composite flocculants comprise: potassium permanganate 20-30 wt.%, ferrous sulfate 5-10 wt.%, ferric sulfate 30-40 wt.%, sodium sulfite 5-10 wt.%, polyacrylamide 1-3 wt.%, calcium hydroxide 0-3 wt.%, calcium chloride 1-4 wt.%, magnesium sulfate 0-3 wt.%, and sodium silicate 5-10 wt.%. The complex filtering column comprises an upper active alumina layer, a middle quartz sand layer, and a lower supporting layer. The hyperfiltration membrane is a hollow fiber membrane. This invention does not need any sterilizing unit, and can keep the biostability of the effluent water.

Study on Stability of Baicalein

Abstract: The effects of light,temperature,pH,vitamin C and sodium sulfite on the stability of Baicalein were studied by UV-Vis spectrum.The absorbency intensity of Baicalein at 272nm obviously decreases in 8hr in the condition of keeping the solution at the room-temperature, while acid Baicalein solution can stabilize for 6hr.At the high temperature or in the dark,or in pH 10 the additions of small amounts of vitamin C or sodium sulfite can stabilize the solution.

Method for preparing anhydrous sodium sulfite using industrial by-product anhydrous sodium sulfate

Abstract: The process of preparing anhydrous sodium sulfite with industrially co-produced anhydrous sodium sulfate includes: introducing SO2 gas produced through burning sulfur in air into the acidifying unit for reaction with suspension inside the acidifying unit, adding industrially co-produced anhydrous sodium sulfate in certain amount, filtering out calcium sulfate precipitate to obtain sodium sulfite, adding certain amount of sodium carbonate via stirring to obtain sodium sulfite solution, centrifugally separating to eliminate impurity to obtain refined sodium sulfite solution, vacuum evaporation to concentrate, crystallization, separating mother liquid and vacuum drying to obtain anhydrous sodium sulfite product, and reusing the condensated water and mother liquid. The process utilizes the industrially co-produced anhydrous sodium sulfate effectively, and is environment friendly.

A process for producing silica, sodium sulfite and sodium hydrogen sulfite with sodium sulfate

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing silica, sodium sulfite and sodium hydrogen sulfite with sodium sulfate, wherein quartz sand, sodium sulfate and carbon are mixed and charged into a furnace for reaction and the obtained solid sodium silicate and sulfur dioxide are used to prepare silica, sodium sulfite and sodium hydrogen sulfite according to the following steps: 1) To produce silica: said solid sodium silicate is dissolved in water and filtered to produce a water glass solution; then sulfuric acid is reacted with said water glass solution to produce precipitated silica and sodium sulfate; and the precipitated silica is washed, filtered, liquefied and dried to produce silica; 2) To produce sodium sulfite: soda is added into a sodium hydrogen sulfite solution to produce sodium sulfite solution; one part of said sodium sulfite solution is concentrated and evaporated to obtain dry sodium sulfite; and the other part of the sodium sulfite solution is reacted with the sulfur dioxide produced during the production of the sodium silicate to produce sodium hydrogen sulfite solution, which can be recycled and reused in step (2); 3) To produce sodium hydrogen sulfite: soda is added into a sodium hydrogen sulfite solution followed by reacting with the sulfur dioxide produced during the production of the sodium silicate to produce a supersaturated sodium hydrogen sulfite solution, which is crystallized and dried to obtain a dry solid sodium hydrogen sulfite. The process of the present invention produces various products at low production cost and without causing environmental problems, and thus it has great practical value.

Moxifloxaci gelatin capsule and preparation process thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a moxifloxacin gelatin capsule, whose contents comprises moxifloxacin or its salts and/or its hydrate and additive, the additive is at least one selected from the following substances: sodium sulfite, sodium acid sulfite, low-molecular proanthocyanidin, L-glutathion, sesame polyphenols, green tea polyphenols, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, beta-carotene, soybean isoflavones, L-sulfo-aminolactic acid, pyrophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid and their medicinal salts.

Tech. for squeezing juice from Nanguoli pear

Abstract: A process for extracting the juice from Nanguo pear includes such steps as low-temp treating at 0-1 deg.C, waiting for being ripe, choosing, washing, immersing by adding the solution of sodium D-isoascorbate and sodium phytate, crushing-squeezing while adding the solution of sodium D-isoascorbate and sodium sulfite, clarifying, taking supernatant, regulating pH value and sugariness, filtering, sterilizing and filling it in containers.

Processing method for mother solution and solium sulfite solution in naphthol production

Abstract: The present invention relates to method of treating mother solution and sodium sulfite solution in production process of naphthol including sulfonation, neutralization, liquid-solid separation, alkali fusion, acidification, boiling separation, drying distillation, crystallization and other steps. The present invention features the dilution after alkali fusion with the mother solution after neutralization and liquid-solid separation or the sodium sulfite solution after boiling separation and cooling and pressure filtering as the diluent; and the filtering and washing step set between the diluting step and the acidifying step to separate out solid salt. The present invention has the advantages of the utilization of high temperature heat of the alkali fusion matter for separating out sodium sulfite and other slats, lowered water, steam and sulfuric acid consumption, reduced naphthol loss and raised yield.

Process for determining vanadium content in desulfurizing liquid

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting the vanadium content of desulfurized liquid, belonging to the technique of gas desulfurize purification, which can use light split photometric method to measure the vanadium content of desulfurized liquid. It is characterized in that: it uses light split photometric method to measure the vanadium content of desulfurized liquid, while needing the raw materials as: sodium acetate, tannic acid, vitriol, sodium sulfite, and sodium metavanadate standard solution, and the needd devices comprise: spectrophotometer. The inventive method is simple which only adds one spectrophotometer, and adjusts the wavelength to 590nm, and adjust other parameters as pH valve according to the actual condition, then dilutes the desulfurize solution, draws the standard curve to make regress equation, marks the light adsorption degrees of unknown desulfurize solution, and find the vanadium content according to the standard curve. The invention has high accuracy, 100% recycled rate, and 1% relative error.

Residual Sulfur Metabolites in Isolated Soy Proteins: Sulfite to Cysteine

Abstract: Mean methanethiol headspace concentrations above aqueous slurries of isolated soy proteins (ISP) increased 17-to 36-fold over the controls with the addition of L-cysteine. Corresponding hydrogen sulfide levels were also greatly increased. Dithiothreitol, sodium sulfite, and glutathione increased headspace methanethiol from aqueous ISPs 23-to 44-fold, 8-to 9-fold, and 5-fold, respectively, but did not elevate hydrogen sulfide. These observations, along with the effects from the addition of dithiothreitol/O-acetyl-serine, the addition of a pyridoxial phosphate inhibitor and the intrinsic sulfite content of ISP samples (22 to 31 ppm), indicate that methanethiol from soy proteins is formed by way of components of a sulfite-to-cysteine pathway.