Showing papers on "Solenoid published in 1992"

A solenoid retarding spectrometer with high resolution and transmission for keV electrons

Abstract: We have built an electrostatic electron spectrometer combining both high resolution and large luminosity. The instrument consists essentially of two superconducting solenoids separated by a system of ring electrodes of 4 m in length. Source and detector are placed in the high-field regions of the superconducting solenoids, whereas the repellent analyzing electrostatic potential of the ring electrodes peaks at the minimum of the magnetic field in between these solenoids. The magnetic guiding field provides (i) the acceptance of the full foreward solid angle of 2π, (ii) the transformation of the transverse cyclotron motion into longitudinal motion parallel to the magnetic field. The energy resolution of the electrostatic filter is determined by the ratio of the magnetic fields at the source and in the analyzing plane. It is typically 5 × 10 3 in our case. The spectrometer will serve first of all to investigate the limits of the rest mass of the electron antineutrino from 3 H 2 s-decay. It has been tested by measuring conversion lines from a 83m Kr source which yielded an energy of Eγ = 32151.5(11) eV for the corresponding nuclear transition.

Optimized helical resonator for plasma processing

Abstract: An optimized helical resonator which increases the plasma density for efficient processing of semiconductor wafers is characterized by a low inductance and, hence, a low Q. A first embodiment uses either a distributed or lumped capacitance to reduce the value of ωL to less than about 200 Ohms. A second embodiment uses a flat spiral coil having a low value of ωL and resonant as a 1/4 or 1/2 wave resonator. A third embodiment combines features of the first two embodiments using both spiral and solenoid coils as the helical resonator.

Models of a Pneumatic PWM Solenoid Valve for Engineering Applications

Abstract: PWM (Pulse width modulated) solenoid valves possess the advantages of low cost, high flow rate gain, and simple structure. However, the use of a PWM solenoid valve causes both discontinuity and nonlinearity of the flow rate; this results in difficulties of modeling and of control. This paper presents our work on modelling a pneumatic PWM solenoid valve for engineering applications

High-density plasma-processing tool with toroidal magnetic field

Abstract: A high-density plasma-processing reactor with a processing chamber configuration which closes upon itself The reactor applies a toroidal magnetic field to the plasma discharge which creates magnetic field lines which close upon themselves thereby preventing the magnetized plasma electrons traveling along these magnetic field lines from diffusing to the chamber wall or adjacent magnetic field lines This electron confinement scheme is expected to result in a plasma density in the 10 12 to 10 13 cm -3 range The high density plasma processing reactor includes a plasma processing chamber which forms an enclosed configuration mounted within a plurality of toroidal solenoid coils and containing a plurality of plasma source regions

Monitor and control circuit for electric surface controlled subsurface valve system

Abstract: A control system for applying power to a solenoid operated valve in a well completion within a borehole. The control system includes a programmable power supply for selectively applying electric power to a solenoid coil of the valve. The control system operates to apply a higher value of current to the solenoid to open the valve and a second lower value of current to maintain the operation of the solenoid in an open state and also to interrupt all current to the solenoid to close the valve. A timer controls the length of time the higher current value can be applied to the solenoid if the valve does not open and the length of delay time which must be included before again attempting to open the valve. The control system continuously monitors the state of actuation of the valve by means of an inductance monitor for determining the position of the armature of the solenoid and, thus, the state of the valve.

Electromagnetic thrust bearing for coupling a rotatable member to a stationary member

Abstract: An electromagnetic thrust bearing couples a rotatable member relative to a stationary member utilizing a combination of arcuately shaped constant flux permanent magnets and controllable electromagnets, each physically associated with the stationary member. More particularly, the rotatable member comprises a shaft having a radially extending thrust disc fixed thereto. A pair of solenoids are disposed about the rotatable member in facing relation on opposite sides of the thrust disc. The facing solenoids are capable of generating a controllable electromagnetic field. A constant flux high density magnetic field is generated between the solenoid housings and the thrust disc by a pair of axially polarized arcuately shaped permanent magnets disposed on each side of the thrust disc. Each pair of permanent magnets has an inner magnet and an outer magnet radially separated from one another. Each permanent magnet is linked magnetically to the adjacent solenoid housing by respective ferromagnetic pole pieces. A sensor determines the axial positioning of the rotatable member relative to the stationary member and provides input for controlling the positioning of the thrust disc by varying the magnetic flux generated by the solenoids.

Dual wound trip solenoid

Abstract: A multiple-pole ground fault interrupter, enclosed in an insulated housing, formed with multiple compartments, includes ground fault detection circuitry for detecting ground fault current that can be a personnel hazard. The ground fault interrupter includes a single trip solenoid assembly having multiple windings, each winding corresponding to one of the poles. The trip solenoid is mounted on a printed circuit board and electrically connected to the ground fault detection circuitry disposed thereon. The printed circuit board together with the trip solenoid assembly is disposed in a single compartment which reduces the amount of interconnection wiring between compartments, which, in turn, results in a reduced cost to manufacture the device. The use of a single trip solenoid assembly also results in the use of less components which further reduces the cost of manufacturing the device.

Artificial sphincter, especially urethral (urinary) sphincter

Abstract: A clamp (10) positioned on the canal to be closed can be opened using a solenoid (2) attracting one of its branches (4), the energy necessary for its operation, transmitted through wires (75), being produced by an energy sensor (7) placed in the body and capable, on the one hand, of picking up a wave capable of transporting energy coming from the outside, and, on the other hand, converting it into useful energy.

A fully integrated micromagnetic actuator with a multilevel meander magnetic core

Abstract: To generate and to confine a magnetic flux in the magnetic core and at the same time minimize coil series resistance, low-resistance meander conductors located in a single plane were interwoven with multilevel meander magnetic cores. This 'wrapped' solenoid (with the core wrapped around the conductor) was fabricated in a fully integrated fashion. A micromagnetic actuator was realized by incorporating a surface micromachined nickel-iron cantilever beam as part of the magnetic circuit of the core. The nickel-iron cantilever beam was 2.5 mu m thick, 25 mu m wide and 780 mu m long, and the magnetic circuit contained 17 turns of meander type solenoid coils. Tip deflection of 4 mu m in the vertical direction was achieved when a DC voltage less than 1 V (and resulting drive current of 600 mA) was applied to the coils. This fully integrated multilevel topology offers a variety of micromagnetic applications, which can be fabricated on the same substrate with an integrated circuit and actuated with low voltages. >

Automatic transmission control system

Abstract: An electrically controlled multiple ratio transmission for an automotive vehicle powertrain having a hydrokinetic torque converter with a bypass clutch, solenoid operated shift valves under the control of an electronic microprocessor that receives signals from an output shaft speed sensor, an engine speed sensor, a driver controlled drive range selector position, an engine throttle position sensor, and other powertrain operating variables, the solenoid shift valves forming a part of a simplified control valve circuit having a minimum number of shift valve elements and simplified circuit pressure modifier elements for effecting optimum pressures in fluid pressure operated servos for the transmission clutches and brakes during ratio changes, the bypass clutch having a controlled slip characteristic.

Two-part sensor with transformer power coupling and optical signal coupling

Abstract: A two-part sensor includes a power source/signal receiver and a signal generator which are physically spaced and disconnected from one another. The power source/signal receiver is encased within transparent encapsulating material and includes an annular solenoid core with an aperture, a coil around the core and a photodiode mounted in the aperture. The photodiode detects a modulated light beam received from the signal generator and produces an output information signal. The solenoid coil produces a fluctuating magnetic field when connected to a power supply. The signal generator is encased within transparent encapsulating material and includes an annular relay coil with an aperture, a coil around the core, a transducer circuit and an LED mounted within the aperture. The relay coil provides a signal generator supply potential when positioned within the magnetic field produced by the power source/signal receiver. The supply potential powers the transducer circuit and the LED. The transducer circuit generates a modulated transducer signal as a function of a sensed parameter. The LED is coupled to the transducer circuit and produces the modulated light beam as a function of the transducer signal.

Magnetic field generating apparatus

Abstract: Magnetic field generating apparatus comprises a solenoid arranged to generate a steady magnetic field gradient along its axis. The arrangement is such that in use contours of constant field are formed within the solenoid. The contours extend generally radially outwardly from the axis of the solenoid and asymmetrically with respect to the centre plane of the solenoid orthogonal to its axis. Regions of substantially homogeneous magnetic field suitable for performing an NMR experiment exist about each contour, the regions having substantially constant thickness along the contours.

Structured coils for NMR applications

Abstract: An approach to the optimized design of high-homogeneity coil systems of the type used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) applications is presented. The approach effectively minimizes parameters such as the coil size in a solenoid magnet, or maximizes the gap/pole diameter ratio in a vertical gap NMR magnet, while preserving uniformity in an exceptionally large volume, resulting in novel coil geometries that have never been tried before. The approach can be applied to cylindrically symmetric coil systems with or without an active shield, as well as to long magnets of the type used in particle accelerators. Several practical examples are presented. >

Precision measurement of the conversion electron spectrum of 83mKr with a solenoid retarding spectrometer

Abstract: This paper reports on precision measurements of conversion lines in the decay of83mKr with nuclear transition energies of 32.1 keV and 9.4 keV, respectively. The spectra were taken from a submonolayer surface of83m Kr frozen onto a cold backing, using the new Mainz solenoid retarding spectrometer. The high luminosity and resolution of this instrument enables the observation of all allowed conversion lines up to theN-shell and to fully separate the elastic component from inelastic satellites. The combined analysis of the data yields the transition energiesE y=32151.5±1.1 eV and 9405.9±0.8 eV, respectively. The experiment served also to pilot the application of this spectrometer to the question of a finite neutrino rest mass, searched for in theβ-decay spectrum of tritium and to problems in precision electron spectroscopy in general.

Elecromechanical release mechanism for a seat assembly

Abstract: An electromechanical release mechanism for a seat assembly is disclosed providing a release mechanism for a mechanical seat adjustment device in which the release mechanism is operated by an electrical switch that can be conveniently located within the motor vehicle in an easy to reach position for a seat occupant. The electromechanical release mechanism includes an electromechanical drive such as a solenoid or electric motor for moving a latch member to release a seat adjuster or seat recliner to enable adjustment of the seat assembly.

Method for compaction of powder-like materials

Abstract: Structure and a method for producing very dense bodies of material from powderous materials. A powderous material is placed within an electrically conductive container. A solenoid encompasses the electrically conductive container, and a large magnitude of electrical current is caused to flow through the solenoid or coil. As the electrical current flows through the solenoid or coil, large magnitudes of pressures are created upon the electrically conductive container, and the electrically conductive container is compressed, and the transverse dimension thereof is reduced. Thus, the powderous material within the electrically conductive container is very firmly compacted. A body of superconductive material of any desired size and shape can be produced by this method by the use of superconducting powderous material.

Circuit to determine response end point of solenoid armature of valve - has pulsed excitation of coil with change in mark to space ratio used to identify response end point

Abstract: A number of solenoid valves (A-N) are operated by a switching circuit that has an inductance (L), capacitor (C), diode (D1) and a switch (S1) controlled by a computer (DR). A second switch (52) coupled to a logic stage (L5) allows the solenoids space ratio varies dependent upon the response of the solenoids and the end point can be detected by monitoring the change. The signal from the solenoid (IR), is compared (K) with the input and is evaluated by the computer. USE/ADVANTAGE - Precise determination of solenoid response end point.

Hydraulic suspension device for automobile

Abstract: A hydraulically adjustable suspension apparatus for an automobile has a proportional type of solenoid operated valve assembly for controlling the pressure or flow rate of a pressurized fluid introduced into a cylinder tube through a fluid passage. The fluid passage is formed in a piston rod so as to communicate a cylinder tube with a hydraulic control circuit. The solenoid operated valve assembly is integrally attached to either the piston rod or the cylinder tube outside of the cylinder tube.

Simulation of ion transport through curved‐solenoid macroparticle filters

Abstract: Ion transport through curved‐solenoid macroparticle filters is investigated using a parabolic potential model of the electric field. Consideration of the ion equations of motion shows that the filter efficiency will increase with the relative radius of curvature of the solenoid and decrease with the relative length of the input region. If the magnetic field is constant in the input region, transport efficiencies of up to 100% are predicted. We argue that the observed effect of axial magnetic field on the angular distribution of ions emitted from the cathode spot can be explained by electric fields changing ion trajectories after emission, rather than a change in spot behavior. Detailed calculations give the energy and angular distributions with which the ions exit the filter. Focusing effects are observed and seen to affect the ion transport−particularly when the ions are not emitted on the filter axis.

Drive train enable-disable vehicle use device

Abstract: An improved motor vehicle transmission locking device for use with automatic transmissions and manual transmissions. The improved locking device utilizes a solenoid which is used to lock into a notch formed on an existing transmission parking shaft to lock the transmission in the parked position. The solenoid is mounted inside of the transmission case and may be activated by an encoder/decoder circuit and may also be activated by a simple switch or lock switch hidden out of sight on the motor vehicle. A modified form of the invention replaces the existing transmission parking shaft with a split shaft and positions the solenoid between the two pieces of the split shaft. This modification then accomplishes the enabling and disabling of the transmission when activated by either the encoder/decoder circuit or by other switching circuits positioned on, and hidden from a thief that may try to steal the motor vehicle.

Enhanced automated splitter shifting with dual solenoid valves and auto fuel control

Abstract: A pneumatic control system (200) for controlling the automated shifting of the splitter section (114) of an automated compound transmission (110) is provided. Shifting of the splitter section is controlled by a differential area piston/cylinder actuator assembly (162) having a first chamber (168A) associated with low-speed operation and a second chamber (170A) associated with high-speed operation. Pressurization and exhaust of each of the chambers is controlled by an individual independently controlled solenoid actuated valve (202 and 204 respectively), each of which operates in response to control signals from an ECU 124.

Armature movement detection circuit

Abstract: A solenoid valve includes a monitoring circuit adapted to sense the current drop that occurs through the solenoid coil (1) when the solenoid armature moves correctly, sensing of the drop being used to cause a neon (11) to glow continuously so as to indicate correct operation of the solenoid. If the drop is not sensed, the neon (11) is caused to blink so as to indicate incorrect operation of the solenoid. The circuit may in addition or alternatively be arranged to generate a voltage signal (12), upon correct operation of the solenoid, for transmission to a remotely located programmable logic controller used to control operation of the valve and like valves that form part of a pneumatically controlled machine.

Solenoid pre-loader

Abstract: The solenoid portion of a solenoid-operated valve is resiliently biased by a pre-loader against an internal shoulder on the valve body to maintain precision of the stator-armature working gap during the useful life of the valve. Several embodiments of pre-loader are disclosed, including a Belleville spring, a wave spring, and an elastomeric ring.

Vacuum braking power intensifier for motor vehicle with intensifier housing - having inner compartment subdivided by movable partition into vacuum and working chambers and control housing carrying moving portion with control valve

Abstract: The control valve (12) is operated by a solenoid (20), independently of an operating rod (7) moving a valve piston (9), which operates a third sealing seat (24), which facilitates the venting of the working chamber (3). So that the separate power to be applied by the solenoid (20), is kept as small as possible, the solenoid (20) is arranged securely fixed to the valve piston (9), movable in the control housing (5), so that the third sealing seat (24) is movable synchronously with the valve piston (9). ADVANTAGE - Makes possible large redn. of separate power applied from solenoid.

Apparatus for pain relief by controlled cranial pressure

Abstract: A plurality of individually controlled pressure applying devices with a scalp contacting member, which are controlled by a computer, is attached to a helmet or a cap-like unit, each over an opening formed at locations which would correspond to the desired pressure points of the scalp. Each of the openings receives a pressure applying device, such as an electrical servo motor, stepmotor, or solenoid, and a hydraulic or pneumatic plunger, etc. The pressure applying device may be non-adjustably or adjustably mounted to the helmet. The pressure applying device can be attached to the helmet in any conventional manner so long as the pressure applying device is rigidly attached to the helmet so that the scalp contacting member can make a firm contact and apply pressure to the scalp. Each of the pressure applying devices is individually controlled, i.e., for time duration and the frequency of pressure application.

Analysis of a circuit breaker solenoid actuator system using the decoupled CAD-FE-integral technique

Abstract: A decoupled three-dimensional CAD (computer-aided-design) finite-element-integral method, combined with the Runge-Kutta method, is offered to determine the dynamic characteristics and design requirements of a circuit breaker solenoid actuator, when energized from a DC supply. The model couples the electric, magnetic, and mechanical systems of the device. The presented solution takes account of the nonlinear magnetic material properties, the dimensions of the magnetic circuit, the coil parameters, and load of the trip mechanism system. The predicted dynamic characteristics from the analysis correlate closely with the results from the test performed on the actuator and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed techniques to the optimization of circuit breaker actuator performance and electromagnetic solenoid design. >

Chemical injector system for hydrocarbon wells

Abstract: A chemical injector system for wells includes a solenoid operated valve delivering bursts of supply gas to a piston driven chemical injector pump. The solenoid valve allows very low cycle rates and also avoids plugging up of the gas supply line because the bursts of supply gas create high enough velocities to keep water and debris moving. A stand having a spike and a plate welded thereto supports the injector pump.

Duty cycle purge control system

Abstract: A method of controlling a purge solenoid for a purge control system of an internal combustion engine is provided. The method includes the steps of determining whether predetermined conditions are right for duty cycling the purge solenoid and turning the purge solenoid OFF if predetermined conditions are not right and obtaining a duty cycle for the purge solenoid based on a duty cycle flow (DCFLOW) if predetermined conditions are right. The method also includes the steps of determining an output level of the purge solenoid based on the obtained duty cycle and controlling the purge solenoid to the obtained duty cycle.

Reciprocating electric motor

Abstract: The rotor of an electric motor is a crank shaft driven through connecting rods by piston-like reciprocating members powered by superconducting electromagnets. The electromagnets can be solenoids of conventional material cryogenically cooled to superconduct. In the preferred embodiment, the solenoids reside in a thermally insulated chamber filled with liquid gas coolant. The reciprocating members each have a head which is a linearly moveable core of a solenoid The reciprocating members also each have a base which travels in a cylinder defined by a motor block. The motor block can be a conventional block as in an internal combustion engine. A rotating disk having edge commutators electrodes distributes electrical energy to the solenoids in alternating polarity sequences. Sets of solenoids are electrically in parallel to operate in tandem. Conventional internal combustion, piston-driven engines can be modified to be an electric motor as described above.

Arm rest safety bag apparatus

Abstract: A pneumatic safety bag is mounted within an arm rest housing of a vehicle door, whereupon impact of the door, the safety bag is instantaneously inflated by its pneumatic communication to a pneumatic cylinder operative through an electrical solenoid to effect inflation of the bag. Sensor and contact plates mounted within the door effect electrical communication relative to one another upon impact to open the solenoid valve for inflation of the bag.