Showing papers on "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory published in 1999"

Body image and quality of life after head and neck cancer surgery.

Abstract: objectives: The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of body image reintegration as it relates to quality of life in the surgical head and neck cancer patient. materials and methods: To illustrate the course of body image reintegration after head and neck cancer surgery, the results of two major studies are presented. In the first study, a cohort sample of 75 adults about to undergo disfigurative surgery for head and neck cancer was examined to determine levels of anxiety before and after the procedure. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered before and after surgery on postoperative days 4 through 6. In the large study, from which the cohort sample was derived, 117 adults about to undergo disfigurative surgery were investigated to determine the relationship between coping with surgical disfigurement/dysfunction and length of hospital stay. The Ways of Coping Checklist was administered before surgery. Disfigurement/dysfunction, as measured by the Disfigurement/Dysfunction Scale, and postoperative coping behaviors, as measured by the Coping Behaviors Score, were accounted for in both samples. Self-care and resocialization behaviors were observed and measured on postoperative days 4 through 6. results: In the cohort study, anticipation of disfigurative facial surgery was associated with extremely high levels of anxiety. In the large sample, coping effectiveness was diminished. The degree of surgical deficit ranged from mild to severe disfigurement and dysfunction. Preoperative coping effectiveness predicted postoperative coping behavior. It was concluded that body image reintegration was characterized by self-care, resocialization, and reduced anxiety. Further, that these components, when taken together, constitute assimilation of the surgical defect into self. conclusions: Body image reintegration is critical to subsequent quality of life after head and neck cancer surgery. When disfigurement/dysfunction is associated with treatment, quality of life may be profoundly and adversely affected. Findings from the studies presented indicate a significant correlation between postoperative self-care and reduction in level of anxiety. The implications of this finding are important to care during the early period after surgery and to long-term follow-up after hospital discharge.

The 12-item well-being questionnaire. An evaluation of its validity and reliability in Dutch people with diabetes.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the short-form 12-Item Well-Being Questionnaire (W-BQ12). The 12 items were used to construct the three 4-item subscales Negative Well-Being (NWB), Energy (ENE), and Positive Well-Being (PWB), and the 12-item overall scale General Well-Being (GWB). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 1,472 patients with diabetes completed the W-BQ12, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Statistics covered Cronbach9s alpha, Pearson9s correlation, t tests, and logistic regression. Test-retest reliability was studied in a sample of 202 patients who twice completed the W-BQ12, which was supplemented with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale and the Short Form (SF)-36 Health Survey. RESULTS: Of the tested subjects, 739 were defined as having type 1 diabetes and 701 as having type 2 diabetes. Cronbach9s alpha proved to be high and stable across sex and type of diabetes for all W-BQ12 scales. Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.66 (PWB) to 0.83 (GWB), with a mean interval of 66 +/- 14 days. Convergent validity of the W-BQ12 scales was supported by high correlations with other measures of affect. Of all scales of the first measurement, ENE proved to have the strongest association with self-reported chronic fatigue. NWB and trait anxiety both had the strongest associations with self-reported depression and current treatment by a psychologist/psychiatrist. CONCLUSIONS: The W-BQ12 appeared to be a reliable and valid measure of psychological well-being. This short instrument is easy to administer and may be considered a useful tool for both clinicians and researchers to assess the psychological well-being of patients with diabetes.

Measuring state anxiety in the context of acute exercise using the state anxiety inventory: an attempt to resolve the Brouhaha.

Abstract: Two studies were conducted to examine the internal consistency and validity of the state anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (SAI) in the context of acute exercise. SAI responses typically found in the exercise literature were replicated. Analysis at the item level revealed divergent response patterns, confounding the total SAI score. During moderate and immediately after vigorous exercise, scores on items referring to cognitive antecedents of anxiety decreased, whereas scores on items assessing perceived activation increased. Indices of internal showed exercise-associated decreases. A principal-components analysis of responses immediately postexercise revealed a multidimensional structure, distinguishing “cognitive” and “activation” items. By failing to discern exercise-induced and anxiety-related increases in activation from anxiety-antecedent appraisals, the SAI exhibits compromised internal consistency and validity in the context of acute exercise.

Mother and child perceptions of child anxiety: effects of race, health status, and stress

Abstract: Objective: To replicate race-related differences in mother and child reports of child anxiety and to test whether these race-related differences occur in healthy and chronically ill children seen in stressful and nonstressful settings. Method: Using a 2 (Informant: Mother versus Child) 3 2 (Race: African versus Euro-American) 3 2 (Health Status: Healthy versus Chronically Ill) 3 2 (Setting: Medical/Dental Clinic versus Restaurant) design, we asked 167 (10- to 18-year-old) children and their mothers completed the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Results: African American children rated themselves as more anxious than Euro-American children. Mothers reported the opposite: African American mothers described their children as less anxious than EuroAmerican mothers described their children. For state anxiety, the Race 3 Informant interaction occurred only in the stressful (medical/dental clinic) setting. For trait anxiety, the Race 3 Informant interaction was found for chronically ill, but not healthy, children. Conclusions: Reports of child anxiety vary by informant, race, child health status, and setting.

Fatigue in pregnancy: a comparative study.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to use validated scales to determine if fatigue is increased during the first trimester of pregnancy compared to nonpregnant women with similar demographic characteristics. Women between 6 and 12 weeks' gestation were invited to complete a demographics questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale for Fatigue (NRS-F), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Beck Depression Index (BDI-II). Nonpregnant women were also invited to participate. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U, Fisher's exact, Spearman correlation, and Monte Carlo tests where appropriate; significance was assumed at p <0.05. Twenty pregnant and 15 nonpregnant patients were enrolled. There was no difference in age, parity, BMI, race, marital status, education, income or hours worked outside the home between pregnant and nonpregnant subjects. Pregnant women reported greater number of hours spent sleeping each day (8 [7-10] vs. 7 [6-9], p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in BDI-II, STAI-S, or STAI-T scores, but pregnant women had significantly higher scores on the NRS-F test (72.5 [20-88] vs. 36 [18-94], p <0.05). Women in the first trimester of pregnancy experience significantly greater fatigue compared to a similar group of nonpregnant women.

Anxiety in Parents of Young Febrile Children in a Pediatric Emergency Department: Why is it Elevated?

Abstract: This study assessed anxiety levels of parents of young febrile children who presented to a pediatric emergency department (ED) with fever. One hundred and seventy parents completed a 90-item questionnaire. Anxiety was measured by use of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Parents were asked what they had previously thought about and how they felt about the ED process. Mean parental anxiety was 50.1 (95% CI 48.1, 52.2), significantly elevated from adult standards (p<0.0001). A multivariate model comprising: (1) feeling “not at all” well rested, (2) having no other children, (3) having thought about a blood test, and (4) feeling worried about trusting the physician was associated with elevated anxiety. In conclusion, parents of febrile young children in the ED are very anxious.

Cancer genetic consultation and anxiety in healthy consultees

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cancer genetic consultations on clients' feelings of anxiety. Among the 219 healthy women attending six clinics all located in different parts of France from January 1994 to January 1995, 173 (79%) answered pre- and post-consultation questionnaires and completed the anxiety inventories (Spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory). On average, the subjects reported less state anxiety after than before the consultation (p < 0.001), whatever their risk status. In the women who were the most likely to be 'at risk' (N = 115), a multiple regression analysis taking the post-consultation anxiety score as the dependent variable with the pre-consultation anxiety score as a covariate. showed that the risk perception, the fact that the mother had been affected by cancer, and the level of education had independent effects on the post-consultation anxiety assessment after adjusting for the depression score. These factors accounted simultaneously for 40% o...

Psychiatric morbidity in children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract: The study aimed at assessing the frequency of psychiatric disorders in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thirty consecutive subjects in the age range of 6-12 years were interviewed with the help of a symptom checklist soon after they had achieved their first remission. The children were also administered the Children's Depression Rating Scale and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. One-third (n = 10) of the subjects received a diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th ed. Ninety percent (n = 9) had emotional disorders. All the disorders were mild to moderate in intensity and were perceived to be easily treatable.

Psychiatric disorders among parents of children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and likely associations of psychiatric disorders in parents of children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). One parent each of 30 consecutive ALL patients who achieved their first remission were interviewed and rated on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Ratings were also made on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Fifty percent (n = 15) of the parents had psychiatric disorders, namely neurotic depression (n = 11,36.7 %) and adjustment disorder with depressed mood (n = 4,13.3 %). These disorders were of mild to moderate severity and were perceived to be highly treatable. Psychiatric morbidity was associated with women and unemployment. A score of 14 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale provided a reliable cut off for selection of subjects for referral.

The role of imagery in sexual arousal disturbances in the male traumatically brain injured individual

Abstract: Over 50% of individuals who suffer traumatic brain injury (TBI) demonstrate a decrease in sexual arousal post-injury. This study investigated the basis of this loss and hypothesized that it occurred as a consequence of the effect of the injury on cognition: specifically, diminution of the ability to form and manipulate sexually arousing imagery. The study compared 14 male participants who identified themselves as having alteration in sexual functioning following traumatic brain injury with a further 14 non-brain injured participants, case matched to them for age and education. All TBI participants were assessed after 2 years following injury, and had had a loss of consciousness of 3 days or greater. The results indicated that the two groups differed in terms of their performance on the Bett's QMI Scale, the Gordon Test of Visual Imagery Control, the Vividness of Sexual Imagery Scale of the Imaginal Processes Inventory, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory. After correction for the level of depression by analysis of covariance, the TBI participants still featured lower levels of performance on the Sexual Imagery sub-scale of the Imaginary Processes Inventory. The results indicate that sexual arousal disturbances may exist above and beyond the disturbances to affect associated with the psychosocial effects of the TBI.

Reliability of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Form Y in Japanese Samples:

Abstract: The internal consistency of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Form Y was examined using data collected from Japanese participants by five diverse surveys, in which one included American university students. Cronbach coefficient alpha was calculated separately for state and trait items as well as for anxiety-present and absent items. The internal consistency was higher for the anxiety-absent items than those of the state and trait anxiety items, but this tendency was not clear for the anxiety-present items. The trait anxiety items showed the lowest internal consistency for all Japanese groups, whereas the anxiety-present items showed the lowest alpha for American university students. It can be considered that this difference might induce the difference in two--factor structure between Japanese and people in Western countries.

The Effect of Anxiety on a Clock Completion Test (CCT) in Elderly Patients in a Geriatric Rehabilitative Unit Preliminary Study

Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine whether or not there is a correlation between reactive anxiety and cognitive ability, as expressed in a Clock Completion Test (CCT), in patients in a geriatric rehabilitative unit. The research tools included demographic and medical questionnaires, State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Depression Adjective Check List (DACL), Clock Completion Test (CCT) and the Self-Anchoring Striving Well-Being Scale, which were performed at four points in time on 21 subjects (5 men, 16 women) between the ages of 66-95. The study results indicate a significant and positive correlation between depressive symptoms and reactive anxiety at the time of admission and discharge. A significant negative correlation between the STAI-S and the CCT was indicated at the time of discharge in those cases in which the CCT was well performed. This correlation was significant only when the level of depressive symptoms and anxiety decreased at discharge and in comparison with those seen at time of admission. Hence, a preferable time for performing the CCT cannot be determined.